ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Coda

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

The last perek of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื that we will look at is the one where David says, simply, โ€œThank Youโ€.

ื ืœื“ื•ื“; ืื•ื“ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™; ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื–ืžืจืšืƒ ื‘ ืืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืงื“ืฉืš ื•ืื•ื“ื” ืืช ืฉืžืš ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ืขืœ ืืžืชืš; ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืžืš ืืžืจืชืšืƒ ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ืชืขื ื ื™; ืชืจื”ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื–ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื—

ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื refers not to ื”ืณ but to the elite: I will thank ื”ืณ in public.

ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื–ืžืจืš: ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื—:ื

ื ื’ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื: ื”ื ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื—:ื

We see this use of ืืœื”ื™ื often in ืชื ืดืš:

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืืกืฃ; ืืœืงื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื“ืช ืึพืœ; ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืคื˜ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคื‘:ื

He thanks ื”ืณ โ€Ž โ€œืขืœ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ืขืœ ืืžืชืšโ€, which is a common hendiadys in ืชื ืดืš.

ื—ืกื“ ื•ืืžืช: ื—ืกื“ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืืžืช, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืคื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ืžื•ืœ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื–:ื›ื˜

True gratitude is acknowledging that ื”ืณ's ื—ืกื“ is ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืืžืช; nothing we can do will repay Him.

And then David continues, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืžืš ืืžืจืชืš.โ€Ž ืืžืจืชืš is what You have said to do for me; ืฉืžืš is Your reputation, what I have heard about Your ื—ืกื“ in the past. The truth, my personal experience, is far beyond that.

And what was that ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืืžืช?โ€Ž ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ืชืขื ื ื™ and then ืชืจื”ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื–.โ€Ž ืจื”ื‘ is a rare word; most commonly it is a poetic name for Egypt, but here it means โ€œreputation for greatnessโ€.

ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืจื”ื‘ื ืขืžืœ ื•ืื•ืŸ;

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆ:ื™

ื•ืจื”ื‘ื ืฉื, ื’ื“ืœื ื•ืชืงืคื.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืช, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆ:ื™

So, ืชืจื”ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื– would mean โ€œYou have made me great by imbuing my soul with strengthโ€; In other words, โ€œYou have let me be the best that I can beโ€.

And then David turns to the other kings of the nations; they need to thank ื”ืณ as well.

ื“ ื™ื•ื“ื•ืš ื”ืณ ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืืจืฅ; ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ืšืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืณ; ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืณืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื—

There is a concept that kings (or any political leader) rule as the representative of the One True King; in Europe that became the justification for absolute monarchy.

In European Christianity, the divine right of kings, divine right, or G-dโ€™s mandation, is a political and religious doctrine of political legitimacy of a monarchy.

Wikipedia, Divine right of kings

But ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื's conception of the divine right of kings is the opposite. It means that the king has a greater responsibility, and less free will, than ordinary people.

ืคืœื’ื™ ืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืณ; ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืคืฅ ื™ื˜ื ื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื:ื

And then David expresses his gratitude by acknowledging his lowly beginnings.

ื›ื™ ืจื ื”ืณ ื•ืฉืคืœ ื™ืจืื”; ื•ื’ื‘ื” ืžืžืจื—ืง ื™ื™ื“ืขืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื—:ื•

And ื ืชืŸ had told him:

ื— ื•ืขืชื” ื›ื” ืชืืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”ืณ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืื ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื™ืš ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ื” ืžืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื˜ ื•ืื”ื™ื” ืขืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ืช ื•ืื›ืจืชื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ืš ืžืคื ื™ืš; ื•ืขืฉืชื™ ืœืš ืฉื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจืฅืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื–

This perek brings us back full circle to a generation before Davidโ€™s birth, when ื—ื ื” sang her ืฉื™ืจื” about the future king:

ื– ื”ืณ ืžื•ืจื™ืฉ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืจ; ืžืฉืคื™ืœ ืืฃ ืžืจื•ืžืืƒ ื— ืžืงื™ื ืžืขืคืจ ื“ืœ ืžืืฉืคืช ื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืขื ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื ื—ืœื; ื›ื™ ืœื”ืณ ืžืฆืงื™ ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืชื‘ืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื‘

And that ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืืžืช has continued through today:

ืื ืืœืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฆืจื” ืชื—ื™ื ื™; ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื™ื‘ื™ ืชืฉืœื— ื™ื“ืš; ื•ืชื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืšืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื—:ื–

And it extends into the future:

ื”ืณ ื™ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™; ื”ืณ ื—ืกื“ืš ืœืขื•ืœื; ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ืš ืืœ ืชืจืฃืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื—:ื—

ื”ืณ ื™ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™: G-d will finish what He planned for me, even if I will not be alive to see it. That future, the ื—ืกื“ ืœืขื•ืœื that still needs to be completed, is the ultimate ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ืš.

