We are in the last chapter of the body of ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื (the rest is a series of appendices), and it deals with the rebellion of ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื. But before David deals with the rebellion, he does something that seems irrelevant. We passed over this pasuk last time, but I think we have to deal with it now.
ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฉืจ ื ืฉืื ืคืืืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืืช ืืืชื ื ืืืช ืืฉืืจืช ืืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืื; ืืชืืืื ื ืฆืจืจืืช ืขื ืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืชื
What was the story of these ten concubines? The story starts in the last rebellion, as David is running away from his son Avshalom:
ืืืฆื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืจืืืื; ืืืขืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืฉืจ ื ืฉืื ืคืืืฉืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืืชื
And Avshalom uses them to make a point:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืืชืคื; ืืื ืืื ืขืฆื ืื ื ืขืฉืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืชืคื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืคืืืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืืืช; ืืฉืืข ืื ืืฉืจืื ืื ื ืืืฉืช ืืช ืืืื ืืืืงื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืชืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื; ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืคืืืฉื ืืืื ืืขืื ื ืื ืืฉืจืืื
What exactly is a ืคืืืฉ?
ืืืงื ืืื ืขืื ืคืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื: ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืดื: ืคืืืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉืื; ื ืฉืื ืืืชืืื ืืงืืืฉืื. ืืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืืงืช ืืื ืืืจืืฉืืื, ืฉืืืจื ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืคืืืฉ? ืจืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจ: ืืฉื ืืฉ ืื ืืชืืื, ืคืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืืชืืื. ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื: ืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืชืืื, ืืื ืืฉื ืืฉ ืื ืืชืืื ืืชื ืื ืืชืืื, ืคืืืฉ ืืฉ ืื ืืชืืื ืืืื ืื ืชื ืื ืืชืืื. ืืขืคืดื ืกืืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืจืณ ืืืืจ.
A ืืชืืื is a prenup, specifiying the payment to the wife if the marriage ends in divorce or death. ืชื ืื ืืชืืื are the obligations of a husband to his wife, ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืกืืชื ืืขืื ืชื (see ืขืจืื ืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืื:ื). But for our purposes, the real difference is that the ืคืืืฉ does not become part of the husbandโs family; there is no ongoing connection between them.
ืืืื ื ืืื ืืกืจืืณ ืขืืื ืงืจืืืืชืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืงืืืฉืืณ ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืฉืจืื ืืืคืืณ ืืคืืืฉ
ืืืขื ืืื ื ืืืื ืคืืจืืชืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืฉื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืคืจืงืื ื
It appears children of a ืคืืืฉ do not inherit the status of their father (Iโm pretty sure they still inherit the financial estate; thatโs implied by ืืืืืช ืื,ื).
ื ืืืชื ืืืจืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืฆืืงื ื ืืืื ื ืืคืืืืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืจืื ื ืชื ืืืจืื ืืชื ืช; ืืืฉืืื ืืขื ืืฆืืง ืื ื ืืขืืื ื ืื ืงืืื ืื ืืจืฅ ืงืืื
ื ืืืคืชื ืืืืขืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ื; ืืืืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืคืชืื ื ืืชืื ืืฉืช ืืืขื ืื ืื ืื; ืืืืืื ืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืืจืฉื ืืช ืืคืชื ืืืืืจื ืื ืื ืชื ืื ืืืืช ืืืื ื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืืืจืช ืืชืื
So the sons of Davidโs ืคืืืืฉืื cannot inherit the ืืืืืช. I will be ืืืื ืืืืช on David here; I assume David had no idea that Avshalom would do anything to the concubines. He took his wives and their children because Avshalom would likely kill them all when he became king. However, the children of the concubines would never be a threat to the throne. So if he is going to leave anyone behind to cover his tracks, it would be the ืคืืืืฉืื.
ืืจืืืดื ืืชื ืฉืขืฉื ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืชืคืจืกื ืืืชื, ืื ืืจืืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืจืืืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืโฆืืืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืขืฉืจื ื ืฉืื []ืคืืืืฉืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืืชื.
