We are continuing to learn ืืฉืื, Book Two, the anthology of proverbs. This section is a series of independent verses that, on the surface level, are about practical advice, but should be taken as metaphors (itโs in the title!) for ethical issues.
ืืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืคื ืขื; ืืชืฉืืขื ืืจื ืืืขืฅื
This is good advice for running a country:
ืืืฉืจ ืื ืืืฉืื ืชืืืืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืืืื ืื ืืคืื ืืขื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืขืฅ ืงืจืืื ืืชืฉืืขื.
ืืืื ืชืืืืืืช ืืคื ืขื: ืฉืืืืจ ืืดื ืขื ืขืช ืืืืื, ืืืคืดื ืืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืขืฆืื ืจืืื, ืฉืืดื ืืืฆืื ืขืฆื ืืืจืช, ืื ืื ืขืฆื ืืขืฆื ืืฉ ืื ืืงืื ืืืืืื, ืฉืืคืขืืื ืื ืขืฆื ืื ืื ืชืฆืืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืขืฆื ืืฉื ืื, ืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืชืฉืืขื ืืจืื ืืืขืฅ.
But ืืฉืื is not about national politics, its about personal ethics. So we take this as a metaphor:
ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืจืช ืคื ืืืืช ื ืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืืื.
In fighting this ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืืื, we need ืชืืืืืช. We talked about this before; in the introduction to the sefer, Shlomo said part of his goal was to teach ืชืืืืืช to the ื ืืื.
ืืฉืืข ืืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืงื; ืื ืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืงื ืื
To quote Know-It-All, the ื ืืื doesnโt just know; they understand, deriving new truths from first principles. But such a person needs humility as well, because no human being can understand everything. Even the ื ืืื requires heuristics.
Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution.
ืชืืืืืช: ืฉืจืฉื ืืขื ืื ืืื, ืฉืงืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืงืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืงืฉืื ืื ืขืฆืืช ืืืจืืืื ืื ืขื ืืโฆืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืื ืขืฆืืช ืฉืื ืืช ืขื ืขื ืื ืืื, ืฉืืขืช ืฉืื ืชืขืื ืืืื ืขืฆื ืืืช ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืจืช.
In battle, detailed, well-thought out plans arenโt as useful as heuristics about how to react in the moment.
Everybody has plans until they get hit for the first time.
Acting morally is a battle because ืืืื means more than knowing the right way to act. We are built to serve our own interests; we call that the ืืฆืจ ืืจืข. It isnโt evil; we need that urge. As Hillel says (ืืฉื ื ืืืืช ื:ืื)โ ืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืื? But it canโt be the purpose of our lives; Hillel continues, ืืืฉืื ื ืืขืฆืื, ืื ืื ื. So there is a constant battle between the ืืฆืจ ืืจืข and the ืืฆืจ ืืืื. This metaphor of a ืืืืื ืคื ืืืืช can be seen in the Torah as well.
(ืืืจืื ืื:ื) ืื ืชืฆื ืืืืืื [ืขื ืืืืื ืื ืชื ื ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืฉืืื]: ืืืืืช ืืืฆืจ. ืืืช ืืขืื, ืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืืช ืืืฆืจ, ืื ืชืืชืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืืฉ ืขืืื, ืืื ืฆื ืืืืื ืื. ืืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืชืืจืโฆ
ืืืืืช ืืืฆืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืงืฉื, ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืงืืดื ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืชืจืฆื ืชืืฉืื ืืโืึผึดื ืชึตืฆึตื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึธืึธื ืขื ืืืืื ืืคื ืืื ืฉืื, ืื ืชืฆืืื ืึฐืฉืึธืึดืืชึธ ืฉืึดืึฐืืึน.
ืืืื ืชืืืืืช ืืคื ืขื. You need to be aware of what you are doing and actively plan how to respond. Itโs too easy to just react with your natural instincts. If you donโt fight the ืืืืื ืคื ืืืืช you will lose. Ramchal calls that mindfulness, ืืืืจืืช.
