ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Lipstick on a Pig

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We are continuing to learn ืžืฉืœื™, Book Two, the anthology of proverbs. This section is a series of independent verses that, on the surface level, are about practical advice, but should be taken as metaphors (itโ€™s in the title!) for ethical issues.

ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ืคืœ ืขื; ื•ืชืฉื•ืขื” ื‘ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืขืฅืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื“

This is good advice for running a country:

ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื– ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื• ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฉื•ืขื”.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื“

ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืคืœ ืขื: ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืดื› ืขืœ ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืœืคืดื– ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ืดื ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืขืฆื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขืฆื” ื•ืขืฆื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืขืฆื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืชืฉื•ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืขืฅ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื“

But ืžืฉืœื™ is not about national politics, its about personal ethics. So we take this as a metaphor:

ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื—ืจืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื“

In fighting this ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, we need ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช. We talked about this before; in the introduction to the sefer, Shlomo said part of his goal was to teach ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช to the ื ื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื™ืฉืžืข ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื—; ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ืงื ื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื”

To quote Know-It-All, the ื ื‘ื•ืŸ doesnโ€™t just know; they understand, deriving new truths from first principles. But such a person needs humility as well, because no human being can understand everything. Even the ื ื‘ื•ืŸ requires heuristics.

Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution.

Wikipedia, Heuristic

ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช: ืฉืจืฉื• ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ, ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื›ื™ื‘ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”โ€ฆื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืขืฆื” ืื—ืช ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ืจืช.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืช, ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื”

In battle, detailed, well-thought out plans arenโ€™t as useful as heuristics about how to react in the moment.

Everybody has plans until they get hit for the first time.

Mike Tyson

Acting morally is a battle because ื—ื›ืžื” means more than knowing the right way to act. We are built to serve our own interests; we call that the ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข. It isnโ€™t evil; we need that urge. As Hillel says (ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื:ื™ื“)โ€Ž ืื ืื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื™ ืžื™ ืœื™? But it canโ€™t be the purpose of our lives; Hillel continues, ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืžื” ืื ื™. So there is a constant battle between the ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข and the ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. This metaphor of a ืžืœื—ืžื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช can be seen in the Torah as well.

(ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื:ื™) ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” [ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ืš ื•ื ืชื ื• ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ื‘ื™ื“ืš ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื•]: ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ, ืืœ ืชืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืขืœื™ืš, ืืœื ืฆื ื•ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”โ€ฆ

ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืงืฉื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ืš ืฉืื ืชืจืฆื” ืชืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื•โ€”ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึตืฆึตื ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืš, ืื– ืชืฆืœื™ื— ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ึดื™ืชึธ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึน.

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”

ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ืคืœ ืขื. You need to be aware of what you are doing and actively plan how to respond. Itโ€™s too easy to just react with your natural instincts. If you donโ€™t fight the ืžืœื—ืžื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช you will lose. Ramchal calls that mindfulness, ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.

ื”ื ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืื ืœื, ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื–ื‘ ื ืคืฉื• ืœืกื›ื ืช ื”ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื’ืœื• ื›ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืืคืœื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื“ืื™. ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื‘ืจื— ืžืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืชื•, ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžื”ืฆืœืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืจืข ืžื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™. ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ืจื—ื• ื•ื™ื ื•ืกื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื”ื.

ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืณ

Living needs planning.


And then Shlomo turns from military strategy to financial advice.

ืจืข ื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื–ืจ; ื•ืฉื ื ืชืงืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื˜ื•

He is talking about two different kinds of guarantors.

ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช: ืืณ ืขืจื‘ ืกืชื ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืฉืœื ื”ืœื•ื” ื™ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื‘ืณ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจืโ€ฆืขืจื‘ ืงื‘ืœืŸ; ื•ื–ื”ื• โ€ืื ืขืจื‘ืช ืœืจืขื™ืšโ€œ ื”ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ืกืชื; ืื โ€ืชืงืขืช ืœื–ืจ ื›ืคื™ืšโ€œ ื”ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ืงื‘ืœืŸ, ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื›ืฃ ืžืžืฉ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืดื ืœืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ ื•:ื

And, literally, this is good advice (which I have been burned on too many times):

ืจืข ื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื–ืจ: ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืงืžืŸ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื–:ื™ื–) [ื‘ึผึฐื›ื‡ืœ ืขึตืช ืึนื”ึตื‘ ื”ึธืจึตืขึท ื•ึฐืึธื— ืœึฐืฆึธืจึธื” ื™ึดื•ึผึธืœึตื“], ืฉื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ื•; ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ืชืงื™ืขืช ื›ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื™ื’ื‘ื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘.

ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจ, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขื“ ื–ืจ, ืืฃ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืจืข ื™ืจื•ืข. ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืจึตืข, ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขื“ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—, ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืขืช ื›ืฃ, ืฉืื– ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื’ื ื‘ืจึตืข, ื›ื™ ื™ืงื“ืžื• ืœืคืจื•ืข ืžืžื ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื˜ื•

It sounds similar to Poloniusโ€™s advice to his son (which is a great speech, worth reading in its entirety):

Polonius: And these few precepts in thy memory Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue, Nor any unproportioned thought his actโ€ฆ Neither a borrower nor a lender be, For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

Hamlet, Act 1, scene 3

But here Shlomo is talking, not about being a lender, but about being a guarantor. We are supposed to lend freely; it is a form of ืฆื“ืงื”.

ื– ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืš ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื“ ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืจื™ืš ื‘ืืจืฆืš ืืฉืจ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ืœื ืชืืžืฅ ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ืš ื•ืœื ืชืงืคืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืžืื—ื™ืš ื”ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸืƒ ื— ื›ื™ ืคืชื— ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืœื•; ื•ื”ืขื‘ื˜ ืชืขื‘ื™ื˜ื ื• ื“ื™ ืžื—ืกืจื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืกืจ ืœื•ืƒโ€ฆื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื—ื“ืœ ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ; ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืš ืœืืžืจ ืคืชื— ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืœืื—ื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ืš ื•ืœืื‘ื™ื ืš ื‘ืืจืฆืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

But again, ืžืฉืœื™ isnโ€™t about financial advice; its about ethics. So the Gra takes this โ€œguarantorโ€ as a metaphor.

ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ืขืจื‘ ืกืชื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื•. ื•ืื โ€ืชืงืขืช ืœื–ืจ ื›ืคื™ืšโ€œ ื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืขืจื‘ ืงื‘ืœืŸ, ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืžื–ื” ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืœื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœึพื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืขืจื‘ ืงื‘ืœืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืดื ืœืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ ื•:ื

The first kind of guarantor is the ืขืจื‘ ืกืชื; in the metaphor a teacher who will be liable if their student goes astray.

ืื‘ื˜ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ: ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื, ืฉืžื ืชื—ื•ื‘ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืชื’ืœื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉืชื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื›ื ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืœ.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื:ื™ื

ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืคืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืคื™ ืืžื•ื ืชื, ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ื ืชื›ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืจืข ืœืื ื˜ื™ื’ื ื•ืก ืขื ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืชื•ืก.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื, ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื:ื™ื

The message is: be careful. You are still obligated to teach, but look out for the ื–ืจ. In terms of the metaphor of book one, donโ€™t let your students become the ืืฉื” ื–ืจื”.

And the second kind of guarantor is the ืขืจื‘ ืงื‘ืœืŸ, the judge who is immediately responsible for what the litigants do, because the judge has the authority to force that action.

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ:โ€ฆืฉื ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืชโ€ฆ

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื:ื™

ืฉื ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช: ื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฉืจืจื” ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืจืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”.

ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื, ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื:ื™

ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, being in a position of leadership, is bad for your health.

ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื: ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืžืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืื—ื™ื•? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื”,ื

But, like being a teacher, you canโ€™t hide from positions of leadership.

ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื™ึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ืึธืจึถืฅ; ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžื•ึนืช ื™ึถื”ึถืจึฐืกึถื ึผึธื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื˜:ื“

ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ืจืกื ื”: ืื ืžืฉื™ื ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžื•ืฉืœื›ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืžื” ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื— ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ; ืžื” ืœื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื; ืžื” ืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืงื•ืœื? ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ืš ื ืคืฉื™! ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ โ€ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ืจืกื ื”โ€œ.

ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืืกื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื•ืชื• ืืฆืœื• ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ืืดืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื›ื”? ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื“ืช?โ€ฆื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืชืช ืจึธืฉื‚ื•ึผืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ืชืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ! ืืดืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื›ื” ืฉืžื ืืชืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื”ืจืกื ื”.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ืจืฉื) ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘

Terumah is holier than chullin [non-sacred produce]. It is set aside, on its own. The man of Terumos that the Medrash refers to is the person who considers himself like โ€œTerumah.โ€ He feels that he is above the masses that are โ€œchullinโ€. He feels โ€œI donโ€™t need all thisโ€ and refuses to sully himself with the needs of the common people (hamon am). โ€œLet me do my own thing. Let me be for myself. I want to be like terumah that is set aside in the corner.โ€

This attitude, the Medrash states, is destructive. The lesson we must take from this Medrash is that not only those who are worthy to be judges must occupy themselves with congregational needs. We are all called upon, on many occasions and under many circumstances to get involvedโ€”to become the chairman, to sit on the committee. Everyone who has sat on a committee or been involved in communal needs knows that it is full of aggravation. It is so easy to take the attitude โ€œI donโ€™t need this.โ€

Rabbi Yissocher Frand, Those in a Thankless Role Deserve A Thank-You

So in the words of ืžืฉืœื™, you should ืฉื ื ืชืงืขื™ื, and in the words of the Mishna, ืฉื ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช. Donโ€™t do it for the sake of the power and glory. But do it anyway.


The next metaphor describes the ืืฉื”.

ืืฉืช ื—ืŸ ืชืชืžืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“; ื•ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืชืžื›ื• ืขืฉืจืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื˜ื–

In modern Hebrew, an ืขืจื™ืฅ is a tyrant. It comes from the root for โ€œfearโ€.

ื•ืืžืจ ืืœื›ื; ืœื ืชืขืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชื™ืจืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื:ื›ื˜

Itโ€™s not inherently a bad thing:

ื ืขืจื™ืฆืš ื•ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš ื›ืกื•ื“ ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื“ืฉโ€ฆ

ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื ื•ืกื— ืืฉื›ื ื–

This is a different ืืฉื” from Book One. There, it was a metaphor for wisdom. This is a metaphor for the soul, for the sense of self.

ืืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉื’ืช ื—ืŸ ืขืดื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื ืคืฉ ื™ืงืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื˜ื–

So the parallelism of this pasuk contrasts the ื ืคืฉ ื—ืŸ and the ื ืคืฉ ืขืจื™ืฅ.

Shlomo is telling us that, even though intimidating others can lead to obedience and thus wealth,

Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? One should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved.

Machiavelli, The Prince, Chapter 17

treating others with ื—ืŸ, grace, will lead to ื›ื‘ื•ื“, status in the eyes of others.

You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.

Old proverb

The next pasuk is about asceticism.

ื’ืžืœ ื ืคืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื—ืกื“; ื•ืขื›ืจ ืฉืืจื• ืื›ื–ืจื™ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื–

Making yourself suffer means you will end up being cruel to others:

ื’ื•ืžืœ ื ืคืฉื•: ืžื™ ืฉื’ื•ืžืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ืคืฉื• ื”ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืชืช ืœื” ื“ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื” ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืฉ ื—ืกื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืจืขื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื›ืดืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื–

And so asceticism is forbidden:

ื’ืžืœ ื ืคืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื—ืกื“: ื–ื” ื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืžื, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืจื—ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื•ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื, ื”ืŸ. ืžื” ืื ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื˜ืจื˜ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงืจืงืกื™ืื•ืช, ืžื™ ืฉื ืชืžื ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจืงืŸ ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืคืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ื“ืœ ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ื‘ืฆืœื ื•ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜:ื•): ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถืœึถื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”.

