ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Fear of Abandonment

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We are almost done with all of ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื. There are two authors of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื whose compositions we still need to complete. The first is ืืกืฃ, Davidโ€™s chief musician, leaders of the Levites who sang in Jerusalem. We looked at many of his compositions in Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes and the following shiurim.

ื•ื™ืขื–ื‘ ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืณ ืœืืกืฃ ื•ืœืื—ื™ื•; ืœืฉืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื–:ืœื–

Asaf was more than a poet:

ืœื‘ื ื™ ืืกืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื ืชื ื™ื” ื•ืืฉืจืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ืืกืฃ; ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืืกืฃ ื”ึทื ึผึดื‘ึผึธื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื”:ื‘

ื”ื ื‘ื: ืขืœ ืืกืฃ ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื‘ื ื‘ืจื”ืดืง ืขืดื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื™ืฉื™ืจื• ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉื

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœืœื•ื™ื ืœื”ืœืœ ืœื”ืณ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื•ืืกืฃ ื”ื—ื–ื”; ื•ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื™ืงื“ื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ื›ื˜:ืœ

As a ื ื‘ื™ื, Asafโ€™s tehillim tend to be harsher than Davidโ€™s. He is either bringing the word of G-d to the people, as a rebuke, or bringing the word of the people to G-d, pleading for mercy. ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“ is no exception.

ื”ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืง ืžืชื‘ืœื˜ ื›ืื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื ื”. ื•ืืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื” ืžืชืœื•ื” ื’ื ืชืœื•ื ื” ืžืจื”, ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื”ื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืจืฉื” ื”ืณ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ืขืžื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืขืžื•. ื”ืคืจืง ืคื•ืชื— ื‘โ€ืœืžื” ืืœืงื™ื ื–ื ื—ืช ืœื ืฆื—?!โ€œ ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉื•ื‘: โ€ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื—ืจืฃ ืฆืจ? ื™ื ืืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืš ืœื ืฆื—? ืœืžื” ืชืฉื™ื‘ ื™ื“ืš ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืš?โ€œ

ืคื™ื‘ืœ ืžืœืฆืจ, ืคื ื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“

Letโ€™s look at this ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื•ื”ื˜ื”.

ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืืกืฃ;
ืœืžื” ืืœืงื™ื ื–ื ื—ืช ืœื ืฆื—; ื™ืขืฉืŸ ืืคืš ื‘ืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชืšืƒ
ื‘ ื–ื›ืจ ืขื“ืชืš ืงื ื™ืช ืงื“ื ื’ืืœืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ื—ืœืชืš;
ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื›ื ืช ื‘ื•ืƒ
ื’ ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ืš ืœืžืฉืื•ืช ื ืฆื—; ื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืงื“ืฉืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“

We have discussed the idea that we can read ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื in two different ways: one, as a complilation edited by David himself, and the other, as a much later compilation.

ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื–ืงื ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืœืžืœื ืืกืžื™ื• ืชื‘ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืœื™ ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื, ื›ืžื• ืชืคืœื” ืœืžืฉื” ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืœืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•, ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœืžื”, ืขืœ ืฉื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”), ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืžื ืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ ืœืืœืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•), ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื ืก ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘, ื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืืกืฃ ืขืœ ื ืก ื–ื” (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื•), ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืื™ืชืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื™ื“ื•ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—, ืขื“ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืกื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืจืคืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืณ ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื– ื•ึพืคื”).

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ืชื”ืœื™ื, ื”ืงื“ืžื”

ืื•ืœื ืืฆืœื ื• ืืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืžืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืจืžื– ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆืคื• ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ื•ืืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืขืช ืฉื™ืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ืชื”ืœื™ื,ื”ืขืจื” ืœื”ืงื“ืžื”

This is one of those perakim that we could read either as mourning of the destruction of the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, or we could read it as contemporary with David, as a prophetic warning. Asaf is telling us that the greatness of the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ that is to be built is no guarantee that it will last forever. We looked at another ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœืืกืฃ in Politically Incorrect that explicitly warns of this.