And why ten? Because thatโs how many he had. He had 6 wives when he was in Chevron:
ื ืืืืื (ืืืืืื) ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืชื ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืื (ืืืืืืื) ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืื; ืืืฉืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื ื ืืืจืืืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืช; ืืืืืืฉื ืฉืคืืื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืฉืฉื ืืชืจืขื ืืขืืื ืืฉืช ืืื; ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื
And then he married more ืคืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื:
ืืืงื ืืื ืขืื ืคืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืจืืฉืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชื
How many consorts did he have in total?
ื ืืืืืจ ื ืชื ืื ืืื ืืชื ืืืืฉ;
ืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืงื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืชืื ืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืืฆืืชืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ื ืืืชื ื ืื ืืช ืืืช ืืื ืื ืืืช ื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืืงื ืืืชื ื ืื ืืช ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื; ืืื ืืขื ืืืกืคื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื
ืืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืื; ืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืื
The Mishna concludes that ืืื ื ืืืื ื means three times what he had then, so ืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืื means a total of 18. The minimum of ื ืฉืื is two, so he had at least 8 wives, and so ten ืคืืืฉืื.
ืืงืืื ืจืืดื ืื ืฉืื ื ืขืฉืจื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืคืืืฉืื. ืืืจืฉื โืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืืโ ืืืชืจ ืื ืฉืื ื ืขืฉืจื; ืืกืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืงืืื ืืคืกืืง โืืืืกืืคื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืโ, ืืฉืฉ ื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืื ื, ืืื ืืดื ืืขืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืดืโฆืืื ื ืืฆืื ื ืื ืฉืฉ ื ืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืฉืื. ืืืืืจ โืืืงื ืืื ืขืื ืคืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืจืืฉืืโ ืืืฆืื ื ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืื ืขืฉืจ ืคืืืฉืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืืืช; ืื ืื ืฉืชืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืงื ืืืจืืฉืื ืืขืฉืจ ืคืืืฉืื ืืืืช ืืฉืชื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืงื ืืืจืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืืช ืฉืืข.
So he left all his non-wifely consorts in Jerusalem.
And back in our story, when he returns, he declares that they are all ืฆืจืจืืช ืขื ืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืช; what we nowadays call ืขืืื ืืช. The language of ืขืืื, โchainedโ is from ืืืืืช ืจืืช:
ืื ืึทืชึผึนืืึถืจ ื ึธืขึณืึดื ืฉืึนืึฐื ึธื ืึฐื ึนืชึทื ืึธืึผึธื ืชึตืึทืึฐื ึธื ืขึดืึผึดื; ืึทืขืึนื ืึดื ืึธื ึดืื ืึผึฐืึตืขึทื ืึฐืึธืืึผ ืึธืึถื ืึทืึฒื ึธืฉืึดืืื ืื ืฉืึนืึฐื ึธื ืึฐื ึนืชึทื ืึตืึฐืึธ ืึผึดื ืึธืงึทื ึฐืชึผึดื ืึดืึฐืืึนืช ืึฐืึดืืฉื; ืึผึดื ืึธืึทืจึฐืชึผึดื ืึถืฉื ืึดื ืชึดืงึฐืึธื ืึผึทื ืึธืึดืืชึดื ืึทืึผึทืึฐืึธื ืึฐืึดืืฉื ืึฐืึทื ืึธืึทืึฐืชึผึดื ืึธื ึดืืื ืื ืึฒืึธืึตื ืชึผึฐืฉืึทืึผึตืจึฐื ึธื ืขึทื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึดืึฐืึผึธืืึผ ืึฒืึธืึตื ืชึผึตืขึธืึตื ึธื ืึฐืึดืึฐืชึผึดื ืึฑืืึนืช ืึฐืึดืืฉื; ืึทื ืึผึฐื ึนืชึทื ืึผึดื ืึทืจ ืึดื ืึฐืึนื ืึดืึผึถื ืึผึดื ืึธืฆึฐืึธื ืึดื ืึทื ืืณื
But the idea is the same: they cannot remarry, ever. The problem with understanding this point, though, is that this is true of all of Davidโs wives and concubines, independent of what happened with Avshalom:
ืืื ืื ืืฉืชืืฉ ืืขืืืื ืืฉืคืืืชืื ืืฉืืฉืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืจ; ืืคืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืชื ืืืชืจืช ืืฉืืื, ืืืกืืจื ืืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืฉืชื ืฉื ืืื, ืืื ื ื ืืขืืช ืืืืจ ืืขืืื: ืืคืืื ืืืื, ืืื ื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืืจืืฉืชื ืฉื ืืื ืืืจ.