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืœื“:ื’

ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ: ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ื ืงืจื ื—ื•ื˜ื. ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ ืชื ื, ื“ืชื ื™ื ืจืณ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืงืคืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ืžื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•:ื™ื) ื•ึฐื›ึดืคึผึถืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืžึตืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื—ึธื˜ึธื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึธืคึถืฉื. ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื ืคืฉ ื—ื˜ื ื–ื”? ืืœื ืฉืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ: ื•ืžื” ื–ื”, ืฉืœื ืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืงืจื ื—ื•ื˜ื; ื”ืžืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”!

ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™ื,ื

ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืจืณ ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘: ืขืชื™ื“ ืื“ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจืืช ืขื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ืื›ืœ.

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“:ื™ื‘

Rashi, however, has a different approach. The ืฉืืจ, flesh, here is talking about family:

ื’ื•ืžืœ ื ืคืฉื•: ื’ื•ืžืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ืื™ืฉ ื—ืกื“ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกื™ื“.

ื•ืขื›ืจ ืฉืืจื• ืื›ื–ืจื™: ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื™ื–

We need to care for family.

Often told is the anecdote where a wealthy lawyer, solicited for a charitable donation, replies โ€œDo you realise my mother is dying of a long-term illness and has medical bills several times her income? Did you know that my brother, a disabled veteran, is blind and in a wheelchair? Do you understand my sister is widowed and penniless with three dependent children? Well, since I donโ€™t give any money to them, why should I give any to you?โ€

Wikipedia, Lawyer joke

ื“ืชื ื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ: (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘:ื›ื“) ืึดื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃโ€‰ ืชึผึทืœึฐื•ึถื” ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึถืขึธื ึดื™ ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ. ืขืžื™ ื•ื’ื•ื™ โ€”ืขืžื™ ืงื•ื“ื, ืขื ื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจโ€”ืขื ื™ ืงื•ื“ื. ืขื ื™ื™ืš ื•ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจืšโ€”ืขื ื™ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจืš ื•ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืชโ€”ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ.

ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืขื,ื

ื”ืœื•ื ืคืจืก ืœืจืขื‘ ืœื—ืžืš ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื“ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช; ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ืขืจื ื•ื›ืกื™ืชื• ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœืืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—:ื–

ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจืš ืœื ืชืชืขืœื: ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื•ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ ืœื ื™ืขืœื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื—ื™ืชื• ืืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช ืœื• ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ื™ื— ื‘ื”ื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—:ื–

This is an important ethical principle in ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™, because it isnโ€™t obvious. The theory behind modern โ€œEffective Altruismโ€ is that all suffering is equally morally wrong, and caring about those close to us is evil.

The fact that a person is physically near to us, so that we have personal contact with him, may make it more likely that we shall assist him, but this does not show that we ought to help him rather than another who happens to be further awayโ€ฆ

It makes no moral difference whether the person I can help is a neighborโ€™s child ten yards from me or a Bengali whose name I shall never know, ten thousand miles away.

Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality

Shlomo is telling us that Peter Singer is wrong. The reason is that Peter Singer is an atheist. The good that he does is the only good that exists. If human beings donโ€™t care for humanity as a whole, no one will. And in that big picture, that Bengali is the same as my neighborโ€™s child. But we have faith that in the big picture, ื”ืณ is running the world. My acts of ื—ืกื“ help me become a better person and achieve my purpose in existing.

ืชื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ืขืžื™ (ืจื•ืช ื‘:ื™ื˜): ืฉืึตื ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื‘ึผึนืขึทื–, โ€ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืขืžื™โ€œ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื โ€ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืžื•โ€œ. ืืžืจื” ืœื”: ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืœื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืคืจื•ืกื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื™.