ื ื˜ ืฉืžืข ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื™ืชืขื‘ืจ; ื•ื™ืžืืก ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ืก ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•; ืื”ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืืƒ ืกื ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื™ ืขื–ื•; ื•ืชืคืืจืชื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืฆืจืƒ ืกื‘ ื•ื™ืกื’ืจ ืœื—ืจื‘ ืขืžื•; ื•ื‘ื ื—ืœืชื• ื”ืชืขื‘ืจืƒ ืกื’ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื• ืื›ืœื” ืืฉ; ื•ื‘ืชื•ืœืชื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืƒ ืกื“ ื›ื”ื ื™ื• ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื ืคืœื•; ื•ืืœืžื ืชื™ื• ืœื ืชื‘ื›ื™ื ื”ืƒโ€ฆ ืกื– ื•ื™ืžืืก ื‘ืื”ืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ; ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืืคืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ื—ืจืƒ ืกื— ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”; ืืช ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื—

In this perek, Asaf asks that ื”ืณ remember three things: first, ืขื“ืชืš ืงื ื™ืช; as we said in Days of Yore, ืงื ื” here doesnโ€™t mean โ€œacquiredโ€, it means โ€œmadeโ€:

ืงื ื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ: ื•ืœืดื  ืžืœืช ืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื ื”.

ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“:ื™ื˜

Second, ื’ืืœืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ื—ืœืชืš, You saved us from Egyptian slavery with ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื, with signs and wonders (those ืื•ืชื•ืช will come up again later):

ืื• ื”ื ืกื” ืืœืงื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืœื• ื’ื•ื™ ืžืงืจื‘ ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืช ื‘ืืชืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจืื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื; ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื›ื ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“:ืœื“

Third, ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื›ื ืช ื‘ื•, You allowed us to build the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, Your footstool, the place that is the center of Your manifestation on earth. And now, You have/will have allowed it to be destroyed.

ื“ ืฉืื’ื• ืฆืจืจื™ืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืขื“ืš; ืฉืžื• ืื•ืชืชื ืืชื•ืชืƒ
ื” ื™ึดื•ึผึธื“ึทืข ื›ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”; ื‘ืกื‘ืš ืขืฅ ืงืจื“ืžื•ืชืƒ
ื• ื•ืขืช (ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื”) ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื” ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืœืคื•ืช ื™ื”ืœืžื•ืŸืƒ
ื– ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ืืฉ ืžืงื“ืฉืš; ืœืืจืฅ ื—ืœืœื• ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžืšืƒ
ื— ืืžืจื• ื‘ืœื‘ื ื ื™ื ื ื™ื—ื“; ืฉืจืคื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ืึพืœ ื‘ืืจืฅืƒ
ื˜ ืื•ืชืชื™ื ื• ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•; ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื ื‘ื™ื; ื•ืœื ืึดืชึผึธื ื•ึผ ื™ื“ืข ืขื“ ืžื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“

ืื•ืชืชื ืืชื•ืช, their signs were signs. Asaf cries that they get ืื•ืชื•ืช and we donโ€™t. That is proof that You have abandoned us: the miracles all work for the enemy.

ื•ื›ื“ ืฉืžืข ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ ืžืœื›ื ื“ื‘ื‘ืœ ื“ืื™ืชื›ื‘ื™ืฉืช ืงืจืชื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื, ื›ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ื•ืชื ื“ื›ืกื“ืื™ ื•ืืชื ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื. ืžื ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืŸ ืงื“ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื™ืชื™ื” ื“ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื›ื“ ืื™ืฉืชืœื— ืžืœืื›ื ืขืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื ื•ืงื˜ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืชืžื ื™ ืกืจื™ ืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืžืฉื ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืคืจืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืื™ืฉืชื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื™ืชื™ื” ื“ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื—ื•ื“ื•ื™. ื•ื ืคืงืช ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืช ืงืœื ื•ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ ืžืœื›ื ื“ื‘ื‘ืœ ืงื•ื ืื–ื™ืœ ื•ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื‘ืœื” ื‘ืืจืข ื—ืžืช. (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื:ื›ื•) ืงึดืœึฐืงึทืœ ื‘ึผึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื ืฉืึธืึทืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืจึธืคึดื™ื; ืฉื“ื ื’ื™ืจื ืœืžืขืจื‘ื ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื ืคืœ ืœื’ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื.

ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืœืืกืชืจ ื:ื‘

ืฉืžื• ืื•ืชื•ืชื ืื•ืชื•ืช: ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื ื• ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื ื˜ืœื• ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื•ืช: ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื:ื›ื•) [ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืžึทื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธื‘ึถืœ ืึถืœ ืึตื ื”ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึดื™ื ืœึดืงึฐืกื‡ื ืงึธืกึถื] ืงึดืœึฐืงึทืœ ื‘ึผึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื [ืฉืึธืึทืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืจึธืคึดื™ื ืจึธืึธื” ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“]. ื•ื›ืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“:ื‘

ื”ืณ warns us in the Torah that ืื•ืชื•ืช arenโ€™t proof of truth:

ื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืš ื ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื—ืœื ื—ืœื•ื; ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœื™ืš ืื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืคืชืƒ ื’ ื•ื‘ื ื”ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืช ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ืš ืœืืžืจ; ื ืœื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ืืƒ ื“ ืœื ืชืฉืžืข ืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืื• ืืœ ื—ื•ืœื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื; ื›ื™ ืžื ืกื” ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ืืชื›ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื›ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื›ืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื’

But it is still very hard to withstand.