ืื ื ืขื ืื ืืืืืจืืช ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืขืฉืื ืืืขื ืื ืื, ืืืืืจ, ืืชืืื ื ืืืคืงื ืขื ืืขืฉืื ืืืจืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืื, ืืืืชื ืขืื ื ืคืฉื ืืกืื ืช ืืืืืื ืืก ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืคืื.
ืืื ื ืื ืืืจ ืฉืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืื. ืื ืืืจื ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืขื ืืืฉืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ื ืฉืืชื, ืืื ืืชืื ืฉืืจืฆื ืืืขืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืฆืืชื, ืืื ืื ืคืืืชืืช ืืืืืืืช ืจืข ืืื ืืืื. ืืืขืืฉื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืคืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืืขื ืืฉืืจ ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืขื ืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืกื ืืื ืื ืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืง ืืื.
Living needs planning.
And then Shlomo turns from military strategy to financial advice.
ืจืข ืืจืืข ืื ืขืจื ืืจ; ืืฉื ื ืชืงืขืื ืืืืื
He is talking about two different kinds of guarantors.
ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ื ืืื ื ืขืจืืืช: ืืณ ืขืจื ืกืชื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืื, ืืืืณ ืืื ืื ืงืจืโฆืขืจื ืงืืื; ืืืื โืื ืขืจืืช ืืจืขืืโ ืืื ืขืจื ืกืชื; ืื โืชืงืขืช ืืืจ ืืคืืโ ืืื ืขืจื ืงืืื, ืฉื ืื ืก ืืืฃ ืืืฉ.
And, literally, this is good advice (which I have been burned on too many times):
ืจืข ืืจืืข ืื ืขืจื ืืจ: ืืื ืขื ืคื ืื ืฉืืชืืืจ ืืงืื (ืืฉืื ืื:ืื) [ืึผึฐืืื ืขึตืช ืึนืึตื ืึธืจึตืขึท ืึฐืึธื ืึฐืฆึธืจึธื ืึดืึผึธืึตื], ืฉืืื ืฉืืืืื ืฆืจืื ืืขืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืื, ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืก ืืขืจืืืช ืืขืื; ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืื ืืื ืืก ืืชืงืืขืช ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืขืจืืืช ืงืืื ืืช, ืฉืืื ืืืื ืชืืืฃ ืื ืืขืจื.
ืืขื ืื ืืืจ, ืฉืื ืฉืขืจื ืืขื ืืจ, ืืฃ ืขืจืืืช ืคืฉืื, ืจืข ืืจืืข. ืืื ืืืจึตืข, ืฉืืืืจื ืืขืจื ืืขืื, ืืื ืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ื ืชืืงืขืื ืืืื, ืื ืืื ืก ืืขืจืืืช ืฉื ืชืงืืขืช ืืฃ, ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืจึตืข, ืื ืืงืืื ืืคืจืืข ืืื ื.
It sounds similar to Poloniusโs advice to his son (which is a great speech, worth reading in its entirety):
Polonius: And these few precepts in thy memory Look thou character. Give thy thoughts no tongue, Nor any unproportioned thought his actโฆ Neither a borrower nor a lender be, For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.
But here Shlomo is talking, not about being a lender, but about being a guarantor. We are supposed to lend freely; it is a form of ืฆืืงื.
ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืขืจืื ืืืจืฆื ืืฉืจ ืืณ ืืืงืื ื ืชื ืื ืื ืชืืืฅ ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืชืงืคืฅ ืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ื ืื ืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืืช ืืื ืื; ืืืขืื ืชืขืืืื ื ืื ืืืกืจื ืืฉืจ ืืืกืจ ืืืโฆืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืจืฅ; ืขื ืื ืื ืื ืืฆืื ืืืืจ ืคืชื ืชืคืชื ืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืจืฆืื
But again, ืืฉืื isnโt about financial advice; its about ethics. So the Gra takes this โguarantorโ as a metaphor.
ืืืืชื ืืืืืืื ืชืืจื ืื ืขืจื ืกืชื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืจืืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืฉืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืกืืืจ ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืขื. ืืื โืชืงืขืช ืืืจ ืืคืืโ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืืื ืขืจื ืงืืื, ืฉืืื ืืก ืขืฆืื ืืืงืืื ืืืฉ ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืกื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืชื ืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืขืึพืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืก ืขืฆืื ืืขืจื ืงืืื.
The first kind of guarantor is the ืขืจื ืกืชื; in the metaphor a teacher who will be liable if their student goes astray.
ืืืืืืื ืืืืจ: ืืืืื, ืืืืจื ืืืืจืืื, ืฉืื ืชืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืช ืืชืืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืจืขืื, ืืืฉืชื ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืืืชื, ืื ืืฆื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืชืืื.
ืืืืจ ืืฉืืจื ืืืืจืืื ืืชืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื ืืงืื ืฉืืกืืื ืคืืจืืฉ ืืืจ. ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืืืคืจืื ืืคืจืฉื ืืืชื ืืคื ืืืื ืชื, ืืืชืืืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืขื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืฉืื ืฉืืืช ืืืชื ืืืื ืชืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉื, ืืืฉืจ ืืืจืข ืืื ืืืื ืืก ืขื ืฆืืืง ืืืืชืืก.
The message is: be careful. You are still obligated to teach, but look out for the ืืจ. In terms of the metaphor of book one, donโt let your students become the ืืฉื ืืจื.
And the second kind of guarantor is the ืขืจื ืงืืื, the judge who is immediately responsible for what the litigants do, because the judge has the authority to force that action.
ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ:โฆืฉื ื ืืช ืืจืื ืืชโฆ
ืฉื ื ืืช ืืจืื ืืช: ืืชืจืืง ืืื ืืื ืฉืจืจื ืขื ืฆืืืจ, ืฉืืจืื ืืช ืืงืืจืช ืืช ืืขืืื.
ืจืื ืืช, being in a position of leadership, is bad for your health.
ืืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืืจ ืื ืื ื: ืืคื ื ืื ืืช ืืืกืฃ ืงืืื ืืืืื? ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืจืื ืืช.
But, like being a teacher, you canโt hide from positions of leadership.
ืึถืึถืึฐ ืึผึฐืึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื ืึทืขึฒืึดืื ืึธืจึถืฅ; ืึฐืึดืืฉื ืชึผึฐืจืึผืืึนืช ืึถืึถืจึฐืกึถื ึผึธืื
ืืืืฉ ืชืจืืืืช ืืืจืกื ื: ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืชืจืืื ืืื ืฉืืืฉืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืช, ืืืืืจ: ืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืฆืืืจ; ืื ืื ืืืื ืืื; ืื ืื ืืฉืืืข ืงืืื? ืฉืืื ืขืืื ื ืคืฉื! ืืจื ืื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืื โืืืืฉ ืชืจืืืืช ืืืจืกื ืโ.
ืืขืฉื ืืจืื ืืกื ืืฉืืื ืืกืชืืง ืื ืืขืืื ื ืื ืก ืื ืืืืชื ืืฆืื ืืฆืื ืืืื, ืืดื ืจืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืชื ืืืื? ืืฉ ืชืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืช ืืืืืืช?โฆืืขื ืื ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืื, ืืืืช ืืชืจืืง ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ื ืชืช ืจึธืฉืืึผืช ืขื ืขืฆืื ืืืชืื ืืช ืขื ืฆืจืื ืฆืืืจ! ืืดื ืื ื ืขืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืชื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืขื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื. ืืื ืืืืฉ ืชืจืืืืช ืืืจืกื ื.
Terumah is holier than chullin [non-sacred produce]. It is set aside, on its own. The man of Terumos that the Medrash refers to is the person who considers himself like โTerumah.โ He feels that he is above the masses that are โchullinโ. He feels โI donโt need all thisโ and refuses to sully himself with the needs of the common people (hamon am). โLet me do my own thing. Let me be for myself. I want to be like terumah that is set aside in the corner.โ
This attitude, the Medrash states, is destructive. The lesson we must take from this Medrash is that not only those who are worthy to be judges must occupy themselves with congregational needs. We are all called upon, on many occasions and under many circumstances to get involvedโto become the chairman, to sit on the committee. Everyone who has sat on a committee or been involved in communal needs knows that it is full of aggravation. It is so easy to take the attitude โI donโt need this.โ
So in the words of ืืฉืื, you should ืฉื ื ืชืงืขืื, and in the words of the Mishna, ืฉื ื ืืช ืืจืื ืืช. Donโt do it for the sake of the power and glory. But do it anyway.