ืชื‘ืืžื• ื•ืชื˜ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื ื—ืœืชืš ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืชืš ืคืขืœืช ื”ืณ; ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื“ื ึพื™ ื›ื•ื ื ื• ื™ื“ื™ืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•:ื™ื–

The ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ was the center of Davidโ€™s life and purpose, and it would always be called his.

ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืœ:ื

And now at last we come to Davidโ€™s last words, the climax of the chiasmatic appendix to ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ. If we just read them, they donโ€™t make any sense:

ื ื•ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื ื™ื; ื ืื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ื•ื ืื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื— ืืœืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื‘ ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™; ื•ืžืœืชื• ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืƒ ื’ ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืื“ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžื•ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื“ ื•ื›ืื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจ ื™ื–ืจื— ืฉืžืฉ; ื‘ืงืจ ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื’ื” ืžืžื˜ืจ ื“ืฉื ืžืืจืฅืƒ ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืึพืœ; ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืœื™ ืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืžืจื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืขื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆืžื™ื—ืƒ ื• ื•ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื›ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ ื›ืœื”ื; ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืงื—ื•ืƒ ื– ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ื™ืžืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื ื™ืช; ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ึผึทืฉืึผึธื‘ึถืชืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื›ื’

These are the final words of Dovid: The words of Dovid son of Yishai, the words of he who has been raised on high. The one anointed by Yaakovโ€™s G-d, he who lends delight to Israelโ€™s songs. The spirit of HaShem has spoken in me; His words are on my tongue. The G-d of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel spoke to me, a ruler over โ€œManโ€, righteous ruler, the fear of G-d. As does the morning light when the sun begins to shine, a light that is never darkened, the rain drops upon the grasses. [Such is not] my house, with G-d, for he has made an eternal covenant with me, well ordered and protected, [shall not all my salvation, and all my desire] sprout forth? But the wicked shall all be raked aside like thorns. For no one will take them in his hand. Whoever would touch them must wear armor and provide himself with a spear. Wherever they make their home they must be burned.

Literal translation from Rabbi Moshe Eisemann, Music Made in Heaven, pp. 58-59, with my interpolations for the words he does not translate, in brackets.

In reading the passage as it is actually written, one has the sense of peering over the shoulder of the poet as he lays out the thoughts that he plans to incorporate into his composition. In their raw state, they say both too much and too little. Not all of his ideas will ultimately be used, and those that do make it to the final draft may require further embellishment.

Rabbi Moshe Eisemann, Music Made in Heaven, p. 59

This is not a perek of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื; these are Davidโ€™s notes for his final perek, one that he will never finish.

Perhaps Dovid was indeed gripped by a realization that something, something very, very important, was beginning to slip away from him. Perhaps, by rehearsing to himself all those qualities which had, throughout his life, enabled him to be the unmatched singer of Israelโ€™s songs, he thought that he might be able to make the supreme effort to produce one final psalm which would sum up the lessons of his tortured but exhilarating life.

Did he succeed? I suspect that he did not. We noted earlier that the form in which this song has been preserved for us suggests an unfinished symphony. It is no more than a first draft, an early attempt to begin to come to grips with hazy memories of inchoate longings, a listing of suggestive nouns and phraselets which will help when the time is ripe for a true and worthy composition. As such, it certainly has no place in Sefer Tehilim.

Rabbi Moshe Eisemann, Music Made in Heaven, p. 61

So read these seven psukim as the notes for the autobiography of King David. He starts by describing himself in four parts:

  1. ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™
  2. ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืขืœ
  3. ืžืฉื™ื— ืืœืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘
  4. ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

Those four define Davidโ€™s self-identity, the way he sees his role in history.

ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™

ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ means that he is connected to the chain of leadership that goes back to Yaakov.