ื™ ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื—ืจืฃ ืฆืจ; ื™ื ืืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืš ืœื ืฆื—ืƒ
ื™ื ืœืžื” ืชืฉื™ื‘ ื™ื“ืš ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืš; ืžืงืจื‘ ื—ื•ืงืš (ื—ึตื™ืงึฐืšึธ) ื›ืœื”ืƒ
ื™ื‘ ื•ืืœืงื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ ืžืงื“ื; ืคืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅืƒ
ื™ื’ ืืชื” ืคื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขื–ืš ื™ื; ืฉื‘ืจืช ืจืืฉื™ ืชื ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืืƒ
ื™ื“ ืืชื” ืจืฆืฆืช ืจืืฉื™ ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ; ืชืชื ื ื• ืžืื›ืœ ืœืขื ืœืฆื™ื™ืืƒ
ื˜ื• ืืชื” ื‘ืงืขืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืœ; ืืชื” ื”ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“

Weโ€™ve talked in The King and I about the image of ื”ืณ controlling the water as a metaphor for creation, imposing order on chaos. But here it is specific to what was mentioned above: ื’ืืœืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ื—ืœืชืš. This is a reference to ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื and ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.

ื“ ืžืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื—ื™ืœื• ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื; ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœืฉื™ื• ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃืƒ ื” ืชื”ืžืช ื™ื›ืกื™ืžื•; ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืœืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืŸืƒ ื• ื™ืžื™ื ืš ื”ืณ ื ืื“ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื—; ื™ืžื™ื ืš ื”ืณ ืชืจืขืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

That is the ื™ื“ืš ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืš that ื”ืณ is hiding now. The ืชื ื™ื ื™ื and ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ are explicitly symbols of Egypt.

ื’ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืืžืจืช ื›ื” ืืžืจ ืื“ื ึพื™ ื”ืณ ื”ื ื ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ืคืจืขื” ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืชื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืืจื™ื•; ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื™ืืจื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื ื™ืƒ ื“ ื•ื ืชืชื™ ื—ื—ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงืชื™ ื“ื’ืช ื™ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉืชื™ืš; ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ืš ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืืจื™ืš ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื’ืช ื™ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉืชื™ืš ืชื“ื‘ืงืƒ ื” ื•ื ื˜ืฉืชื™ืš ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื” ืื•ืชืš ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื’ืช ื™ืืจื™ืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืชืคื•ืœ ืœื ืชืืกืฃ ื•ืœื ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืœื—ื™ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื ืชืชื™ืš ืœืื›ืœื”ืƒ

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืคืจืง ื›ื˜

And Egyptโ€™s power is in its river, and the ultimate punishment will be the destruction of the Nile:

ื˜ื• ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืณ ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ืฃ ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ืจื•ื—ื•; ื•ื”ื›ื”ื• ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื ืขืœื™ืืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกืœื” ืœืฉืืจ ืขืžื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืืฉื•ืจ; ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืœืชื• ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ืืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ื™ื

Asaf is asking ื”ืณ, what happened to all those miracles we re-enact every ืคืกื—? Now, not only do we not see miracles rescuing us, we see miracles destroying us.

The tone then changes. Asaf acknowleges that ื”ืณ is in control of what happens in our lives, both good and bad, in times both quiet and exciting.

ื˜ื– ืœืš ื™ื•ื ืืฃ ืœืš ืœื™ืœื”; ืืชื” ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžืฉืƒ
ื™ื– ืืชื” ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืืจืฅ; ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื—ืจืฃ ืืชื” ื™ืฆืจืชืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“

ืœืš ื™ื•ื: ื’ืื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืืฃ ืœืš ืœื™ืœื”: ื•ืขืžืš ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“:ื˜ื–

ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื”โ€”ื‘ืœื™ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืกืขืจื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•โ€”ืžืคืกื— ื•ื”ืœืื”โ€”ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื’ื ืื ื ืœืงื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื˜ืดื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืšโ€ฆ

ื”ืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืŸึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ืœืฅ, ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”

ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ื—ืฉืš ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ืจืข; ืื ื™ ื”ืณ ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืืœื”ืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื”:ื–

And so ืืกืฃ asks ื”ืณ to remember that the enemies of Israel are the enemies of G-d Himself.