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืœื“:ื—

And ืฆื“ืงื” for those we see will affect us more than the abstract good we may do far away. ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจืš ื•ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืชโ€”ืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจืš ืงื•ื“ืžื™ืŸ.

And so, Shlomo emphasizes that the ืฆื“ื™ืง is the one doing ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืณ.

ื™ื— ืจืฉืข ืขืฉื” ืคืขืœืช ืฉืงืจ; ื•ื–ืจืข ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื›ืจ ืืžืชืƒ ื™ื˜ ื›ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื; ื•ืžืจื“ืฃ ืจืขื” ืœืžื•ืชื•ืƒ ื› ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื”ืณ ืขืงืฉื™ ืœื‘; ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืชืžื™ืžื™ ื“ืจืšืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื

And then two lines that I think are connected, though that is not obvious.

ื›ื ื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื ืงื” ืจืข; ื•ื–ืจืข ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ืžืœื˜ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื ื–ื ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืืฃ ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืฉื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืกืจืช ื˜ืขืืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื

ื ื–ื ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืืฃ ื—ื–ื™ืจ is, presumably, a common expression, like โ€œputting lipstick on a pigโ€. It doesnโ€™t help the pig. Itโ€™s still a pig.

โ€œA hog in armour is still but a hogโ€ was recorded in 1732 by British physician Thomas Fullerโ€ฆ

But the exact wording of โ€œputting lipstick on a pig (or hog)โ€ doesnโ€™t show up until much later. In 1985, the Washington Post quoted a San Francisco radio host on plans for renovating Candlestick Park (instead of building a new downtown stadium for the Giants): โ€œThat would be like putting lipstick on a pig.โ€

Ann Richards did much to boost the sayingโ€™s political popularity when she used a number of variations while governor of Texas in the early โ€˜90s. In 1991, in her first budget-writing session, she said, โ€œThis is not another one of those deals where you put lipstick on a hog and call it a princess.โ€ The next year, at a Democratic barbecue in South Dakota, she criticized the George H.W. Bush administration for using warships to protect oil tankers in the Middle East, which she considered a hidden subsidy for foreign oil. โ€œYou can put lipstick on a hog and call it Monique, but it is still a pig,โ€ she said.

Ben Zimmer, Who First Put โ€œLipstick on a Pigโ€?

Shlomo tells us that ืืฉื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืกืจืช ื˜ืขื, a beautiful woman who lacks sense, is the same way. Her beauty is worthless. In terms of the metaphor, a person canโ€™t do a few showy generous acts to make up for a lifetime of cruelty. And that is what ื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ means.

ื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื™ื ืงื” ืจืข: ื‘ื•ื ื•ืจืื”: ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืื“ื: ืื ื’ื•ื ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืช, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืื—ืจืช, ืœื ื™ื™ื ืงื”. ื›ืš, ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืจืฉืขื™ื: ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื, ืื—ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื• ืฉื›ืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื•, ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืจ?! ืžื” ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืจืืชื™ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืื—ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€ื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื™ื ืงื” ืจืขโ€œ, ื•ืืชื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื?! ืœื ื™ื™ื ืงื” ืจืข!

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื–ื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆืืช ืžืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ ืื—ื“, ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืฆื“ืงื”. ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื•, ื•ืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ โ€ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื™, ืœื ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™, ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื™ืชื›ืคืจ ืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™โ€œ. ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘ืดื”: ืจืฉืข! ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ืœืš ื•ืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื”, ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื•ืืžืจ โ€ื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื™ื ืงื” ืจืขโ€œ.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื

It is the overall consistency that matters. Those good deeds are the โ€œื–ืจืขโ€ that will save the ืฆื“ื™ืง.

ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื ื— ื ื— ืื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง:โ€ฆืœืžื“ืš ืฉืขืงืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•:ื˜

Be good always. Donโ€™t put lipstick on a pig.