ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Inherit the Wind

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We are continuing in ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื.

ืชืื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืš ื˜ื•ื‘; ืชืงื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขื‘ืจื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื’

We are comparing the ืฆื“ื™ืง to the ืจืฉืข.

ืชืื•ืช: ืืš ืžืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืชืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืงื•ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื: ืœื”ืชืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื›ืขืก ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื“ื”, ืชืงืจื ืขื‘ืจื”.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื’

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื–ืดืœ ื›ืœ ืชืื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ โ€ืชืื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืš ื˜ื•ื‘โ€œ. โ€ืืšโ€œ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜; ื–ื” ืฉืžืžืขื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืขืกืงื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื˜ื•ื‘.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื˜:ื˜

The word ืืš doesnโ€™t just mean โ€œonlyโ€, but in this case ืืš ื˜ื•ื‘ means โ€œthe ultimate goodโ€.

ืœื ื ืชืื•ื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืขื›ื•ืดื. ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ืฉืื• ืื•ืชื ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื—. ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื”. ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื ื•ื’ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘:ื“

So the ืฆื“ื™ืง wants good things. But thereโ€™s another idea here about the nature of ืชืื•ื”, desire. ืชืงื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” doesnโ€™t necessarily mean that the ืจืฉืข wants anger; they want good for themselves as well as the ืฆื“ื™ืง does. But weโ€™ve mentioned Renรฉ Girard before, and his idea that we are social primates, so our desires are formed by what we observe others desiring. And that leads to conflict.

[Renรฉ] Girardโ€™s fundamental concept is โ€˜mimetic desireโ€™. Ever since Plato, students of human nature have highlighted the great mimetic capacity of human beings; that is, we are the species most apt at imitation. Indeed, imitation is the basic mechanism of learning (we learn inasmuch as we imitate what our teachers do)โ€ฆ

However, according to Girard, most thinking devoted to imitation pays little attention to the fact that we also imitate other peopleโ€™s desires, and depending on how this happens, it may lead to conflicts and rivalries. If people imitate each otherโ€™s desires, they may wind up desiring the very same things; and if they desire the same things, they may easily become rivals, as they reach for the same objectsโ€ฆ

In Girardโ€™s psychology, [mimetic] desire eventually lead[s] to rivalry and violence. Imitation eventually erases the differences among human beings, and inasmuch as people become similar to each other, they desire the same things, which leads to rivalries and a Hobbesian war of all against all. These rivalries soon bear the potential to threaten the very existence of communities. Thus, Girard asks: how is it possible for communities to overcome their internal strife?

Girard believes that, paradoxically, the problem of violence is frequently solved with a lesser dose of violence. When mimetic rivalries accumulate, tensions grow ever greater. But, that tension eventually reaches a paroxysm. When violence is at the point of threatening the existence of the community, very frequently a bizarre psychosocial mechanism arises: communal violence is all of the sudden projected upon a single individual. Thus, people that were formerly struggling, now unite efforts against someone chosen as a scapegoat. Former enemies now become friends, as they communally participate in the execution of violence against a specified enemy.

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Renรฉ Girard

The mishna says:

ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืงืคืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ืงื ืื” ื•ื”ืชืื•ื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื“:ื›ื

ืงื ืื” is Girardโ€™s mimetic desire. Itโ€™s not so much wanting what others have (thatโ€™s ื—ืžื“ื”, as in ืœื ืชื—ืžื•ื“); itโ€™s wanting what others want. Itโ€™s natural (thatโ€™s what a ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข is) and unavoidable, but you need to be conscious of it.

ืชืื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื: ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื•ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื”, ืฉื”ืžืชืื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืื•ื” ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื’

The ืฆื“ื™ืง has the strength to make it a ืชืื•ื” in this sense, not a ืชืงื•ื”. Then it will be ืืš ื˜ื•ื‘, lead to good.

ืงื ืืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืชืจื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื”.

ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื›ื‘,ื

While the ืจืฉืข also has the ืชืื•ื” but makes it a ืชืงื•ื”, leading to conflict. ืชืงื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืขื‘ืจื”.


Shlomo then turns to ืฆื“ืงื”.

ื™ืฉ ืžืคื–ืจ ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“; ื•ื—ืฉื‚ึตืš ืžื™ืฉืจ ืืš ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื“

He says the same thing in ืงื•ื”ืœืช:

ื ืฉืœื— ืœื—ืžืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื; ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืชืžืฆืื ื•ืƒ ื‘ ืชืŸ ื—ืœืง ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ื ื”; ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื“ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅืƒ

ืงื•ื”ืœืช ืคืจืง ื™ื

And the point is that ื™ืฉ ืžืคื–ืจ, there are those who scatter and profit; there are also those who do not profit from their generosity. There is a golden mean, the ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ in Rambamโ€™s terms.

ื•ืœื ื™ืงืคืฅ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื ื™ืคื–ืจ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืคื™ ืžืกืช ื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืœื•ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื:ื“

ืืดืจ ืื™ืœืขื: ื‘ืื•ืฉื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื•, ื”ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–, ืืœ ื™ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืžืฉ. ืชื ื™ื ื ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™: ื”ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– , ืืœ ื™ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืžืฉ, ืฉืžื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ,ื

ื™ืฉ ืžืคื–ืจ ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื•ื—ืฉืš ืžื™ื•ืฉืจ ืืš ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ: ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื“ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื–ืจื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžืดืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืœ ื™ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืžืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืืณ ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื•ื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ืคื–ืจื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืื‘ื“ ืžื”ื•ื ื• ื•ื–ื” ืขื›ืดืค ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืžืžื•ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ื ื•. ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื›ื ื‘ื”ืคืš, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคื–ืจ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืื‘ื“ ืžืžื•ื ื•, ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืดื™ ื”ืคื–ื•ืจ ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžืžื•ื ื•, ืฉืขื™ืดื› ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืœื•ื• ืœื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืืžืŸ ืืฆืœื ื•ืขื™ืดื› ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฉืจื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืคื–ืจ ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืš ืžื™ื•ืฉืจ ืขืดื™ ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืš ืžื—ืกืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืดื™ ื”ื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆืจืช ืขื™ื ื• ื™ื‘ืจื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื™ื›ืœื” ืžืžื•ื ื• ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขืžื•, ื•ืื ืžืฆื“ ืขื ืฉื™ ื”ืณ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื“

He continues in the same vein:

ื›ื” ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชื“ืฉืŸ; ื•ืžืจื•ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจืืƒ ื›ื• ืžื ืข ื‘ืจ ื™ืงื‘ื”ื• ืœืื•ื; ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืจืืฉ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจืƒ ื›ื– ืฉื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ; ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืจืขื” ืชื‘ื•ืื ื•ืƒ ื›ื— ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืขืฉืจื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื•ืœ; ื•ื›ืขืœื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืคืจื—ื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื

Yes, you need to stick to the ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, but most people need reminding to be more generous, not less.

Note that Shlomo is appealing to selfishness to encourage generosity: you can do well by doing good. Heโ€™s not saying here to be good because ื”ืณ wants it, but thatโ€™s OK (ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื’,ื‘)โ€Ž: ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžื” ื‘ื” ืœืฉืžื”.

The ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื adds that there is a spiritual profit as well:

ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ืโ€”ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืกืคื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ืื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉืืžืจ: ืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธื™ึดื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐืจึนื‘ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึดืžึฐืฆึธืึถื ึผื•ึผ. ื•ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ืจืข ื—ืกื“โ€”ืงื•ืฆืจ ืชื‘ื•ืืชื•. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืฉืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื™ึตืฉื ืžึฐืคึทื–ึผึตืจ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืกึธืฃ ืขื•ึนื“; ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื—:ื›ื–): ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธืจึธืฉื ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื—ึฐืกื•ึนืจ. ื•ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื‘:ื˜): ืคึผึดื–ึผึทืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ืโ€”ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืชื•ึน ืขึนืžึถื“ึถืช ืœึธืขึทื“.

ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื–:ื”

I find the ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื to be a fascinating sefer because of its history. It first appeared in the 15th century.

Orechos Tzadikim is an anonymous mussar sefer that has enjoyed a lasting impact on Judaism. It is surprising that the sefer was never attributed to anyone. Publishers and men of letters usually guess at the authorโ€™s name of an anonymous sefer, even if they are wrongโ€ฆ

Orechos Tzadikim draws heavily on earlier sources, often quoting them verbatim. While today this would be considered plagiarism, in those times of hand-copied manuscripts, the standards of attribution were different. (Scholars trace the origin of the constantly evolving sense of authorial ownership to the eighteenth century.)โ€ฆ

What we can state with certainty is that the author lived in or after the early 14th century. Despite being influenced by the German Chasidim, he was a follower of the French Baโ€™alei Ha-Tosafos. We can suggest that the author lived in the late 14th century in France or among French exiles, but not in Germany or Spain.

Gil Student, The Mystery of Orechos Tzadikim

โ€ฆBut there were other indicators for the theory that the author of the OZ was a woman. Those Chazal statements quoted are nearly all ones that entered common parlance; in a culture where a man is expected to master shas, the author doesnโ€™t prove his credentials as an expert in Talmud. The topic was one being neglected by men at the time, which could be an argument that it was by a woman for women, or that it was an attempt to break through that neglect. The anonymity is not startling among Mussar books, as you note, but it would be mandatory for a woman trying to publish then-and-there.

Micha Berger, commenting on Rabbi Studentโ€™s article above

And Shlomo ends this section with ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืขืฉืจื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื•ืœ; ื•ื›ืขืœื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืคืจื—ื•, which makes a point about wealth.

ืชื ื™ื: ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืงืคืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืื“ื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื” ื–ื• [ืจืฉืดื™: ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื•ืช], ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืโ€”ื‘ื ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืื ื‘ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืโ€”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•:ื™):[ื ึธืชื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืจึทืข ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืœื•ึน] ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐืœึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ: ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ืฉื‘ืช ืงื ื,ื‘

ื•ื›ืขืœื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืคืจื—ื•: ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืจืง ื›ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื™ืงืจ; ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืœื” ืืขืดืค ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืื—ืดื› ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืžื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืคืจื—ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืขืดืค ืฉื ืคืœื• ื›ืขืœื” ื™ืคืจื—ื•.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืจืดื ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื™, ื™ื:ื›ื—

Then Shlomo turns to family:

ืขื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ื ื—ืœ ืจื•ื—; ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ืœ ืœื—ื›ื ืœื‘ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื˜

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืืœ ืœื•ื™ ืขื›ืจืชื ืืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ืื™ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื›ื ืขื ื™ ื•ื‘ืคืจื–ื™; ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื•ื ืืกืคื• ืขืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื ื™ ื•ื ืฉืžื“ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืชื™ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื“:ืœ

I know the expression โ€œinherit the windโ€ from the play about the Scopes trial, about teaching evolution:

Inherit the Wind is an American play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee, which debuted in Dallas under the direction of Margo Jones in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes โ€œMonkeyโ€ Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trialsโ€ฆ

The playโ€™s title comes from Proverbs 11:29โ€ฆ

In Act Two, Scene One, Brady admonishes Reverend Brown with this Bible quote for alienating his daughter when he gives a fiery sermon against Cates.

Wikipedia, Inherit the Wind (play)

The title reflects the consequences of causing discord and conflict within oneโ€™s community or society. In the context of the play, it suggests that those who stir up trouble by resisting progress and enlightenment (like the characters opposing the teaching of evolution) will ultimately gain nothing but emptiness and chaos.