ื™ื— ื–ื›ืจ ื–ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืณ; ื•ืขื ื ื‘ืœ ื ืืฆื• ืฉืžืšืƒ
ื™ื˜ ืืœ ืชืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ืช ื ืคืฉ ืชื•ืจืš; ื—ื™ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืš ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื ืฆื—ืƒ
ื› ื”ื‘ื˜ ืœื‘ืจื™ืช; ื›ื™ ืžืœืื• ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ื ึฐืื•ึนืช ื—ืžืกืƒ
ื›ื ืืœ ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืš ื ื›ืœื; ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžืšืƒ
ื›ื‘ ืงื•ืžื” ืืœืงื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ืš; ื–ื›ืจ ื—ืจืคืชืš ืžื ื™ ื ื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื“

Asaf canโ€™t demand that ื”ืณ save us, but this battle is ื”ืณ's battle. We will fulfill our responsibilities even as we feel that we are overwhelmed.

ื›ื’ ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืงื•ืœ ืฆืจืจื™ืš; ืฉืื•ืŸ ืงืžื™ืš ืขืœื” ืชืžื™ื“ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“:ื›ื’

ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ืฉืœืฉ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื•, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ:โ€ฆื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™โ€ฆ

ื™ื•ืžื ื›,ื‘

This is an allegory which illustrates the universal dominion of Rome, whose influence is so great that it overwhelms all other cultures and ideologies. Thus, Rome threatens to eradicate G-dโ€™s Presence from the earth.

Artscroll Tehillim 74:23

The perek ends, not on a point of hope, but of resolve. Our voice, the ืขื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืžืš, remains the ืงื•ืœ ื“ืžืžื” ื“ืงื”, the voice of ื”ืณ in the world.

The next perek I want to look at has a very similar theme, asking ื”ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื— ืื“ื ึพื™?

ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืฆืจื”โ€”ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืฆืจื”โ€”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืกืฃ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืขืง ื•ืชื•ื”ื”โ€”ื”ืืžื ื ื ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆื—? ื”ืื ื ื•ืชืจื” ืชืงื•ื•ื”?

ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื–ื”ื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” [ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•] ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืžื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื“, ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื”.

ื”ืจื‘ ื“ืดืจ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืœืืŸ ื ืขืœืžื• ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื

ื ืœืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืชื•ืŸ (ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืชื•ึผืŸ); ืœืืกืฃ ืžื–ืžื•ืจืƒ
ื‘ ืงื•ืœื™ ืืœ ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืืฆืขืงื”; ืงื•ืœื™ ืืœ ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ืƒ
ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจืชื™ ืื“ื ึพื™ ื“ืจืฉืชื™;
ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื ื’ืจื” ื•ืœื ืชืคื•ื’; ืžืื ื” ื”ื ื—ื ื ืคืฉื™ืƒ
ื“ ืื–ื›ืจื” ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืื”ืžื™ื”; ืืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืชืชืขื˜ืฃ ืจื•ื—ื™ ืกืœื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื–

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•ืชื•ืŸ: ืขืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื–:ื

This perek starts out even more depressing than the previous one.

ื‘ื™ื•ื: ื”ื’ื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืฆืจื” ื“ืจืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืณ ื•ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืจื™ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฆืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืดื–

ื‘ืœื™ืœื”: ื™ื“ื™ ื ื’ืจื”, ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ื ื’ืจื” ื•ื–ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืœื ืชืคื•ื’ ืžืœื™ื’ืจโ€ฆื•ืขืดื› ืžืื ื” ื”ื ื—ื ื ืคืฉื™, ื›ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ ืื–ืœืช ื™ื“, ืฉื™ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื–ืจื• ื ื—ืœืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื›ื—.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื–:ื’

I am crying to ื”ืณ but there is no answer; the more I pray the more despondent I become. I remember how good things were, but now it seems that You have abandoned me. This is the same theme as the previous perek.