The next metaphor describes the ืืฉื.
ืืฉืช ืื ืชืชืื ืืืื; ืืขืจืืฆืื ืืชืืื ืขืฉืจื
In modern Hebrew, an ืขืจืืฅ is a tyrant. It comes from the root for โfearโ.
ืืืืจ ืืืื; ืื ืชืขืจืฆืื ืืื ืชืืจืืื ืืืื
Itโs not inherently a bad thing:
ื ืขืจืืฆื ืื ืงืืืฉื ืืกืื ืฉืื ืฉืจืคื ืงืืฉโฆ
This is a different ืืฉื from Book One. There, it was a metaphor for wisdom. This is a metaphor for the soul, for the sense of self.
ืืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืฉืืช ืื ืขืดื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืืื, ืื ืืคื ืืืืืฆื ื ืคืฉ ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืฆืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืื.
So the parallelism of this pasuk contrasts the ื ืคืฉ ืื and the ื ืคืฉ ืขืจืืฅ.
Shlomo is telling us that, even though intimidating others can lead to obedience and thus wealth,
Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? One should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved.
treating others with ืื, grace, will lead to ืืืื, status in the eyes of others.
You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar.
The next pasuk is about asceticism.
ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืฉ ืืกื; ืืขืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืืจืื
Making yourself suffer means you will end up being cruel to others:
ืืืื ื ืคืฉื: ืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืคืฉื ืืืชืืืื ืืชืช ืื ืื ืืืกืืจื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืืขืืืื ืืืฆื ืืืจืืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืกืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืขื ื ืคืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืขื ื ืคืฉ ืืืืืช ืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืขืฆืื ืืืจืขืื ืขืฆืื ืื ืืืืฉ ืขื ืืืืื ืืดืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืจื ืขื ืืืืืช.
And so asceticism is forbidden:
ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืฉ ืืกื: ืื ืืื ืืืงื, ืฉืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ื ืคืืจ ืืชืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืื, ืืืจื ืื ืชืืืืืื ืจืื ื ืืืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฆืื, ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฆืื ืื, ืืืจ ืืื ืืจืืฅ ืืืืช ืืืจืืฅ, ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฆืื ืืื, ืืืจ ืืื, ืื. ืื ืื ืืืงืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืืขืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืชื ืืจืืืืืช ืืืืชื ืงืจืงืกืืืืช, ืื ืฉื ืชืื ื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจืงื ืืฉืืืคื ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืื ืืช, ืืื ืขืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืืืช, ืื ื ืฉื ืืจืืชื ืืฆืื ืืืืืืช, ืืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ื:ื): ืึผึดื ืึผึฐืฆึถืึถื ืึฑืึนืงึดืื ืขึธืฉืึธื ืึถืช ืึธืึธืึธื, ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื.
ืืืจ ืฉืืืื: ืื ืืืืฉื ืืชืขื ืืช ื ืงืจื ืืืื. ืกืืจ ืื ืืื ืชื ื, ืืชื ืื ืจืณ ืืืขืืจ ืืงืคืจ ืืจืื ืืืืจ: ืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ (ืืืืืจ ื:ืื) ืึฐืึดืคึผึถืจ ืขึธืึธืื ืึตืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธืึธื ืขึทื ืึทื ึผึธืคึถืฉื. ืืื ืืืืื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ืื? ืืื ืฉืฆืืขืจ ืขืฆืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืืจืื ืงื ืืืืืจ: ืืื ืื, ืฉืื ืฆืืขืจ ืขืฆืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ื ืงืจื ืืืื; ืืืฆืขืจ ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจ, ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื!
ืจืื ืืืงืื ืจืณ ืืื ืืฉื ืจื: ืขืชืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืจืืช ืขืื ื ืืื ืืื.
Rashi, however, has a different approach. The ืฉืืจ, flesh, here is talking about family:
ืืืื ื ืคืฉื: ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืืฉ ืืกื ืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืกืื.
ืืขืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืืจื: ืืืืืืจื ืืื ืขืืืจ ืืช ืงืจืืืื.
We need to care for family.
Often told is the anecdote where a wealthy lawyer, solicited for a charitable donation, replies โDo you realise my mother is dying of a long-term illness and has medical bills several times her income? Did you know that my brother, a disabled veteran, is blind and in a wheelchair? Do you understand my sister is widowed and penniless with three dependent children? Well, since I donโt give any money to them, why should I give any to you?โ
ืืชื ื ืจื ืืืกืฃ: (ืฉืืืช ืื:ืื) ืึดื ืึผึถืกึถืฃโ ืชึผึทืึฐืึถื ืึถืช ืขึทืึผึดื ืึถืช ืึถืขึธื ึดื ืขึดืึผึธืึฐ. ืขืื ืืืื โืขืื ืงืืื, ืขื ื ืืขืฉืืจโืขื ื ืงืืื. ืขื ืืื ืืขื ืื ืขืืจืโืขื ืืื ืงืืืืื, ืขื ืื ืขืืจื ืืขื ืื ืขืืจ ืืืจืชโืขื ืื ืขืืจื ืงืืืืื.
ืืืื ืคืจืก ืืจืขื ืืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืจืืืื ืชืืื ืืืช; ืื ืชืจืื ืขืจื ืืืกืืชื ืืืืฉืจื ืื ืชืชืขืืื
ืืืืฉืจื ืื ืชืชืขืื: ืืืืืื ืืจืขื ืืืืกืืช ืืขืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื; ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืงืจืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืืชื ืฉืืื ืขื ื ืื ืืขืืื ืขืื ืื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉืืฆืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืืคืชืื ืืคื ืื ืืจืืื ืฉืืจืืื ืืื.
This is an important ethical principle in ืกืคืจ ืืฉืื, because it isnโt obvious. The theory behind modern โEffective Altruismโ is that all suffering is equally morally wrong, and caring about those close to us is evil.
The fact that a person is physically near to us, so that we have personal contact with him, may make it more likely that we shall assist him, but this does not show that we ought to help him rather than another who happens to be further awayโฆ
It makes no moral difference whether the person I can help is a neighborโs child ten yards from me or a Bengali whose name I shall never know, ten thousand miles away.
Shlomo is telling us that Peter Singer is wrong. The reason is that Peter Singer is an atheist. The good that he does is the only good that exists. If human beings donโt care for humanity as a whole, no one will. And in that big picture, that Bengali is the same as my neighborโs child. But we have faith that in the big picture, ืืณ is running the world. My acts of ืืกื help me become a better person and achieve my purpose in existing.
ืชื ื ืจืื ืืืืฉืข: ืืืชืจ ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืืืช ืขืืฉื ืขื ืืขื ื ืืขื ื ืขืืฉื ืขื ืืขื ืืืืช. ืฉืื ืจืืช ืืืืจืช ืื ืขืื (ืจืืช ื:ืื): ืฉืึตื ืึธืึดืืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉืึดืืชึดื ืขึดืึผืึน ืึทืึผืึนื ืึผึนืขึทื, โืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืขืืโ ืืื ืืชืื ืืื, ืืื โืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืขืืโ. ืืืจื ืื: ืืจืื ืคืขืืืช ืืืืืืช ืขืฉืืชื ืขืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืคืจืืกื ืฉื ืชื ืื.
And ืฆืืงื for those we see will affect us more than the abstract good we may do far away. ืขื ืื ืขืืจื ืืขื ืื ืขืืจ ืืืจืชโืขื ืื ืขืืจื ืงืืืืื.
And so, Shlomo emphasizes that the ืฆืืืง is the one doing ืจืฆืื ืืณ.