ืœื ื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ืงืง ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ืœื• ื™ืงื”ืช ืขืžื™ืืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื˜:ื™

ื™ื— ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืคืจืฅ ืคืจืฅ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื—ืฆืจื•ืŸืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ื—ืฆืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืจื ื•ืจื ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืƒ ื› ื•ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืฉืœืžื”ืƒ ื›ื ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื‘ืขื– ื•ื‘ืขื– ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื™ืฉื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ืƒ

ืจื•ืช ืคืจืง ื“

And each of those progenitors provides a model for Davidโ€™s leadership; we looked at that in Brotherly Love. We specifically looked at ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” and ืชืžืจ, and ื‘ืขื– and ืจื•ืช, and how their acts of ื™ื‘ื•ื were profoundly acts of ื—ืกื“, acts demonstrating that they were were willing to sacrifice to provide for other. The story of ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ leading the way into ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ is another act of ื—ืกื“ for the community. That kind of ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืืžืช, unrequited mercy, is a prerequisite for a ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ. And Davidโ€™s father was a leader as well:

ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืคืจืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืžื• ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืœื• ืฉืžื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื; ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื–:ื™ื‘

ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื: ืืžืจ ืจื‘ืโ€ฆ: ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื, ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื, ื•ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกืโ€ฆืชื ื: ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื.

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื—,ื

ื™ืฆื ื‘ืื›ืœื•ืกื ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืื›ืœื•ืกื: ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืกืดื“ ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืจืืฉ ื•ืฉืจ ืœืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื, ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืฉืœื ื ืคืงื“ ืžื”ื ืื™ืฉ, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื ื”ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืฆื ืขืžื”ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื• ืžืขืœื” ืฉื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื ืฉื”ื ืจื‘ื•ื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื—,ื

ื™ืฉื™ is seen as a military leader and a Torah scholar.

ื‘ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื is a description of a Jewish king; he doesnโ€™t stay behind but leads from the front.

ื˜ื• ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจืƒ ื˜ื– ื™ืคืงื“ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ื”ืƒ ื™ื– ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื™ืื; ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื“ืช ื”ืณ ื›ืฆืืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจืขื”ืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื›ื–

And that is who David was.

ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“; ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—:ื˜ื–

ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืขืœ

Literally, that is โ€œhe who has been raised on highโ€. But ื—ื–ืดืœ saw in that self-description a reference to what made David truly great, his ability to do ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. We looked at that extensively in Peccavi.

ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืืดืจ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€ื ืื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ื•ื ืื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืงื ืขืœโ€œ? ื ืื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”,ื

ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” is generally understood as ืขึนื•ืœึธื”ึผ: โ€the yoke of repentanceโ€œ. David by admitting his guilt with Bat Sheva becomes the exemplar of someone who bears the burden of repentance. The Maharsha says thatโ€™s not what the gemara is talking about; itโ€™s not a โ€œyokeโ€ of repentance but an ืขึนื•ืœึธื”, the โ€œburnt offeringโ€ of repentance:

ื–ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื•ืณ: ื›ืš ืฉื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื” ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื–ืœ ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื”.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ืจืฉื) ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื’

ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืณ: ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื ืงื˜ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืดืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืคืจืง ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื”ืžื” ื“ื’ื˜ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื” ื’ื˜ ืœืžืคืจืข; ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื—ื˜ื ืžื™ื”ืช ื•ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•โ€ฆ

ืžื”ืจืฉืดื, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”,ื

The ืขื•ืœื” is a tool for ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. It is the only ืงืจื‘ืŸ that can be correctly translated as โ€œsacrificeโ€. ื”ืณ doesnโ€™t need it, we do, to put ourselves in the correct frame of mind to change:

ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ื ืœืืœืงื™ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉืคืš ื“ืžื• ื•ื™ืฉืจืฃ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉืœืงื— ืžืžื ื• ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืคืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื™ื”ื ื“ืžื• ืชื—ืช ื“ืžื• ื ืคืฉ ืชื—ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจืืฉื™ ืื‘ืจื™ื•.

ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ, ื•ื™ืงืจื ื:ื˜

Davidโ€™s ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” teaches us about the power of ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” not only to atone for a specific wrong but to allow us to grow beyond the state of being a โ€œsinnerโ€. He could have justified himself, but simply says (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื™ื’)โ€Ž ื—ื˜ืืชื™ ืœื”ืณ. We all make mistakes, but we can grow from those mistakes.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืดืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจืดืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืื™: ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” [ืจืฉืดื™: ื“ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข] ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” [ืฉืœ ืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘]โ€ฆืืœื ืœืžื” ืขืฉื•? ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš, ืฉืื ื—ื˜ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื›ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ [ืจืฉืดื™: ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืœืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืฉื‘ื™ื], ื•ืื ื—ื˜ืื• ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ืโ€ฆ ืืฆืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื“,ื‘-ื”,ื

There is a famous letter that Rav Hutner wrote to one of his students.

ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืขโ€‰ ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืงื; ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืจืขื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื“:ื˜ื–

ื”ื—ื›ื ืžื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ "ืฉื‘ืข ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืงืโ€, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจื‘ื•ืชื: ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฉื‘ืข ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืžื›ื•ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืงื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื ื”ืดืฉื‘ืข ื”ื ืคื™ืœื•ืชโ€œ ืฉืœื•. (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื:ืœื) ื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐืโ€ฆืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“. (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื˜:ื–) ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข. ืื”ื•ื‘ื™, ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืื•ืชืš ืืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื™, ื•ืœื•ื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ืš, ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืชื‘ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืžืš ืžื›ืชื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื ื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืžืš ืžื›ืชื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“. ืจื•ื—ืš ืกื•ืขืจืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ.

ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ืื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืงื›ื—

That is the gift of ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืขืœ.

ืžืฉื™ื— ืืœืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘

David was specifically the anointed of ืืœืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘, a fact that he recapitulates in ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื‘.

ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช; ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืณ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืชื•ืƒ ื‘ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”ืณ; ื ื“ืจ ืœืื‘ื™ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ืƒ ื’ ืื ืื‘ื ื‘ืื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™; ืื ืืขืœื” ืขืœ ืขืจืฉ ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ืƒ ื“ ืื ืืชืŸ ืฉื ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™; ืœืขืคืขืคื™ ืชื ื•ืžื”ืƒ ื” ืขื“ ืืžืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืณ; ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื‘

We talked about this in Sitting in Yeshiva. Yaakov first made an oath to build a ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, and David saw himself as the one to fulfill that mission.

ื› ื•ื™ื“ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ื“ืจ ืœืืžืจ: ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืœืงื™ื ืขืžื“ื™ ื•ืฉืžืจื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื—ื ืœืื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืœื‘ืฉืƒ ื›ื ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืณ ืœื™ ืœืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ืืช ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืชื™ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืืœืงื™ื; ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืชืŸ ืœื™ ืขืฉืจ ืืขืฉืจื ื• ืœืšืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื›ื—

David was ืžืฉื™ื— ืืœืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘, the one to build the ื‘ื™ืช ืืœืงื™ื.

ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

That is usually translated as โ€œsweet singer of Israelโ€ but Rav Eisemann takes ื ืขื™ื as a verb: โ€œlends delight to [sweetens] the songs of Israelโ€. Tehillim have their power because they are not about David; they are about all of us; they are our songs. We just donโ€™t have the words to express what we feel, so David does that for us.

ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืฉื ืจืณ ืื—ื: ืืขืดืค ืฉืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืžืจื• ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืžื›ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืชื ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฉืœื• ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”? ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืžื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืžืœืš: ื›ืœื›ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืœื›ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืžื ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™, ืืœื ืื™ืฉ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืขืดื™ ื›ืœื›ื. ืœืžื”? ืฉืงื•ืœื• ืขืจื‘. ื›ืš, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืงืฉื• ืขืฉืจื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืดื”: ื›ืœื›ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืžื ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™, ืืœื ื“ื•ื“ ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื›ื. ืœืžื”? ืฉืงื•ืœื• ืขืจื‘. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€ื•ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€œ.

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื“:ื“

ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจืŸ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžืจืŸ. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื•; ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–,ื

But I would say that each one is ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื• and ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. Davidโ€™s expressions are ours.

ื•ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื

ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึตืจ ืขึดื ืึถื—ึธื“, ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึถืขึดืงึผึธืจ ืึฒืžึดื™ืจึทืช ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจึตื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึดืžึฐืฆื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืš ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ. ื•ึฐืฉืึธืึทืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”: ืึตื™ืš? ื•ึผืคึตืจึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ืงึฐืฆึธืช:

ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดืงึผึตืฉื ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืš, ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฆึผึดื™ืœึตื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืš ืžึตื”ึถื ื”ึทื›ึผืœ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึตืฆึถืจ ื”ึธืจึธืข ื•ึฐื—ึตื™ืœื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ื”ึทืžึผึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื.

ื•ึฐืฉืึธืึทืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน: ืึตื™ืš ื™ึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืžึตื”ึทืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืš, ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื, ืžึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตื—ึท ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ: โ€ืฉืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธืกึดื™ื“ ืึธื ึดื™โ€œ, ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”? ื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืœื•ึน: ื’ึผึทื ื–ึถื” ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืขึทืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึธื“ื•ึผืŸ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐื›ึทืฃ ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืœึดืžึฐืฆื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื•ึผื ึฐืงึปื“ึผึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐืงึปื“ึผึธื” ื”ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผืืช ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ื—ึธืกึดื™ื“ ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ื–ื”.

