ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Silence is Golden

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We are continuing to look at ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ืณ.

ื™ื– ืืจื— ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืกืจ; ื•ืขื–ื‘ ืชื•ื›ื—ืช ืžืชืขื”ืƒ
ื™ื— ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ืื” ืฉืคืชื™ ืฉืงืจ; ื•ืžื•ืฆื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืกื™ืœืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™

The first pasuk is an introduction; not really anything new. The mussar message is in ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื—. What makes it stand out is that it is one of those psukim that are not antithetical; it does not contrast the good and the bad. Here, both sides are bad.

ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ืื”: ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ื–ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืคืชื™ ืฉืงืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื•ื”ื‘.

ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื”: ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ืขืกื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื– ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืœื ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ืžื•ืžื• ืคื•ืกืœ.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื™ื—

We see both of these concepts in Yosefโ€™s relationship with his brothers:

ื‘ ืืœื” ืชืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื” ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฆืืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื”ื” ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื–ืœืคื” ื ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ื•; ื•ื™ื‘ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื“ื‘ืชื ืจืขื” ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ืืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื•; ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื›ืชื ืช ืคืกื™ืืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืจืื• ืื—ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืืชื• ืื”ื‘ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื ืื• ืืชื•; ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืœืืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ืœื–

ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืœื•ื: ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื ื•ืชื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื‘ื—ื, ืฉืœื ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื” ื•ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–:ื“

Rashi praises them for not lying, but ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ points out that this will lead to ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื”:โ€Ž ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ืžืจืื” ื›ืขืกื•. And in fact you can (and even should) lie in order to make peace:

ืื ื™ ื–ืงื ืชื™: ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—:ื™ื‘) ื•ึทืื“ึนื ึดื™ ื–ึธืงึตืŸ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—:ื™ื’

ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืจืงื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื”? ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื›ืœื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื; ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื›ืœื” ื ืื” ื•ื—ืกื•ื“ื”. ืืžืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ: ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื’ืจืช ืื• ืกื•ืžื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื” ื›ืœื” ื ืื” ื•ื—ืกื•ื“ื”? ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžืจื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’:ื–) ืžึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ืชึผึดืจึฐื—ึธืง. ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™: ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื›ื ืžื™ ืฉืœืงื— ืžืงื— ืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืื• ื™ื’ื ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•?

ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื–,ื‘-ื™ื–,ื

ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™: โ€ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืจืงื“ ืœืคื ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœืก ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื—, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื“ืงื“ืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ื—ื” ืืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืœืฉื‘ื—ื” ื‘ืžื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™โ€œ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”. ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘ืดื ื‘ื–ื”: โ€ื“ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจ ืชืจื—ืงโ€œ, ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืฉืงืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื.

ืขืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ โ€ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืจืงื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื”โ€œ

So how do I understand Shlomo, who says ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ืื” ืฉืคืชื™ ืฉืงืจ? The difference, obviously, is in the motivation: ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื versus ืฉื ืื”. Suppressing hate, not out of a desire for peace, but to facilitate revenge, is a mistake.

ื™ื– ืœื ืชืฉื ื ืืช ืื—ื™ืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ืš; ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืžื™ืชืš ื•ืœื ืชืฉื ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื˜ืืƒ ื™ื— ืœื ืชืงื ื•ืœื ืชื˜ืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืš ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ืœืจืขืš ื›ืžื•ืš; ืื ื™ ื”ืณืƒ

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

And the other side, ืžื•ืฆื ื“ื‘ื”, is also wrong:

ืืช ื“ื‘ืชื ืจืขื”: ื›ืœ ืจืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืื—ื™ื•โ€ฆื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ื“ ืœืื‘ื™ื•: ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ื•ืžื–ืœื–ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืชืŸ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœืฉืชืŸ ืœืงื”: ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืฉืขื™ืจ ืขื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืชื• ื•ืœื ืื›ืœื•ื”ื• ื—ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ื” ืฉืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืื—ื™ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืขื‘ื“ ื ืžื›ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื, โ€ื•ืชืฉื ืืฉืช ืื“ื ื™ื• ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€œ.

ื“ื‘ืชื: ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื” ืคืจืœื“ื™ืดืฅ ื‘ืœืขื– [parladiz, talk about, gossip]; ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืจืขื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–:ื‘

I have seen (though I canโ€™t track down the source) that the aggadah describes Yoseph misinterpreting what he saw. They werenโ€™t really ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ or ืžื–ืœื–ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช or involved with ืขืจื™ื•ืช. It was what we said last time (in Dad Jokes) (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื™ื‘)โ€Ž ืฉื ืื” ืชืขืจืจ ืžื“ื ื™ื. When there is ืฉื ืื”, we interpret everything in the worst possible light. Even though what Yosef reported was true, it was still wrong.

ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืกื™ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ื“ ืืžืช ื™ืงืจื โ€ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ื”โ€œ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึตื ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืึถืช ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึธืชึธื ืจึธืขึธื” ืึถืœ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ึถื.

ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ, ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’:ืœื‘

Our pasuk is concerned with ืžื•ืฆื ื“ื‘ื”, but the line is more subtle than you might imagine. The spies were ืžื•ืฆื ื“ื‘ื”, lying, but they were still telling the truth:

ื›ื– ื•ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื‘ืื ื• ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ืชื ื•; ื•ื’ื ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ืคืจื™ื”ืƒ ื›ื— ืืคืก ื›ื™ ืขื– ื”ืขื ื”ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืื“ ื•ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืืƒโ€ฆืœื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื• ื“ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชืจื• ืืชื” ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ; ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืจ ืืชื” ืืจืฅ ืื›ืœืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืื ืฉื™ ืžื“ื•ืชืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื™ื’

ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื: ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืงืฆืช ืืžืช ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’:ื›ื–

And as with Yosef, ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ื”, while telling the truth, can still be lying.

So Shlomo tells us to just be quiet:

ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื“ืœ ืคืฉืข; ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืคืชื™ื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืœืƒ
ื› ื›ืกืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง; ืœื‘ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ืƒ
ื›ื ืฉืคืชื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืจืขื• ืจื‘ื™ื; ื•ืื•ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืกืจ ืœื‘ ื™ืžื•ืชื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™

Shlomo tells us that the ืฆื“ื™ืง doesnโ€™t talk too much, so that all their words are like silver and support others (ื™ืจืขื• ืจื‘ื™ื). But the contrast is not with the fool who talks too much, but with the ืจืฉืข who is ื—ืกืจ ืœื‘, lacking understanding. There is an idea that wisdom is connected to silence:

ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ:โ€ฆืกื™ื™ื’ ืœื—ื›ืžื”, ืฉืชื™ืงื”.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื’:ื™ื’

Or (in a quote often attributed to Mark Twain):

It is better to remain silent at the risk of being thought a fool, than to talk and remove all doubt of it.

Maurice Switzer

But that isnโ€™t really what Shlomo is saying here. The connection between silence and the appearance of wisdom does come from ืžืฉืœื™:

ื’ื ืื•ื™ืœ ืžื—ืจื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘; ืื˜ื ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื ื‘ื•ืŸืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื–:ื›ื—

Here, silence is a sign of righteousness; and the contrast is with the ืื•ื™ืœ, who knows the right way to act but does not.

ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื ืฉืชื™ืงื”.

ื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ืืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”.

ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ื.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ื–

All that is thought should not be said, all that is said should not be written, all that is written should not be published, and all that is published should not be read.

The Kotzker Rebbe, Gems of Wisdom of the Kotzker Rebbe

ืฉืžืื™ ืื•ืžืจ:โ€ฆืืžื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•

Do the right thing; donโ€™t talk about it. ื‘ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื“ืœ ืคืฉืข.


And then we have another atypical, non-antithetical line.

ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ; ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืฆื‘ ืขืžื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื‘

The syntactic parallelism is chiastic : ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ corresponds to ืขืžื”, and ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ corresponds to ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืฆื‘. But both sides are good. So I would take it, not as an independent ืžืฉืœ, but as a sort of summary: being a ืฆื“ื™ืง as weโ€™ve talked about (honest with money, clean speech) will lead to true wealth, ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ, and one without any ืขืฆื‘.

ืขืฆื‘ isnโ€™t really sadness; itโ€™s frustration at fruitlessly toiling. We talked about this in Good Information from a Man Whoโ€™s Made Mistakes.

ื™ื– ื•ืœืื“ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขืช ืœืงื•ืœ ืืฉืชืš ื•ืชืื›ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื™ืชื™ืš ืœืืžืจ ืœื ืชืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืืจื•ืจื” ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืื›ืœื ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืšืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืงื•ืฅ ื•ื“ืจื“ืจ ืชืฆืžื™ื— ืœืš; ื•ืื›ืœืช ืืช ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื“ื”ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื’

ืืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื‘ื” ืขืฆื‘ื•ื ืš ื•ื”ืจื ืš ื‘ืขืฆื‘ ืชืœื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื; ื•ืืœ ืื™ืฉืš ืชืฉื•ืงืชืš ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืšืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’:ื˜ื–

ื” ื•ื™ืจื ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื” ืจืขืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื‘ื• ืจืง ืจืข ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืืƒ ื• ื•ื™ื ื—ื ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื•ื™ืชืขืฆื‘ ืืœ ืœื‘ื•ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื•

In both love and work, then, itzavon is the strange fruit of intentionality, of โ€œsowing seedโ€ toward an imagined futureโ€ฆFor Adam, a similar discontinuity will haunt his relations with the earth. The gap, the arbitrary response of the earth to his desire, expresses a radical irrationality in human experience. Creative aspiration acquires an ironic edge.

Avivah Gottlieb Zornberg, The Murmuring Deep, pp. 40-41

Having more stuff, being more rich, isnโ€™t better.

ืžืจื‘ื” ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื” ื“ืื’ื”.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘:ื–

To invoke Marie Kondo, wealth lies in โ€œkeeping only those things that spark joyโ€ (from Wikipedia), not in having more stuff.

ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ: ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื ืขืดื™ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉืจ ืืžืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืจืดืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืื›ืœ ืœื—ื ื™ืชืขืฆื‘, ื›ื™ ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื• ื•ืขืžืœื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืชื• ื•ื™ื“ืื’ ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื•ืขืดื› ื™ืฆืžืฆื ืžื–ื•ื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื™ืดื› ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉืจ ืืžืชื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืืžืชื™, ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ ืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ, ืจืดืœ ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืดื™ ื”ืขืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•, ื›ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื‘

And back to ืžืฉืœื™ื:

ื›ืฉื—ื•ืง ืœื›ืกื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืžื”; ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื’

The parallelism here elides the simile: โ€œื–ืžื” is like a sport to the fool, and ื—ื›ืžื” [is like a sport] to the understandingโ€. ื–ืžื” generally means a plan, and itโ€™s not a bad thing.

ืœืชืช ืœืคืชืื™ื ืขืจืžื”; ืœื ืขืจ ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื–ืžื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื“

But here it seems to have the sense of lewdness, a plan to do something obscene.

ืขืจื•ืช ืืฉื” ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœื ืชื’ืœื”; ืืช ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื” ื•ืืช ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื” ืœื ืชืงื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืจื•ืชื” ืฉืืจื” ื”ื ื” ื–ืžื” ื”ื•ืืƒ

ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—:ื™ื–

And so this is a statement about entertainment. What do we do for enjoyment, ื›ืฉื—ื•ืง? Even if you claim itโ€™s harmless, it affects your attitudes and moral values.

ืžื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืžืฉื•ืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืœื™ื‘ื•, ืื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืื ื‘ื›ืกื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื˜ื‘ืขื•, ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืขื•ื“ ืืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืจืง ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ื•ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื•.

ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ื™ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ื›ื ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉื—ืงโ€ฆ

ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื•ื ื”: ืžื™ ืฉืืกืฃ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื•โ€ฆืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื’

Be careful about doomscrolling TikTok.


The next psukim are about reward and punishment. Weโ€™ve seen this many times before in ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื and ืžืฉืœื™.

ื›ื“ ืžื’ื•ืจืช ืจืฉืข ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ืื ื•; ื•ืชืื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืชืŸืƒ
ื›ื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืข; ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™

But here the punishment is psychological: ืจืฉืข punished with his worst nightmare; ืฆื“ื™ืง rewarded with his fondest dream.

Your imagination is your worst enemy in this.

E. L. James

The ืจืฉืข is lost in anxiety, worrying about the worst thing that can happen, because they are rootless; they have nothing to hold on to and so ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื”, they are lost in the storm.

ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืข: ื”ืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจืง ืงื™ื•ื ืžืงืจื™, ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืกืขืจื” ื™ืฉืื”ื• ื”ืจื•ื—, ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืชืฉืื”ื• ืกื•ืคื” ื•ืชืฉืขืจื”ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•.

ืื‘ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื: ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ืณ, ื•ื‘ืขืช ืกื•ืคื” ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื ื™ื“ื”ื• ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžืงืจื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืจืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœืœื™.

ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื—, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” (ืคืจืฉืช ื ื—) โ€ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื”โ€œ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ; โ€ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœืโ€œ ื–ื” ื ื—.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื”

The next pasuk is not parallel at all; it is a single simile.

ื›ื—ืžืฅ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ืขืฉืŸ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื; ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืœ ืœืฉืœื—ื™ื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื•

And, in this image, the ืขืฆืœ, the lazy one, is not terrible but annoying. You have to keep reminding them to complete their task.

The question is, what does this mean? What is it telling us? Itโ€™s a ืžืฉืœ, a simile, that tells us not to trust lazy people to get a job done, but why in this book of ethics?

I would understand this in the way that Adele Berlin understands the pasuk in ืงื•ื”ืœืช:

ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืžืฉืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘; ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ื•ืƒ

ืงื•ื”ืœืช ื–:ื

The verse as a whole is read as an analogyโ€ฆโ€œJust as a name is better than good oil, so death is better than lifeโ€. Butโ€ฆeach line contains its own internal comparison. The first line, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืžืฉืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘, has all the earmarks of a popular proverb in its form and sound play (compare โ€œBetter red than deadโ€ [sic]). It is quite plausible, as Gordis has suggested, that Koheleth is quoting a well-known saying and joining to it his own interpretation or application. Presumably, his audience understood the saying, so he could use it as the basis of his analogy to life and death. If one accepts the first premise, then one must accept the second. In order for the analogy to work, it must proceed from the known to the unknown; the second line makes sense only when it is read in light of the first.

Adele Berlin The Dynamics of Biblical Parallelism, p. 101

Cartoon: Medieval inside jokes

xkcd, Inside Joke

This sounds similar. ื›ื—ืžืฅ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ืขืฉืŸ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื; ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืœ ืœืฉืœื—ื™ื• is the common proverb; Shlomo is using the simile as a whole as a metaphor for something much deeper. Unlike in ืงื•ื”ืœืช, he doesnโ€™t tell us what. We have to figure it out in context.

ื•ืขืชื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ ื”ืฉืโ€ฆื•ื’ื ืจืื” ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœื™ ืฉืœืžื”โ€ฆ(ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื‘:ื›ื) [ืœึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึฒืšึธ ืงึนืฉึฐืื˜ึฐ ืึดืžึฐืจึตื™ ืึฑืžึถืช] ืœึฐื”ึธืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืึฒืžึธืจึดื™ื ืึฑืžึถืช ืœึฐืฉึนืืœึฐื—ึถื™ืšึธ. ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืœืชื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืจื— ื‘ื”ืงืžืชื” ืจืง ืขื ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขืฆืœ ืื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืžืชื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื”.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื™ ืœืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™:ื›ื•

ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืช.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“,ื

ื•ื”ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืจืขืช ื”ืขืฆืœ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฉืš ืžืจืขื” ืืœ ืจืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืจืขื”.

ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื—ืกื™ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื— ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•, ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื ื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจืš. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœืžื•ื“, ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืœืžื“ ืชื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”.

โ€ฆื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ื ืชืืžืช ืืฆืœื• ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื ื™ื—ื”ื•, ืœื ืžื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืœื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•.

ืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืณ

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช need active work and attention. You canโ€™t just phone it in.


And then we have more psukim about reward and punishment:

ื›ื– ื™ืจืืช ื”ืณ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื; ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืชืงืฆืจื ื”ืƒ
ื›ื— ืชื•ื—ืœืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”; ื•ืชืงื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืชืื‘ื“ืƒ
ื›ื˜ ืžืขื•ื– ืœืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืณ; ื•ืžื—ืชื” ืœืคืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸืƒ
ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœ ื™ืžื•ื˜; ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉื›ื ื• ืืจืฅืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™

But the new idea again is hidden in the elision: ืžืขื•ื– ืœืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืณ; ื•ืžื—ืชื” ืœืคืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ. โ€œThe way of G-d is a source of strength for the straightforward, but [the way of G-d] is a source of ruin to the sinnersโ€. It is similar to the pasuk from the ื”ืคื˜ืจื” for ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื”:

ืžื™ ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœื” ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขื; ื›ื™ ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืณ ื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืƒ

ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื“:ื™

Somehow ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืณ can be negative, can lead to misfortune. I would see the metaphor as a sidewalk: if you walk straight on it, youโ€™ll be fine. Itโ€™s when you start weaving, going off and on, that you will trip on the curb. The gemara says:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ืณ ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึผึดืงึดื™ื ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื•ึผืคึนืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื™ึดื›ึผึธืฉืึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึธื? ืžืฉืœ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืฆืœื• ืืช ืคืกื—ื™ื”ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ืื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ืื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื ืื›ื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”. ื–ื” ืฉืื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”โ€”ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึผึดืงึดื™ื ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื ืื›ื™ืœื” ื’ืกื”โ€”ื•ึผืคึนืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื™ึดื›ึผึธืฉืึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึธื.

ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื’,ื

ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืคืกื•ืง โ€ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืโ€œโ€”ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” โ€ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ืโ€œ, ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง. ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื– ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืžืื•ื“โ€”ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื“ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื™, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืงืจื ืคื•ืฉืข ! ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื–ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื—: ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื”; ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ โ€ื›ื‘ืฉ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉโ€œ. ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื โ€ืฆื“ื™ืงโ€œ, ื•ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื โ€ืคื•ืฉืขโ€œ! ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืžื ื ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื•ืชืžื”ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืคื•ืฉืข.

ืขืžื“ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื ื™ืข ื•ืžืขืฉื”. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ. ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขื™ืœืื™, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ืคืฉื™ืขื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื•. ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช (โ€ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœืโ€œ) ืื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื–,ื) โ€ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžื” ื ื•ื— ืœื• ืฉืœื ื ื‘ืจืโ€œ. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขื™ืโ€”ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคื’ื•ืžื™ืโ€ฆ

ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืžื“ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ื™, ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื“ืจื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ. ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืคืชื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื’ื”ื™ื ื•ื ืจืฆื•ืคื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื™ืžื“ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขื™ืœืื™ืช ื’ื ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื—,ื-ื‘): โ€ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืกืœืข ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื• ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืโ€”ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื’ืžื•ืจโ€œ, ืœืืžื•ืจ: ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื’ื ืœื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.

ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื. ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื•. ืขืžื“ื” ื–ื• ืžื™ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจโ€”ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืื ื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืื– ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ืช ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืื ื• ื’ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื’ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืจืœื•, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื

And so we go back to the beginning. Do the right thing for the right reasons, and watch your tongue.

ืœื ืคื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื ื•ื‘ ื—ื›ืžื”; ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื”ืคื›ื•ืช ืชื›ืจืชืƒ
ืœื‘ ืฉืคืชื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืŸ; ื•ืคื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืชื”ืคื›ื•ืชืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™