ืื ืจืฉืข ืขืฉื ืคืขืืช ืฉืงืจ; ืืืจืข ืฆืืงื ืฉืืจ ืืืชื ืื ืื ืฆืืงื ืืืืื; ืืืจืืฃ ืจืขื ืืืืชืื ื ืชืืขืืช ืืณ ืขืงืฉื ืื; ืืจืฆืื ื ืชืืืื ืืจืื
And then two lines that I think are connected, though that is not obvious.
ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืงื ืจืข; ืืืจืข ืฆืืืงืื ื ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืฃ ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืคื ืืกืจืช ืืขืื
ื ืื ืืื ืืืฃ ืืืืจ is, presumably, a common expression, like โputting lipstick on a pigโ. It doesnโt help the pig. Itโs still a pig.
โA hog in armour is still but a hogโ was recorded in 1732 by British physician Thomas Fullerโฆ
But the exact wording of โputting lipstick on a pig (or hog)โ doesnโt show up until much later. In 1985, the Washington Post quoted a San Francisco radio host on plans for renovating Candlestick Park (instead of building a new downtown stadium for the Giants): โThat would be like putting lipstick on a pig.โ
Ann Richards did much to boost the sayingโs political popularity when she used a number of variations while governor of Texas in the early โ90s. In 1991, in her first budget-writing session, she said, โThis is not another one of those deals where you put lipstick on a hog and call it a princess.โ The next year, at a Democratic barbecue in South Dakota, she criticized the George H.W. Bush administration for using warships to protect oil tankers in the Middle East, which she considered a hidden subsidy for foreign oil. โYou can put lipstick on a hog and call it Monique, but it is still a pig,โ she said.
Shlomo tells us that ืืฉื ืืคื ืืกืจืช ืืขื, a beautiful woman who lacks sense, is the same way. Her beauty is worthless. In terms of the metaphor, a person canโt do a few showy generous acts to make up for a lifetime of cruelty. And that is what ืื ืืื means.
ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืงื ืจืข: ืืื ืืจืื: ืฉืชื ืืืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืื: ืื ืืื ื ืืืืช, ืื ืืชื ืฆืืงื ืืืืจืช, ืื ืืื ืงื. ืื, ืืขืชืื ืืืื ืืงืืดื ืืืืจ ืืจืฉืขืื: ืฉื ื ืขืืืืืช ืืจืืชื ืืื, ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืื, ืืืื ืืงืื ืื ืฉืืจ. ืขืืฉืื, ืฉืื ืขืฉืืชื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืื, ืืชื ืืืงืฉืื ืฉืืจ?! ืื ืืื ืฉืืจืืชื ืฉืชื ืืืืื, ืืืืช ืขืืฉื ืขืืืจื ืืืืืช ืขืืฉื ืฆืืงื, ืืชืื โืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืงื ืจืขโ, ืืืชื ืกืืืจืื ืืืื ืฆื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืื ื?! ืื ืืื ืงื ืจืข!
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื: ืืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืจ ืขืืืจื, ืื ืชื ืืืื ื ืฉืืจื, ืืื ืืกืคืืง ืืฆืืช ืืคืชื ืืืชื ืขื ืฉืคืืข ืื ืขื ื ืืื, ืืืจ ืื: ืชื ืื ืฆืืงื. ื ืชื ืื ืืืื ืื, ืืืืจ ืืืชื ืืืืฉ โืืืืืื ืฉืจืฆื ืืงืืดื ืืืคืจ ืขื ืขืืื ืืชืื, ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืชื ืขื ื, ืฉืืชื ืื ืฆืืงื ืืืชืืคืจ ืื ืขื ืื ืฉืขืฉืืชืโ. ืืืืจ ืื ืืงืืดื: ืจืฉืข! ืื ืชืืฉืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืชื ืฉื ืฉืืื, ืฉืคืืจืฉ ืืืืจ โืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืงื ืจืขโ.
It is the overall consistency that matters. Those good deeds are the โืืจืขโ that will save the ืฆืืืง.
ืืื ืชืืืืช ื ื ื ื ืืืฉ ืฆืืืง:โฆืืืื ืฉืขืงืจ ืชืืืืืชืืื ืฉื ืฆืืืงืื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืื.
Be good always. Donโt put lipstick on a pig.