ืจืณ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘, ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจืดืŸ, ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™, ืชื•ืจื” ืงื›ื”, ืžึตืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืึฒืžึดื™ืจึทืช ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื

ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™

That summarizes the ways that David defined himself. Then he says, ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™. Was David a ื ื‘ื™ื? Thatโ€™s not clear.

ื•ื™ืงื— ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ืžืฉื— ืืชื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ืชืฆืœื— ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืขืœื”; ื•ื™ืงื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ืจืžืชื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื–:ื™ื’

The Targum defines this ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ as ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธื”:

ื•ึผื ึฐืกึดื™ื‘ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ื™ึทืช ืงึทืจึฐื ึธื ื“ึฐืžึดืฉืึฐื—ึธื ื•ึผืžึฐืฉืึทื— ื™ึทืช ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ื‘ึผึฐื’ื•ึน ืึฒื—ื•ึนื”ึดื™ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืจึทืช ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืขึทืœ ื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึดื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึผืœึฐืขึตืœึธื ื•ึฐืงึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ื•ึทืึฒื–ึทืœ ืœึฐืจึธืžึธืชึธืืƒ

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ , ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื–:ื™ื’

But Rashi defines this ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ as bravery and power:

ื•ืชืฆืœื— ืจื•ื— : ืจื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื–:ื™ื’

And Radak assumes that these, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื ื™ื, reflect Davidโ€™s sense that he no longer has ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ. As Rav Eisemann says, โ€œsomething veryโ€ฆimportant, was beginning to slip away from himโ€.

ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœืึพืœ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืืžืจ โ€ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืโ€œ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื

But the Rambam says that there is a difference between true ื ื‘ื•ืื”, the sense of communication with ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, and ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ, which is the sense of being inspired by but not โ€œtalking toโ€ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”.

ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืš ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”โ€ฆืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”; ื•ืœื ื™ืžื ื” ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืชื™ื”ื โ€ื ื‘ื™ืโ€œโ€ฆื•ืื ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืงืฆืช ื”ืขืชื™ื ื ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืงืฆืช ื›ืœืœื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืื“โ€ฆ

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืฉื™ืœื•ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืขื–ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื”ื• ื•ื™ื–ืจื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœโ€ฆ

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื”ืื“ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื”ื• ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ, ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื™ื ืื• ืืœึพื”ื™ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืงื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื”ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘โ€ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉโ€œ. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืžโ€ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉโ€œ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืชึผึดืœึดึผื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉืœื™ ื•ืงื•ื”ืœืช ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืโ€ฆ

ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘:ืžื”

And ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื reflects a variety of levels of ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ:

โ€ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจโ€œ : ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”. โ€ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“โ€œ: ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–,ื

So does ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ refer to his divinely inspired poetry or his divinely inspired military prowess? Yes. This is the first stage of Davidโ€™s career, as poet and military leader.

ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืื“ื ืฆื“ื™ืง

Then comes the second stage of Davidโ€™s career: he cannot avoid his destiny; he will be the ruler of Israel.

ื’ ื•ื™ืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื ืžืฆืคื” ืžื•ืื‘; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ืžืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ื™ืฆื ื ื ืื‘ื™ ื•ืืžื™ ืืชื›ื ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืื“ืข ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื’ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื•ื‘ืืช ืœืš ืืจืฅ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”; ื•ื™ืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ื ื™ืขืจ ื—ืจืชืƒ

Itโ€™s important to note that ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืื“ื ืฆื“ื™ืง is two separate phrases: ืžื•ึนืฉืึตืœึ™ ื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธึ”ื ืฆึทื“ึผึดึ•ื™ืง; the trop makes it clear that ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืื“ื and ืฆื“ื™ืง are different things. David needs to be both.

And then he also is a ืžื•ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื which I would translate as โ€œruler with ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ืโ€.

ื™ืจืื” implies a sense of separation. ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื means making a place for ื”ืณ. Rav Hutner explains that ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื is our imitation dei of ื”ืณ's ืฆืžืฆื•ื:

ื•ื”ืžื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื. ื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ื• ื ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื’ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืชืœื” ื”ื“ืจื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืœืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: โ€ื ืงืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ืžืœื” ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืืœื•ืงึท ืžืžืขืœ. ืืš ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืืชื ื• ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืฆืœื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ืืฆืœื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœื ื™ืชื•ืืจ ื™ืจืื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ืโ€ฆโ€œ, ืขื›ืดื“. ื”ืจื™ ืชืคืก ื›ื”ื ื—ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื•ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืžืื•ื“. ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœืœ: ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืฉื•ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื ืชืžืฆื ื›ื ื’ื“ื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœโ€ฆ

ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืกื—, ื ื“:ื

And then he continues by citing the Ramban, explaining ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“:

ื•ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืณืณื› ื›ื™ ืžื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืจืžื–ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืื”ื•ื‘ ืœื• ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืžื“ืช ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื“ืช ื”ื™ืจืื”.

ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืช ื›:ื—,ื“ืดื” ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•

ื‘โ€ฆื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ื“ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ โ€ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื”โ€œ; ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื” ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื™ื ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ โ€ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”โ€œโ€ฆ

ื’ ืžื“ื” ื–ื• [ืฆืžืฆื•ื] ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื“ืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื. ื“ื›ืฉื ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื• ืœืฉืžื• ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื• ืœืฉืžื• ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”. ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ืžื“ืช ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื.

ืคื—ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคืกื—, ืžืืžืจ ื ื“

Just as ื”ืณ created a space for Man, we create a space for ื”ืณ by avoiding certain actions, the ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. Creating holy spaces is also a way of creating space in our world for ื”ืณ, which is why the building of the ืžืฉื›ืŸ parallels the creation of the world. ื”ืณ creates the universe for us, and we create the ืžืงื“ืฉ for ื”ืณ.

ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธืงื•ึผืœ ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธืโ€ฆื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘: โ€ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึปืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€œ, ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธืŸ: โ€ื•ึทืชึผึตื›ึถืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึทืช ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืŸ ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€œ. ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘: โ€ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ืโ€œ, ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึธืŸ: โ€ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึนืชึธืโ€œ.

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื™ื‘:ื™ื’

So David expresses ืžื•ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื by his desire to build the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. But there is an aspect that is missing.

ื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจืชื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ืžื ื—ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื; ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืžื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ื›ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ื˜ื—ืƒ ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ื‘ื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืฉื ืฉืžื” ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืชื›ื; ืขื•ืœืชื™ื›ื ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื›ื ืžืขืฉืจืชื™ื›ื ื•ืชืจืžืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ืชื“ืจื• ืœื”ืณืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

The place of the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ canโ€™t just be a place for ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืณ; that is only half the Torah. It has to symbolize a place where ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ื˜ื—, where everyone can live together. It needs to be a place that symbolizes ืื”ื‘ื” as well as ื™ืจืื”. And David needs to be a ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืื“ื and ืฆื“ื™ืง.

He does his best:

ื•ื™ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื—:ื˜ื•

And that is how David starts his reign.

ื•ื›ืื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจ ื™ื–ืจื— ืฉืžืฉ

And he starts with this infinite potential, ื›ืื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจ ื™ื–ืจื— ืฉืžืฉ.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ; ื•ื”ืณ ืขืžื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—:ื™ื“

I was as proud as a peacock, for I had taken a kingdom the size of Vermont, and created an empire as large as the state of Maine!

Joseph Heller, G-d Knows, p. 256

And that light was ืžื ื’ื” ืžืžื˜ืจ ื“ืฉื ืžืืจืฅ, which I would translate (from the Metsudah translation) โ€œbrighter than the glint of rain on the grassโ€. It is a reference to the first โ€œkingโ€ of the Jewish people, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•:

ื‘ ื™ืขืจืฃ ื›ืžื˜ืจ ืœืงื—ื™ ืชื–ืœ ื›ื˜ืœ ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืฉืขื™ืจื ืขืœื™ ื“ืฉื ื•ื›ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืขืฉื‘ืƒ ื’ ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ืณ ืืงืจื; ื”ื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœ ืœืืœืงื™ื ื•ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ืœื‘

Davidโ€™s kingship could have been brighter than Mosheโ€™s.

ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืœื™

But, ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™. That is ambiguous: my house is not like thatโ€”what is โ€œthatโ€? Ralbag says itโ€™s Shaulโ€™s dynasty:

ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืึพืœ: ืจืดืœ ืฉื™ืกื™ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืชื›ืฃ ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœ.

ืจืœื‘ืดื’, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›:ื”

But ืœื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ may be referring to the previous pasuk; โ€œmy house, my dynastyโ€ will not be all bright and sunny. The word ื‘ื™ืช in Davidโ€™s life is ambiguous.

ื” ืœืš ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“
ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื”ืณ; ื”ืืชื” ืชื‘ื ื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉื‘ืชื™ืƒโ€ฆื™ื ื•ืœืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื™ืชื™ ืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ืชื™ ืœืš ืžื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ืš; ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืš ื”ืณืƒ ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืžืœืื• ื™ืžื™ืš ื•ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืืช ืื‘ืชื™ืš ื•ื”ืงื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื–ืจืขืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืžืžืขื™ืš; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ืชื™ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื•ืƒ ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™; ื•ื›ื ื ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืกื ืžืžืœื›ืชื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื–

And both my dynasty and my โ€œhouseโ€, the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ that will be built, will see darkness.

ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืœื™ means โ€œThough I have an eternal covenantโ€, one that is ืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืžืจื”. But that doesnโ€™t mean that his dynasty will never be punished.

ื™ื ืขืชื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ ื”ืณ ืขืžืš; ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ืšืƒ ื™ื‘ ืืš ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ืณ ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ืฆื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืšืƒ ื™ื’ ืื– ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืื ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื” ื”ืณ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื—ื–ืง ื•ืืžืฅ ืืœ ืชื™ืจื ื•ืืœ ืชื—ืชืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

And so he ends this pasuk with a rhetorical question: ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืขื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆืžื™ื—? โ€Should not my salvation, my desires, flourish?โ€œ But that isnโ€™t such a simple question, as the next pasuk makes clear.

ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ

ื•ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื›ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ ื›ืœื”ื: the wanton are like thorns to be pushed aside.

ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ. ื‘ืœื™ ืขืœ, ืฉืคืจืงื• ืขืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื’:ื™ื“

Where David is ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืขืœ, the forces that would destroy him represent the lack of ืขื•ืœ, of control. Chaos is what led to the tragedies of ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื:

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื”ืƒ

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื:ื›ื”

The ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ leads to the destruction of ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื”:

ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ; ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”ืณืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื‘:ื™ื‘

And would surround David himself:

ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืจืข ื•ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ื• ืขื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื™ืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืœื›ื• ืขืžื™ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื”ืฉืœืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœื ื•; ื›ื™ ืื ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื•ื™ืœื›ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืœ:ื›ื‘

And would threaten to split the kingdom at the end of his reign (and in fact would split the kingdom in the reign of his grandson):

ื•ืฉื ื ืงืจื ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื™; ื•ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉืคืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื”ืœื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›:ื

And specifically the ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ are compared to thorns. The thing about thorns is that throughout ืชื ืดืš, the thornbush is associated with kindling, spreading fire, rather than the pain of being pricked with thorns. The ืงื•ืฅ only supports a small flame that doesnโ€™t do much damage, but it spreads into an uncontrollable wildfire that destroys everything.

ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืืฉ ื•ืžืฆืื” ืงืฆื™ื ื•ื ืื›ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืฉ ืื• ื”ืงืžื” ืื• ื”ืฉื“ื”; ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืœื ื”ืžื‘ืขืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืจื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื‘:ื”

The gemara takes that as metaphor as well:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืช ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชื—ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: โ€ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืืฉ ื•ืžืฆืื” ืงืฆื™ืโ€œ. ืื™ืžืชื™ ืืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืื”? ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”. ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืช ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชื—ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: โ€ื•ื ืื›ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืฉโ€œ; โ€ื•ืื›ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืฉโ€œ ืœื ื ืืžืจ, ืืœื โ€ื•ื ืื›ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืฉโ€œโ€”ืฉื ืื›ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ.

ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืก,ื

And the crackling of the burning ืงื•ืฅ is a metaphor for ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข.

ื›ื™ ื›ืงื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืกื™ืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ; ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืœืƒ

ืงื•ื”ืœืช ื–:ื•

And weโ€™ve talked about (in ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช) the chaos that comes from ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, and that was the one thing that David felt would overwhelm his kingdom. These are the ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืจืข ื•ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ.

ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืจืคื•

ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ื™ืžืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื ื™ืช: Rav Eisemann translates, โ€œWhoever would touch them must wear armor and provide himself with a spearโ€, which follows Rashi:

ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ื™ืžืœื: ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื™ืžืœื ื™ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืฆืฆื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื–

But it could be a consequence: touching the ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ, getting involved in any way, leads to violence, ื™ืžืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื ื™ืช. Thereโ€™s no way to avoid it. David saw that with Avshalom and Sheva ben Bichri.

ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ื™ืžืœื ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื ื™ืช: ืจืดืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื ื™ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืžืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ.

ืจืœื‘ืดื’, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื–

The burning thorns is the very model of the worst kind of king:

ื– ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืœื™ื•ืชื ื•ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจ ื’ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื ืงื•ืœื• ื•ื™ืงืจื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืžืขื• ืืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ื ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืืœื™ื›ื ืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื— ื”ืœื•ืš ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืœืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื–ื™ืช ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืžืœื›ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•ืƒ ื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืœืชื™ ืืช ื“ืฉื ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื; ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืืƒ ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœืชืื ื”; ืœื›ื™ ืืช ืžืœื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื•ืƒ ื™ื ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืชืื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืœืชื™ ืืช ืžืชืงื™ ื•ืืช ืชื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”; ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœื’ืคืŸ; ืœื›ื™ ืืช ืžืœื•ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื ื•ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืœืชื™ ืืช ืชื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืžื— ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื; ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื ื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื˜ื“; ืœืš ืืชื” ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื ื•ืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืื˜ื“ ืืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืืชื ืžืฉื—ื™ื ืืชื™ ืœืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืื• ื—ืกื• ื‘ืฆืœื™; ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชืฆื ืืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื˜ื“ ื•ืชืื›ืœ ืืช ืืจื–ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸืƒ

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคืจืง ื˜

ืื™ืฉ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื will end up a despot and burn everything down.

But ื•ื‘ืืฉ ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ึผึทืฉืึผึธื‘ึถืช isnโ€™t necessarily a negative conclusion. Rav Eisemann translates ืฉื‘ืช as โ€œWherever they make their homeโ€. But Rashi says it refers to ื”ืณ's judgement:

ื‘ืฉื‘ืช: ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื–

If we, with ื”ืณ's help, just burn away the ืงื•ืฆื™ื, we could see the ultimate ื’ืื•ืœื”.

ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืจืคื•ืช ืฉื‚ึดื™ื“; ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืกื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืฉ ื™ืฆืชื•ืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœื’:ื™ื‘

And so ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื ื™ื end with Davidโ€™s last glimpse of ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, looking at the ideal future that echoes the last ื ื‘ื•ืื” in the history of the Jewish people, a vision of the world of justice to come:

ื™ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจ ื›ืชื ื•ืจ; ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื–ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืขืฉื” ืจืฉืขื” ืงืฉ ื•ืœื”ื˜ ืืชื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืืžืจ ื”ืณ ืฆื‘ืื•ึพืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืขื–ื‘ ืœื”ื ืฉืจืฉ ื•ืขื ืฃืƒ ื› ื•ื–ืจื—ื” ืœื›ื ื™ืจืื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืฉ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืจืคื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื”; ื•ื™ืฆืืชื ื•ืคืฉืชื ื›ืขื’ืœื™ ืžืจื‘ืงืƒโ€ฆ

ื›ื’ ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืœื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืณ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจืืƒ

ืžืœืื›ื™ ืคืจืง ื’

David couldnโ€™t complete the psalm that summarized his life. We know the aggadah about the last day of Davidโ€™s life:

ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฉื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื” ื™ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื’ืจื™ืก ื›ื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื. ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื™ื ื— ื ืคืฉื™ื”, ืงื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช ืงืžื™ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืœื™ื”, ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื” ืคืกืง ืคื•ืžื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืจืกื. ืืžืจ: ืžืื™ ืืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื™ื”? ื”ื•ื” ืœื™ื” ื‘ื•ืกืชื ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื”. ืืชื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช ืกืœื™ืง ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืœื ื™. ื ืคืง ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื™. ื”ื•ื” ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ื“ืจื’ื, ืื™ืคื—ื™ืช ื“ืจื’ื ืžืชื•ืชื™ื”, ืื™ืฉืชื™ืง ื•ื ื— ื ืคืฉื™ื”.

ืฉื‘ืช ืœ,ื‘

I have this imageโ€”based on nothing in the text or our traditionโ€”just a nice thought. David is looking at his notes for this, his autobiographical swan song. Itโ€™s ืฉื‘ืช, so he canโ€™t write anything down, but heโ€™s finally put it together in a way that will cap all of ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื. At that moment, he looks up and is distracted, ืื™ืฉืชื™ืง, he is silent and the ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ืช takes him. We never learn the real ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื ื™ื.

But we will conclude our study of ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื and the life of ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš with a look back at ืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื ื”, the introductory โ€œpsalmโ€ to ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ:

ื”ืณ ื™ื—ืชื• ืžืจื™ื‘ื• ืขืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืจืขื ื”ืณ ื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืืคืกื™ ืืจืฅ; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืขื– ืœืžืœื›ื• ื•ื™ืจื ืงืจืŸ ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื‘:ื™

ื”ืณ will give eternal strength to His king. As long as we learn, recite and sing ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, we can say ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื.

Thank you for joining me on this journey.