Microsoft Copilot AI explaining the title (asked on 2025-03-16)

ืจื•ื— is used in the sense of ื”ื‘ืœ in ืงื•ื”ืœืช; a passing wind that has no permanence or significance. Malbim takes this metaphorically; ื‘ื™ืชื• refers to ones own life.

ืขื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ื ื—ืœ ืจื•ื—: ืขื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื”ืจืก ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœื™ื•, ืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื” ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื ื—ืœ ืจื•ื—. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžืขื•ื ืชื”, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื“:ื’) ื‘ึผึฐื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึธื” ื™ึดื‘ึผึธื ึถื” ื‘ึผึธื™ึดืช ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื” ื™ึดืชึฐื›ึผื•ึนื ึธืŸ, (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื“:ื“) ื•ึผื‘ึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื—ึฒื“ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื”ื•ึนืŸ ื™ึธืงึธืจ ื•ึฐื ึธืขึดื™ื, ืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืืฉืจ ืืกืฃ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืื™ืš ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืฆื ื•ืžืกื“ืจื, ื›ืŸ ืื•ืกืฃ ื›ืœ ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืขืดื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ื•ืขืช ื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื•ืช ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื ืื™ืโ€ฆืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ืโ€ฆื•ืื– ื™ื ื—ืœ ืจื•ื— ื•ืื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื” ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืจืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืกื•ืขืจ ื•ืžืขืœื” ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืคื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉืื”ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•.

ื•ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉืœ ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ืœ ืœื—ื›ื ืœื‘, ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื›ื ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉื›ื— ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• (ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื‘) ืžื•ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื—ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื™ืคื ื” ืžื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืงืจ ื•ื ืขื™ื. ื•ื”ืื•ื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš ืžืžื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืœื—ื›ื ืœื‘, ื›ืขื ื™ ื•ื“ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื›ื˜

Now we have a new point. Up to now, we have taken ืฆื“ื™ืง and ื—ื›ื as near-synonymous. But they arenโ€™t the same.

ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื; ื•ืœืงื— ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื—ื›ืืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ืœ

ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื•ืงื— ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื—ื›ื: ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื”ื—ื›ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืืกืฃ ื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืดื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“โ€ฆ

ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื›ืขืฅ ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืจื™โ€ฆื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืคืจื™? ืžืขืœืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ื”ืคืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื—ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ืœ

Avraham was a ืœืงื— ื ืคืฉื•ืช in his first career as an evangelist:

ื•ื™ืงื— ืื‘ืจื ืืช ืฉืจื™ ืืฉืชื• ื•ืืช ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื ืืฉืจ ืจื›ืฉื• ื•ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ืจืŸ; ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘:ื”

ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ืจืŸ: ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชื—ืช ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”; ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื’ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืจื” ืžื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืœื• ืขืฉืื•ื.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘:ื”

But Shlomo is saying (in the reading of the Malbim) that it wasnโ€™t enough. Book One of ืžืฉืœื™ was about learning ื—ื›ืžื”, while Book Two is about being a ืฆื“ื™ืง, because only that lasts.

ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื›ืžืชื•, ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื’:ื˜

And we see that Avrahamโ€™s ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ืจืŸ were lost to history:

ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืืจืช ืืฉืจ ื—ืคืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื• ืกืชืžื•ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื™ืžืœืื•ื ืขืคืจ: ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืณ ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืจืžื– ืœื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืงืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืกืชื•ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ืคื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ื™ืืžืจ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื ืื” ืกืชืžื•ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืชืžื• ืืช ืœื‘ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื•ื ืœืกื•ืจืโ€ฆ

ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื•:ื˜ื•

The โ€œTorahโ€ of Avraham is lost. The ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื that he transmitted lasts forever.

ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื•ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืฉืžืจื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืณ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜; ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืณ ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—:ื™ื˜

And we end the perek with a statement about justice.

ื”ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืœื; ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืจืฉืข ื•ื—ื•ื˜ืืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ืœื

Do the right thing. It will pay off in the end.