And the ืคืืืฉืื are not forbidden to him; they were ืื ืืกืืช, not willingly unfaithful. He could have relations with them, but does not.
So the โืืืืืฉโ here seems to be this public declaration of ืืืืื ืื ืื; not that they will not be able to marry after his death, but that he is separating himself from them now. But even this is hard to understand, since at this time David is 66 or so, only a few years before his death, and is quite frail. The next narrative about Davidโs life emphasizes this:
ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืงื ืื ืืืืื; ืืืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืขืืืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืขืจื ืืชืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืชืื ืื ืกืื ืช; ืืฉืืื ืืืืงื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืืืงืฉื ื ืขืจื ืืคื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืืฆืื ืืช ืืืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืชื ืืืืื ื ืืื ืขืจื ืืคื ืขื ืืื; ืืชืื ืืืื ืกืื ืช ืืชืฉืจืชืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืขืื
ืืื ื ื ืืชื ืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืฉืืฉื ืกืืืช. ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืข ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงื ืืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืชืงืจืจ ืืื ืืดื ืฉืขื ืืืืช ืฉืืืกืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืืื, ืขื ืฉืืืฆืจืื ืขืืืื ืืืงืฉ ื ืขืจื ืฉืชืฉืื ืืืืงื ืืืืื, ืืขื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืขื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืจืืฃ ืืืจ ืืืฉืื, ืื ื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืกืจืื ืืืืืช ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืขื ืืื ืงืจื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืขืื.
However, there is a very strange aggadah that David was still capable of being intimate with his wives:
ืืืืฉืโฆืืืจื: ื ืื ืกืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืกืืจืช ืื [ืจืฉืดื: ืฉืืืจ ื ืฉืืชื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉืจื].
ืืืจื ืืื: ืืกืจืื ืืื ืื ื ืคืฉืื ืืฉืืื ื ืงืื [ืจืฉืดื: ืืฉืืื ื ืืกืจ ืฉืืื ื ืืืฆื ืืงืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืง ืขืฆืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืืคื ื ืฉืืงื ืช ืืชืฉืฉ ืืื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืื ื ืืกืืจื ืื].
ืืืจ ืืื: ืงืจืื ืื ืืืช ืฉืืข, ืืืชืื (ืืืืื ื ื:ืื) ืืชืื ืืช ืฉืืข ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื. ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื: ืืืืชื ืฉืขื ืงืื ืื ืืช ืฉืืข ืืฉืืฉ ืขืฉืจื ืืคืืช [ืจืฉืดื: ืฉืื ืขืืื ืืดื ืืืืืช ืืืงื ืืช ืืื ืชืฉืืืฉ ืืชืฉืืืฉ].
Abarbanel concludes that in the last years of his life, David did not have relations with any of his consorts (with the possible exception of the episode with Bat Sheva above):
ืืืกืื ืืฉื ืืช ืืื, ืฉืืืืืขื ื ืืืชืื ืื ืื ืืืงืืืช ืืืืขื, ืืืืื ืฉืืช ืฉืืข ืืฉืืจ ื ืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืคื ืื ืื ืืฉืจืชื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืงื ืืื ืื ืืจืืืชื, ืื ืืืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืชื ืืืกืืืจืช ืืคื ืื ืืฉืจืชื ืืืืืื, ืืืื ื ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืช ืืช ืฉืืข ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืจ.
[Abarbanelโs third reason is not relevant to our discussion.]
So then, why the public declaration about the ืขืฉืจ ื ืฉืื ืคืืืฉืื? The Yerushalmi suggests that David wanted to make a point about how he was denying his own desires as part of his ืชืฉืืื for the sin of Bat Sheva:
ืืื ื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืชื ืืื ืืจืืฉืชื ืฉื ืืื, ืขื ืฉื โืืชืืืื ื ืฆืจืืจืืช ืขื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืชโ. ืจืณ ืืืื ืืจ ืคืื ืืฉื ืจืณ ืคืื ืืฉื ืจืณ ืืืื ื: ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงืืขืชื ืืืงืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืกื ืืคื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืืจ ืืืฆืจื ืืจืข ืชืืืชื ืืืจ ืืืกืืจ ืื. ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืชืจ ืื.
ืืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืืชืื โืืชืืืื ืฆืจืืจืืช ืขื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืชโ. ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืจืืฉื ืื ืืชื ืชืืจืืงืื ืืงืฉืื, ืืื ืืืฆืืง ืืชืืืชื ืืืืื ืืขื, ืืืฉืจ ืืืืืฉ ืืฆืจื ืืื, ืืืขื ืืชืืคืจ ืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืช ืฉืืข.
David felt that this particular ืืฆืจ ืืจืข was the root of his sin:
ืืืจ [ืืื] ืืคื ืื: ืจืืฉืดืข ืืื ื ื ืื ืกื ื!โฆืืืจ: ืืื ืกื ื ืื ืืขืืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขืชืื ืื; ืืืืื ืื ื ืงื ืืืืขื ื ืื ืืื ืกืื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืขืจืื. ืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื) โืืืื ืืขืช ืืขืจื ืืืงื ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืืื ืืืืณโ.
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืคื ืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืฉื ืืื, ืื ืชืขืืื ืืื ื ืืืื: ืืืจ ืงืื ืืฉ ืืืื, ืืฉืืืขื ืจืขื ืืืจืขืืื ืฉืืข.
You saw her bathing on the roof
Her beauty and the moonlight overthrew you
And he feels he needs to do this now, in preparation for the fight against ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื. The last rebellion, of Avshalom, was an inevitable consequence of his sin with Bat Sheva, and he needed to get that behind him.
ืืฆืจืื ืืืืจ, ืฉืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืฆื ืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื, ืจืฆื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืืง ืืืืง ืืืืช ืืืืชื ืฉืื, ืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืชืืืจ ืขื ืืื ืืืืช ืืกืจืื ืืช ืืคืืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืื. ืืืืืืืง ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืกืคืช ืงืืืฉื ืืืืืฉืช ืืืฆืจ, ืฉืขื ืืื ืฉืชืืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืขื ืขืฆืื, ืชืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืจื. ืืืื ืจืฆื ืืื ืืืืง ืืช ืืกืืืืช ืืงืืืฉื ืืืืชื.
But I would argue that David is wrong here. His ืชืฉืืื is already complete; he has paid the price for his sin with Bat Sheva and Uriah. As we quoted in Where the Penitent Stand:
ืืฉืจื ืืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืณ ืื ืขืื; ืืืื ืืจืืื ืจืืืื
But happy, too, is he to whom, even if he has sinned, the L-rd need not ascribe iniquity when He decrees his ultimate fateโฆ.He is not deceived in his own mind about his true worth. He bears within his soul a conscience that acts as a stern, incorruptible judge.
There is no need for David to keep torturing himself over his sin. He needs to look forward, not back.
[T]he War Office is always preparing for the last war.
Heโs looking at this rebellion as a continuation of Avshalomโs, part of the consequences of Bat Sheva, but this is different; itโs not about David at all. Itโs about the conflict between the centralized control of religion and state, and the populism that would make all of ืืื ืืฉืจืื participants in their own country and ืขืืืืช ืืณ. Itโs the battle between ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ and ืขืื ืืืื.
Returning to the impending civil war with ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื, I want to look at a ืคืจืง ืชืืืืื that expresses Davidโs frustration with his enemies, how they attribute the worst possible motivation for his actions. All he wants to do is unite the country and build the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ. I feel a little guilty here, since I am part of the problem. I have been reading ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื in a way that makes David look like the villian in almost every story. I think itโs the right way to read ื ืดื, since ื ืืืืื only have a message when weโre doing things wrong, but it adds up to a very negative picture. We need to spend more time in ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื to balance it out.
ื ืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืืืจ;
ืืืงื ืชืืืชื ืื ืชืืจืฉื
ื ืื ืคื ืจืฉืข ืืคื ืืจืื ืขืื ืคืชืื; ืืืจื ืืชื ืืฉืื ืฉืงืจื
ื ืืืืจื ืฉื ืื ืกืืืื ื; ืืืืืืื ื ืื ืื
ื ืชืืช ืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืื ื; ืืื ื ืชืคืืื
ื ืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืจืขื ืชืืช ืืืื; ืืฉื ืื ืชืืช ืืืืชืื
After summing up his complaints, that his enemies are speaking ืืฉืื ืฉืงืจ by ืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืจืขื ืชืืช ืืืื. I want only the best for all of them.
ืืื ื ืชืคืื: ืืืฉ ืชืคืื. ืืืืขื: ืฉืืืืชื ืืชืคืื ืืฉื ืืขืื, ืืืจื (ืชืืืื ืื:ืื): ืึทืึฒื ึดื ืึทึผืึฒืืึนืชึธื ืึฐืืึผืฉึดืื ืฉึธืืง.
And then he apparently starts praying for his enemies to be punished, for 14 straight psukim. It is very out of character for David, who usually prays for the redemption of his enemies rather than their destruction. Hirsch notes that the subject of the phrases turns from plural (ืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืจืขื) to singular (ืืคืงื ืขืืื ืจืฉืข). These are not the curses that David wishes on his enemies; these are the curses that his enemies wish on him. He is quoting them.
ื ืืคืงื ืขืืื ืจืฉืข; ืืฉืื ืืขืื ืขื ืืืื ืื
ื ืืืฉืคืื ืืฆื ืจืฉืข; ืืชืคืืชื ืชืืื ืืืืืื
The response to ืืื ื ืชืคืื is that his so-called blessing is actually a curse; since David is guilty (in the terms of the ืคื ืจืฉืข ืืคื ืืจืื) his ืชืคืื is really a ืืืื. And then they go on:
ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื; ืคืงืืชื ืืงื ืืืจื
ื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืื; ืืืฉืชื ืืืื ืื
Wanting his children to be orphans and his wives widows is more than wishing for his death:
ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืชืื ืื ืชืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืขื ื ืชืขื ื ืืชื ืื ืื ืฆืขืง ืืฆืขืง ืืื ืฉืืข ืืฉืืข ืฆืขืงืชืื ืื ืืืจื ืืคื ืืืจืืชื ืืชืื ืืืจื; ืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืื ืืชืืืื
ืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืช: ืึดืึผึทืฉืึฐืึธืข ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืึทืจ ืึฐืึธืจึทืึฐืชึผึดื ืึถืชึฐืึถื ืึตืื ึดื ืืึนืึตืขึท ืฉืึถื ึผึฐืฉืึตืืึถื ืึทืึฐืึธื ืึนืช ืึผืึฐื ึตืืึถื ืึฐืชืึนืึดืื? ืึถืึผึธื ืึฒืจึตื ืืึน ืงึฐืึธืึธื ืึทืึถืจึถืช, ืฉืึถืึผึดืึฐืืึผ ืึทื ึผึธืฉืึดืื ืฆึฐืจืึผืจืึนืช ืึผึฐืึทืึฐืึธื ืึนืช ืึทืึผืึนืช, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึดืึฐืืึผ ืขึตืึดืื ืึฐืึดืืชึทืช ืึผึทืขึฐืึตืืึถื ืึฐืชึดืึฐืึถืื ึธื ืึฒืกืึผืจืึนืช ืึฐืึดื ึผึธืฉืึตื, ืึฐืึทืึผึธื ึดืื ืึดืึฐืืึผ ืึฐืชืึนืึดืื, ืฉืึถืึผึนื ืึทื ึผึดืืืึผื ืึผึตืืช ืึผึดืื ืึตืืจึตื ืึฐื ึดืึฐืกึตื ืึฒืึดืืึถื, ืึฐืคึดื ืฉืึถืึตืื ืืึนืึฐืขึดืื ืึดื ืึตืชืึผ ืึดื ื ึดืฉืึฐืึผืึผ.
ื ืื ืืข ืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืืฉืืื; ืืืจืฉื ืืืจืืืชืืืื
ืื ืื ืงืฉ ื ืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื; ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืขืื
ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืกื; ืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืชืืืืื
ืื ืืื ืืืจืืชื ืืืืจืืช; ืืืืจ ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื
ืื ืืืืจ ืขืื ืืืชืื ืื ืืณ; ืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืชืืื
ืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืณ ืชืืื; ืืืืจืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืจืื
The text turns plural again (ืืืจื), but this is referring to ืืืชืื and ืืื: may all of Davidโs family suffer.
ืื ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืจ ืขืฉืืช ืืกื;
ืืืจืืฃ ืืืฉ ืขื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื; ืืืืชืชื
ืื ืืืืื ืงืืื ืืชืืืืื; ืืื ืืคืฅ ืืืจืื ืืชืจืืง ืืื ืื
ืื ืืืืืฉ ืงืืื ืืืื; ืืชืื ืืืื ืืงืจืื; ืืืฉืื ืืขืฆืืืชืืื
ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืื; ืืืืื ืชืืื ืืืืจืื
And, proving Hirschโs point that the preceding calumnies are the words of his enemies, the psalmist summarizes what he has quoted:
ืืืช ืคืขืืช ืฉืื ื ืืืช ืืณ; ืืืืืจืื ืจืข ืขื ื ืคืฉืื
And his response is simply to pray to ืืณ. He doesnโt have the energy to defend himself:
ืื ืืืชื ืืณ ืืื ึพื ืขืฉื ืืชื ืืืขื ืฉืื;
ืื ืืื ืืกืื ืืฆืืื ืื
ืื ืื ืขื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืื; ืืืื ืืื ืืงืจืืื
ืืื ืืื ืืงืจืื at the ืคืฉื level means โI have lost all strengthโ but ืืืดื interpret it as a reference to Davidโs attempts to quell his ืืฆืจ ืืจืข, as we mentioned above:
ืืืืื ื ืืืดืจ ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืดืฉ ืื ืืืืื:โฆืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืชื ืืขืฉื ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืงื:ืื) ืืืื ืืื ืืงืจืื.
ืืืืชื ืืขืฉื: ืืืช ืฉืืข.
ืืื ืืื: ืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืื ืืงืจืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืงืจืื.
ืื ืืฆื ืื ืืืชื ื ืืืืชื; ื ื ืขืจืชื ืืืจืืื
ืื ืืจืื ืืฉืื ืืฆืื; ืืืฉืจื ืืืฉ ืืฉืืื
And his prayer is only that his enemies learn the truth, that he has only been serving ืืงืืดื. Everything David does (even when he falters) is meant for the best:
ืื ืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืจืคื ืืื; ืืจืืื ื ืื ืืขืื ืจืืฉืื
ืื ืขืืจื ื ืืณ ืืืงื; ืืืฉืืขื ื ืืืกืืื
ืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืช; ืืชื ืืณ ืขืฉืืชืื
They will curse but You will bless me, and their punishment is to be shamed when their curses have no effect (that is what ืืืฉื means in ืชืืืืื: to have oneโs prayers rejected):
ืื ืืงืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืชืืจื; ืงืื ืืืืฉื ืืขืืื ืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืืฉื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื; ืืืขืื ืืืขืื ืืฉืชืื
And we end on a happy note, as David returns to his ืชืืืืื, secure in his faith that ืืณ has saved him:
ื ืืืื ืืณ ืืื ืืคื; ืืืชืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืื
ืื ืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืืข ืืฉืคืื ื ืคืฉืื