ื” ืื—ื–ืช ืฉืžืจื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™; ื ืคืขืžืชื™ ื•ืœื ืื“ื‘ืจืƒ
ื• ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืืƒ
ื– ืื–ื›ืจื” ื ื’ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”; ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืืฉื™ื—ื”; ื•ื™ื—ืคืฉ ืจื•ื—ื™ืƒ
ื— ื”ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื— ืื“ื ึพื™; ื•ืœื ื™ืกื™ืฃ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืƒ
ื˜ ื”ืืคืก ืœื ืฆื— ื—ืกื“ื•; ื’ืžืจ ืืžืจ ืœื“ืจ ื•ื“ืจืƒ
ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื— ื—ื ื•ืช ืึพืœ; ืื ืงืคืฅ ื‘ืืฃ ืจื—ืžื™ื• ืกืœื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื–

ื•ืจืณ ื™ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืณ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืืžืจ: ืืžืจื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื! ื ื–ื›ืจืช ืื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืจืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ื“ืืช ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœื—:ื›) ื•ึผื ึฐื’ึดื ื•ึนืชึทื™ ื ึฐื ึทื’ึผึตืŸ ื›ึผื‡ืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ืณ.

ืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื™ื–:ื

As John Lennon said,

Yesterday All my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though theyโ€™re here to stay

Beatles, Yesterday

The volta turns to a theme that comes up often in ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื: the fault is ours. ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, it is my sickness.

ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸืƒ
ื™ื‘ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ (ืึถื–ึฐื›ึผื•ึนืจ) ืžืขืœืœื™ ื™ึพื”; ื›ื™ ืื–ื›ืจื” ืžืงื“ื ืคืœืืšืƒ
ื™ื’ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขืœืš; ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ืš ืืฉื™ื—ื”ืƒ
ื™ื“ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืงื“ืฉ ื“ืจื›ืš; ืžื™ ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืœืงื™ืืƒ
ื˜ื• ืืชื” ื”ืึพืœ ืขืฉื” ืคืœื; ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื ืขื–ืšืƒ
ื˜ื– ื’ืืœืช ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืขืžืš; ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกืœื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื–

The midrash says that ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื refers to our ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื, and therefore You changed your attitude to us:

ืืดืจ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™: ื ืชื—ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื›ืจืชื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ ื•ื ืฉืชื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ.

ืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื ื™ื–:ื‘

ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจ โ€ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ืโ€œโ€ฆื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื ื™ ืžืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ื™ ื”ืœื ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืกื“, ื•ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ืœื•ืชื ื•โ€ฆ

ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืึพืœ, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื–:ื™ื

ื—ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื and therefore ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ; that is the answer to the previous perekโ€™s question, ืœืžื” ืชืฉื™ื‘ ื™ื“ืš ื•ื™ืžื™ื ืš?

Then Asaf comes back to ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ as the model for ื’ืื•ืœื”.

ื™ื– ืจืื•ืš ืžื™ื ืืœืงื™ื ืจืื•ืš ืžื™ื ื™ื—ื™ืœื•; ืืฃ ื™ืจื’ื–ื• ืชื”ืžื•ืชืƒ
ื™ื— ื–ืจืžื• ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ื ืชื ื• ืฉื—ืงื™ื; ืืฃ ื—ืฆืฆื™ืš ื™ืชื”ืœื›ื•ืƒ
ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืœ ืจืขืžืš ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื• ื‘ืจืงื™ื ืชื‘ืœ; ืจื’ื–ื” ื•ืชืจืขืฉ ื”ืืจืฅืƒ
ื› ื‘ื™ื ื“ืจื›ืš ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืš (ื•ึผืฉึฐืื‘ึดื™ืœึฐืšึธ) ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื; ื•ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ืœื ื ื“ืขื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืขื–

The perek ends on an ambiguous note:

ื ื—ื™ืช ื›ืฆืืŸ ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื–:ื›ื

It is clearly a reference to ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื:

ื ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ืš ืขื ื–ื• ื’ืืœืช; ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืขื–ืš ืืœ ื ื•ื” ืงื“ืฉืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ื•:ื™ื’

The Alshich says it is actually a statement about the future:

ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื“ื” ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ืืจืฅโ€ฆื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืื™ื” ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื ืื™ืโ€ฆื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืืžืจื• (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื‘:ื‘) ื–ึธื›ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื ึฐืขื•ึผืจึทื™ึดืšึฐโ€ฆื•ื–ื” ื™ืืžืจ โ€ื ื—ื™ืช ื›ืฆืืŸ ืขืžืšโ€œ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ ื›ืฆืืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื’ื ืื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืชื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•.

ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืึพืœ, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขื–:ื›ื

We hope for a future as bright as the past. And so this perek ends on a hopeful note; it is a ืžื–ืžื•ืจ rather than a ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ. The answer to ื”ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ื–ื ื— ืื“ื ึพื™ is no: we remain ื›ืฆืืŸ ืขืžืš ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ.