The last perek of ืชืืืืื that we will look at is the one where David says, simply, โThank Youโ.
ื ืืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืืื; ื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ื ืืฉืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืงืืฉื ืืืืื ืืช ืฉืื ืขื ืืกืื ืืขื ืืืชื; ืื ืืืืืช ืขื ืื ืฉืื ืืืจืชืื ื ืืืื ืงืจืืชื ืืชืขื ื ื; ืชืจืืื ื ืื ืคืฉื ืขืื
ื ืื ืืืืื refers not to ืืณ but to the elite: I will thank ืืณ in public.
ื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจื: ืืขืื ื ืืฉืจืื.
ื ืื ืืืืื: ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืงืืืืื ืืฉืคืื ืืืงืื ืืืจืฅ.
We see this use of ืืืืื often in ืชื ืดื:
ืืืืืจ ืืืกืฃ; ืืืงืื ื ืืฆื ืืขืืช ืึพื; ืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืฉืคืื
He thanks ืืณ โ โืขื ืืกืื ืืขื ืืืชืโ, which is a common hendiadys in ืชื ืดื.
ืืกื ืืืืช: ืืกื ืฉืขืืฉืื ืขื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช, ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืคื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืื.
True gratitude is acknowledging that ืืณ's ืืกื is ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช; nothing we can do will repay Him.
And then David continues, ืืืืืช ืขื ืื ืฉืื ืืืจืชื.โ ืืืจืชื is what You have said to do for me; ืฉืื is Your reputation, what I have heard about Your ืืกื in the past. The truth, my personal experience, is far beyond that.
And what was that ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช?โ ืืืื ืงืจืืชื ืืชืขื ื ื and then ืชืจืืื ื ืื ืคืฉื ืขื.โ ืจืื is a rare word; most commonly it is a poetic name for Egypt, but here it means โreputation for greatnessโ.
ืืื ืฉื ืืชืื ื ืืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืืืจืช ืฉืืื ืื ืฉื ื ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืืื;
ืืจืืื ืฉื, ืืืื ืืชืงืคื.
So, ืชืจืืื ื ืื ืคืฉื ืขื would mean โYou have made me great by imbuing my soul with strengthโ; In other words, โYou have let me be the best that I can beโ.
And then David turns to the other kings of the nations; they need to thank ืืณ as well.
ื ืืืืื ืืณ ืื ืืืื ืืจืฅ; ืื ืฉืืขื ืืืจื ืคืืื ื ืืืฉืืจื ืืืจืื ืืณ; ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืณื
There is a concept that kings (or any political leader) rule as the representative of the One True King; in Europe that became the justification for absolute monarchy.
In European Christianity, the divine right of kings, divine right, or G-dโs mandation, is a political and religious doctrine of political legitimacy of a monarchy.
But ืชืืืืื's conception of the divine right of kings is the opposite. It means that the king has a greater responsibility, and less free will, than ordinary people.
ืคืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืณ; ืขื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืืคืฅ ืืื ืื
And then David expresses his gratitude by acknowledging his lowly beginnings.
ืื ืจื ืืณ ืืฉืคื ืืจืื; ืืืื ืืืจืืง ืืืืขื
And ื ืชื had told him:
ื ืืขืชื ืื ืชืืืจ ืืขืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืฆืืืืช ืื ื ืืงืืชืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืฆืื ืืืืืช ื ืืื ืขื ืขืื ืขื ืืฉืจืืื ื ืืืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืืืจืชื ืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืื; ืืขืฉืชื ืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจืฅื
This perek brings us back full circle to a generation before Davidโs birth, when ืื ื sang her ืฉืืจื about the future king:
ื ืืณ ืืืจืืฉ ืืืขืฉืืจ; ืืฉืคืื ืืฃ ืืจืืืื ื ืืงืื ืืขืคืจ ืื ืืืฉืคืช ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืขื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ืืืื ืื ืืื; ืื ืืืณ ืืฆืงื ืืจืฅ ืืืฉืช ืขืืืื ืชืืื
And that ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช has continued through today:
ืื ืืื ืืงืจื ืฆืจื ืชืืื ื; ืขื ืืฃ ืืืื ืชืฉืื ืืื; ืืชืืฉืืขื ื ืืืื ืื
And it extends into the future:
ืืณ ืืืืจ ืืขืื; ืืณ ืืกืื ืืขืืื; ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืื ืชืจืฃื
ืืณ ืืืืจ ืืขืื: G-d will finish what He planned for me, even if I will not be alive to see it. That future, the ืืกื ืืขืืื that still needs to be completed, is the ultimate ืืขืฉื ืืืื.
ืชืืืื ืืชืืขืื ืืืจ ื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืคืขืืช ืืณ; ืืงืืฉ ืืื ึพื ืืื ื ื ืืืืื
The ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ was the center of Davidโs life and purpose, and it would always be called his.
ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืื ืืช ืืืืช ืืืืื
And now at last we come to Davidโs last words, the climax of the chiasmatic appendix to ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื. If we just read them, they donโt make any sense:
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื; ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืงื ืขื ืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืขืงื ืื ืขืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืืื ื ืจืื ืืณ ืืืจ ืื; ืืืืชื ืขื ืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืืงื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืฆืืจ ืืฉืจืื; ืืืฉื ืืืื ืฆืืืง ืืืฉื ืืจืืช ืืืงืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืงืจ ืืืจื ืฉืืฉ; ืืงืจ ืื ืขืืืช ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืจืฅื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืืชื ืขื ืึพื; ืื ืืจืืช ืขืืื ืฉื ืื ืขืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื ืื ืื ืืฉืขื ืืื ืืคืฅ ืื ืื ืืฆืืืื ื ืืืืืขื ืืงืืฅ ืื ื ืืืื; ืื ืื ืืื ืืงืืื ื ืืืืฉ ืืืข ืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืขืฅ ืื ืืช; ืืืืฉ ืฉืจืืฃ ืืฉืจืคื ืึผึทืฉืึผึธืึถืชื
These are the final words of Dovid: The words of Dovid son of Yishai, the words of he who has been raised on high. The one anointed by Yaakovโs G-d, he who lends delight to Israelโs songs. The spirit of HaShem has spoken in me; His words are on my tongue. The G-d of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel spoke to me, a ruler over โManโ, righteous ruler, the fear of G-d. As does the morning light when the sun begins to shine, a light that is never darkened, the rain drops upon the grasses. [Such is not] my house, with G-d, for he has made an eternal covenant with me, well ordered and protected, [shall not all my salvation, and all my desire] sprout forth? But the wicked shall all be raked aside like thorns. For no one will take them in his hand. Whoever would touch them must wear armor and provide himself with a spear. Wherever they make their home they must be burned.
In reading the passage as it is actually written, one has the sense of peering over the shoulder of the poet as he lays out the thoughts that he plans to incorporate into his composition. In their raw state, they say both too much and too little. Not all of his ideas will ultimately be used, and those that do make it to the final draft may require further embellishment.
This is not a perek of ืชืืืืื; these are Davidโs notes for his final perek, one that he will never finish.
Perhaps Dovid was indeed gripped by a realization that something, something very, very important, was beginning to slip away from him. Perhaps, by rehearsing to himself all those qualities which had, throughout his life, enabled him to be the unmatched singer of Israelโs songs, he thought that he might be able to make the supreme effort to produce one final psalm which would sum up the lessons of his tortured but exhilarating life.
Did he succeed? I suspect that he did not. We noted earlier that the form in which this song has been preserved for us suggests an unfinished symphony. It is no more than a first draft, an early attempt to begin to come to grips with hazy memories of inchoate longings, a listing of suggestive nouns and phraselets which will help when the time is ripe for a true and worthy composition. As such, it certainly has no place in Sefer Tehilim.
So read these seven psukim as the notes for the autobiography of King David. He starts by describing himself in four parts:
- ืืื ืื ืืฉื
- ืืืืจ ืืงื ืขื
- ืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืขืงื
- ื ืขืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืื
Those four define Davidโs self-identity, the way he sees his role in history.
ืืื ืื ืืฉื
ืื ืืฉื means that he is connected to the chain of leadership that goes back to Yaakov.
ืื ืืกืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืง ืืืื ืจืืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงืืช ืขืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืชืืืืืช ืคืจืฅ ืคืจืฅ ืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืจืืื ืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืจื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืื ื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืืื ืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืขื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื
And each of those progenitors provides a model for Davidโs leadership; we looked at that in Brotherly Love. We specifically looked at ืืืืื and ืชืืจ, and ืืขื and ืจืืช, and how their acts of ืืืื were profoundly acts of ืืกื, acts demonstrating that they were were willing to sacrifice to provide for other. The story of ื ืืฉืื leading the way into ืื ืกืืฃ is another act of ืืกื for the community. That kind of ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช, unrequited mercy, is a prerequisite for a ืืื ืืฉืจืื. And Davidโs father was a leader as well:
ืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืคืจืชื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืื ืื; ืืืืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืงื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื
ืืืืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืงื ืื ืืื ืฉืื: ืืืจ ืจืืโฆ: ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืืืืืืกื, ืื ืื ืก ืืืืืืืกื, ืืืจืฉ ืืืืืืืกืโฆืชื ื: ืืื ืืืืืืกื ืคืืืชื ืืฉืฉืื ืจืืื.
ืืฆื ืืืืืืกื ืื ืื ืก ืืืืืืกื: ื ืจืื ืื ืืกืดื ืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืฉืฉืื ืจืืื, ืืืฆืืื ืฉืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ืืืฉ, ืืื ืื ืืืืจืชื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืื ืก ืืืืืืืกื ืื ืืืชื ืฉืืฆื ืขืืื, ืืขืื ืื ืืขืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืืืจื ืชืืจื ืืืืืืืกื ืฉืื ืจืืื ืขื ืืจืื.
ืืฉื is seen as a military leader and a Torah scholar.
ืื ืืื ืฉืื is a description of a Jewish king; he doesnโt stay behind but leads from the front.
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืืณ ืืืืจื ืื ืืคืงื ืืณ ืืืงื ืืจืืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืฉ ืขื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืฆื ืืคื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืคื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืฆืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื; ืืื ืชืืื ืขืืช ืืณ ืืฆืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืจืขืื
And that is who David was.
ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืื; ืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืคื ืืืื
ืืืืจ ืืงื ืขื
Literally, that is โhe who has been raised on highโ. But ืืืดื saw in that self-description a reference to what made David truly great, his ability to do ืชืฉืืื. We looked at that extensively in Peccavi.
ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืดืจ ืืื ืชื: ืืื ืืืชืื โื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืงื ืขืโ? ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืฉืืงืื ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื.
ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื is generally understood as ืขึนืืึธืึผ: โthe yoke of repentanceโ. David by admitting his guilt with Bat Sheva becomes the exemplar of someone who bears the burden of repentance. The Maharsha says thatโs not what the gemara is talking about; itโs not a โyokeโ of repentance but an ืขึนืืึธื, the โburnt offeringโ of repentance:
ืืืช ืชืืจืช ืืขืืื ืืืืณ: ืื ืฉื ื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืืชื ืขืืื ืืืื ืงืืืฉื ืืคื ื ืฉืื ืืืชื ืื ืขื ืขืื ืืช, ืืฉื ืืืชื ืืื ืขื ืืืืืืืช, ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ืขื ืืืืช ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืจืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืืจ ืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืงืจืื ืืขืืื.
ืฉืืงืื ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืืืณ: ืืฉ ืืคืจืฉ ืื ืงื ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื ืขืดืฉ ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืฉืื, ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืช ืฉืืข ืืืืืจืื ื ืคืจืง ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืืชืืช ืืื ืืืชื ืืืฉืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืคืจืข; ืืื ืืคื ืืขืืื ืขื ืืืืฉืื, ืืื ืืืืช ืื ืขื ืฉ ืขืืืโฆ
The ืขืืื is a tool for ืชืฉืืื. It is the only ืงืจืื that can be correctly translated as โsacrificeโ. ืืณ doesnโt need it, we do, to put ourselves in the correct frame of mind to change:
ืืื ืฉืืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืืคื ืืื ืคืฉื ืืจืืื ืื ืฉืืฉืคื ืืื ืืืฉืจืฃ ืืืคื ืืืื ืืกื ืืืืจื ืฉืืงื ืืื ื ืชืืืจื ืืืคืจ ืืงืจืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืชืืช ืืื ื ืคืฉ ืชืืช ื ืคืฉ ืืจืืฉื ืืืจื ืืงืจืื ืื ืื ืจืืฉื ืืืจืื.
Davidโs ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื teaches us about the power of ืชืฉืืื not only to atone for a specific wrong but to allow us to grow beyond the state of being a โsinnerโ. He could have justified himself, but simply says (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืืืชื ืืืณ. We all make mistakes, but we can grow from those mistakes.
ืืืืื ื ืืืดืจ ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืดืฉ ืื ืืืืื: ืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืชื ืืขืฉื [ืจืฉืดื: ืืืช ืฉืืข] ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืจืืืื ืืืืชื ืืขืฉื [ืฉื ืขืื ืืืื]โฆืืื ืืื ืขืฉื? ืืืืจ ืื, ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืืื [ืจืฉืดื: ืืืืจืช ืืื ืืืชื ืืืชื ืคืชืืื ืคื ืืฉืืื], ืืื ืืืื ืฆืืืจ ืืืืจืืโฆ ืืฆื ืฆืืืจ.
There is a famous letter that Rav Hutner wrote to one of his students.
ืื ืฉืืขโ ืืคืื ืฆืืืง ืืงื; ืืจืฉืขืื ืืืฉืื ืืจืขืื
ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ "ืฉืืข ืืคืื ืฆืืืง ืืงืโ, ืืืืืคืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืจื ืจืืืชื: ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืฉืืข ืืืคืื ืฆืืืง, ืืืื ืืงืื ืืื ืงื. ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืืืช ืืงืืื ืฉื ืืฆืืืง ืืื ืืดืฉืืข ืื ืคืืืืชโ ืฉืื. (ืืจืืฉืืช ื:ืื) ืึทืึทึผืจึฐืโฆืึถืช ืึธึผื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธืื ืึฐืึดื ึตึผื ืืึนื ืึฐืึนื. (ืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ื:ื) ืืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข. ืืืืื, ืื ื ื ืืืืฅ ืืืชื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืืฉ ืืืืื ื, ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชืื ืืกืคืจ ืื ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืขืฉืื ืืืืืื ืฉืื, ืืืืชื ืืืืจ ืฉืงืืืืชื ืืื ืืืชื ืืื. ืขืืฉืื ืฉืืืชืื ืืกืคืจ ืขื ืืืจ ืืจืืืืช ืื ืคืืืืช ืืืืฉืืืื, ืื ื ื ืืืืจ ืฉืงืืืืชื ืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืื. ืจืืื ืกืืขืจืช ืืงืจืืช ืืฉืืืคื ืืืืืช ืืืื.
That is the gift of ืืืืจ ืืงื ืขื.
ืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืขืงื
David was specifically the anointed of ืืืงื ืืขืงื, a fact that he recapitulates in ืชืืืืื ืคืจืง ืงืื.
ื ืฉืืจ ืืืขืืืช; ืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืื ืืช ืื ืขื ืืชืื ื ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืข ืืืณ; ื ืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืขืงืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืชื; ืื ืืขืื ืขื ืขืจืฉ ืืฆืืขืื ื ืื ืืชื ืฉื ืช ืืขืื ื; ืืขืคืขืคื ืชื ืืืื ื ืขื ืืืฆื ืืงืื ืืืณ; ืืฉืื ืืช ืืืืืจ ืืขืงืื
We talked about this in Sitting in Yeshiva. Yaakov first made an oath to build a ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ, and David saw himself as the one to fulfill that mission.
ื ืืืืจ ืืขืงื ื ืืจ ืืืืจ: ืื ืืืื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืจื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืชื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉื
ืื ืืฉืืชื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืช ืืื; ืืืื ืืณ ืื ืืืืงืืื
ืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืฉืืชื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืงืื; ืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืชื ืื ืขืฉืจ ืืขืฉืจื ื ืืื
David was ืืฉืื ืืืงื ืืขืงื, the one to build the ืืืช ืืืงืื.
ื ืขืื ืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืื
That is usually translated as โsweet singer of Israelโ but Rav Eisemann takes ื ืขืื as a verb: โlends delight to [sweetens] the songs of Israelโ. Tehillim have their power because they are not about David; they are about all of us; they are our songs. We just donโt have the words to express what we feel, so David does that for us.
ืจืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืจืณ ืืื: ืืขืดืค ืฉืขืฉืจื ืื ื ืืื ืืืจื ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื, ืืืืืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืขื ืฉืืืชื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื. ืืฉืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื? ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืืงืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื: ืืืื ื ืขืืืื, ืืืื ืืกืืืื, ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืคื ื, ืืื ืืืฉ ืคืืื ื ืืืืจ ืขืดื ืืืื. ืืื? ืฉืงืืื ืขืจื. ืื, ืืฉืขื ืฉืืงืฉื ืขืฉืจื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืจ ืกืคืจ ืืชืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืดื: ืืืื ื ืขืืืื ืืืกืืืื ืืืฉืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืคื ื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืื ืืืื. ืืื? ืฉืงืืื ืขืจื. ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื โืื ืขืื ืืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืืโ.
ืชื ื ืจืื ื: ืื ืฉืืจืืช ืืชืืฉืืืืช ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืืกืคืจ ืชืืืื, ืจืื ืืืืขืืจ ืืืืจ: ืื ืื ืขืฆืื ืืืจื. ืจืื ืืืืฉืข ืืืืจ: ืื ืื ืฆืืืืจ ืืืจื. ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื: ืืฉ ืืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืื ืขืฆืื. ืืืืืจืืช ืืืฉืื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืขืฆืื; ืืืืืจืืช ืืืฉืื ืจืืื, ืื ืื ืฆืืืืจ.
But I would say that each one is ืื ืื ืขืฆืื and ืื ืื ืฆืืืืจ. Davidโs expressions are ours.
ืื ืขืื ืืืืจืืช ืืฉืจืื: ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืจืจืื ืืืงืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืจืืชืื ืืืืืจืืชืื.
ืึผึดืึผึตืจ ืขึดื ืึถืึธื, ืึฐืึธืึทืจ ืืึน ืฉืึถืขึดืงึผึธืจ ืึฒืึดืืจึทืช ืชึผึฐืึดืึผึดืื ืืึนืึทืจ ืึผึธื ืึดืึฐืืึนืจึตื ืชึผึฐืึดืึผึดืื ืขึทื ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึดืึฐืฆื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึผึฐืชืึนื ืึผึธื ืึดืึฐืืึนืจ ืึผืึดืึฐืืึนืจ. ืึฐืฉืึธืึทื ืืึนืชืึน ืึดืึฐืจืึนื ืึน ืึดืึฐืจึธืึธื: ืึตืื? ืึผืคึตืจึตืฉื ืืึน ืจึทืึผึตื ืึผ, ืึดืึฐืจืึนื ืึน ืึดืึฐืจึธืึธื, ืงึฐืฆึธืช:
ืึผึดื ืึธื ืึทืึผึดืึฐืึธืืึนืช ืฉืึถืึผึดืงึผึตืฉื ืึผึธืึดื ืึทืึผึถืึถื, ืขึธืึธืื ืึทืฉึผืึธืืึนื ืฉืึถืึผึทืฆึผึดืืึตืืึผ ืึทืฉึผืึตื ืึดืชึฐืึผึธืจึทื ืึตืึถื ืึทืึผื ืฆึฐืจึดืืึดืื ืึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืึฐืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืขึทื ืึดืึฐืึถืึถืช ืึทืึผึตืฆึถืจ ืึธืจึธืข ืึฐืึตืืืึนืชึธืื ืึฐืึทืึผืึนืฆึตื ืึผึธืึถื ืึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืึทืึผึดืึฐืืึนืจึดืื.
ืึฐืฉืึธืึทื ืืึนืชืึน: ืึตืื ืึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืึฐืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึตืึทืคึผึฐืกืึผืงึดืื, ืฉืึถืึผึธืึดื ืึทืึผึถืึถื, ืขึธืึธืื ืึทืฉึผืึธืืึนื, ืึฐืฉืึทืึผึตืึท ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึผึฐืืึนื: โืฉืึธืึฐืจึธื ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื ืึผึดื ืึธืกึดืื ืึธื ึดืโ, ืึฐืึทืึผืึนืฆึตื ืึผึธืึถื? ืึตืฉืึดืื ืืึน: ืึผึทื ืึถื ืฆึฐืจึดืืึดืื ืึฐืคึธืจึตืฉื ืขึทื ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน, ืึผึดื ืฆึฐืจึดืืึดืื ืึธืืึผื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึฐืึทืฃ ืึฐืืึผืช ืึฐืึดืึฐืฆื ืึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืืึน ืึตืืึถื ืึฐืืึผืช ืึผื ึฐืงึปืึผึธื ืืึนืึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึผึดืึฐืึดืื ึทืช ืึทื ึผึฐืงึปืึผึธื ืืืึนืึธื ืึทืึผืืช ืืึผื ืึผึฐืึดืื ึทืช ืึธืกึดืื ืึฐืึทืึผืึนืฆึตื ืืื.
ืจืื ืืณ ืืืจ ืื
That summarizes the ways that David defined himself. Then he says, ืจืื ืืณ ืืืจ ืื. Was David a ื ืืื? Thatโs not clear.
ืืืงื ืฉืืืื ืืช ืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืืืฉื ืืชื ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืชืฆืื ืจืื ืืณ ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื; ืืืงื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืชืื
The Targum defines this ืจืื ืืณ as ืจืึผืึท ื ึฐืืึผืึธื:
ืึผื ึฐืกึดืื ืฉืึฐืืึผืึตื ืึทืช ืงึทืจึฐื ึธื ืึฐืึดืฉืึฐืึธื ืึผืึฐืฉืึทื ืึทืช ืึธืึดื ืึผึฐืืึน ืึฒืืึนืึดื ืึผืฉืึฐืจึทืช ืจืึผืึท ื ึฐืืึผืึธื ืึดื ืงึณืึธื ืึฐืึธ ืขึทื ืึธืึดื ืึดืืึนืึธื ืึทืืึผื ืึผืึฐืขึตืึธื ืึฐืงึธื ืฉืึฐืืึผืึตื ืึทืึฒืึทื ืึฐืจึธืึธืชึธืื
But Rashi defines this ืจืื ืืณ as bravery and power:
ืืชืฆืื ืจืื : ืจืื ืืืืจื.
And Radak assumes that these, ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื, reflect Davidโs sense that he no longer has ืจืื ืืงืืฉ. As Rav Eisemann says, โsomething veryโฆimportant, was beginning to slip away from himโ.
ืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืึพื ืฉืืงืืื ืืืืืืช, ืืืืจ โืืืืจืื ืืโ ืฉืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืจืืช ืืืืืืืจืื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืืคืืข ืขืืื ืจืื ืืงืืฉ.
But the Rambam says that there is a difference between true ื ืืืื, the sense of communication with ืืงืืดื, and ืจืื ืืงืืฉ, which is the sense of being inspired by but not โtalking toโ ืืงืืดื.
ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืื ืืืจืืืช ืื ืืืืโฆืืื ืืืืจืื ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืฉื ืืช ืื ืืขืืืช ืื ืืืื; ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืฉืืืืข ืืืขืื ืืฉืชืืื โื ืืืโโฆืืื ืืงืจื ืืงืฆืช ืืขืชืื ื ืืื, ืืื ืืงืฆืช ืืืืืช, ืืืืืชื ืงืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืโฆ
ืืืืจืื ืืจืืฉืื ื, ืชืืืืช ืืืจืืืช ืื ืืืื, ืฉืืืื ืืืืฉ ืขืืจ ืืืงืื ืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืื ืืืืโฆ
ืืืืจืื ืืฉื ืื ืืื, ืฉืืืฆื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืชืืืฉ ืืืฉืืืื ืึฐืึทืึผึตืจ, ืืืืืจ ืืืืืืช ืื ืืชืฉืืืืช, ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืจื ืืืขืืืื, ืื ืืขื ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืึพืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืืขืช ืืืงืืฆื ืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืฉืื ืขื ืื ืืืืื. ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืขืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืโืจืื ืืงืืืฉโ. ืืืื ืืืื ืโืจืื ืืงืืืฉโ ืืืืจ ืืื ืชึผึดืึดึผืื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืงืืืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืฉืืจืืโฆ
And ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื reflects a variety of levels of ืจืื ืืงืืืฉ:
โืืืื ืืืืืจโ : ืืืื ืฉืฉืจืชื ืขืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืฉืืจื. โืืืืืจ ืืืืโ: ืืืื ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืจืชื ืขืืื ืฉืืื ื.
So does ืจืื ืืณ ืืืจ ืื refer to his divinely inspired poetry or his divinely inspired military prowess? Yes. This is the first stage of Davidโs career, as poet and military leader.
ืืืฉื ืืืื ืฆืืืง
Then comes the second stage of Davidโs career: he cannot avoid his destiny; he will be the ruler of Israel.
ื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืฆืคื ืืืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆื ื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืข ืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืงืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืฉื ืืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืช ืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืจ ืืจืชื
Itโs important to note that ืืืฉื ืืืื ืฆืืืง is two separate phrases: ืืึนืฉืึตืึ ืึผึธืึธืึธึื ืฆึทืึผึดึืืง; the trop makes it clear that ืืืฉื ืืืื and ืฆืืืง are different things. David needs to be both.
And then he also is a ืืืฉื ืืจืืช ืืืงืื which I would translate as โruler with ืืจืืช ืืืงืืโ.
ืืจืื implies a sense of separation. ืืจืืช ืืืงืื means making a place for ืืณ. Rav Hutner explains that ืืจืืช ืืืงืื is our imitation dei of ืืณ's ืฆืืฆืื:
ืืืื ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืื ื ืืคืชืื ืืืกืืจืช ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืื ืืขืืช ืืขื ืื ื ืฉื ืืจืืช ืฉืืื. ืืขืืช ืื ื ืชืคืฉืื ืื ืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืืจ ืืช ืกืคืจ ืชืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืืจ ืขืืื, ืืื ืขืื ืืื ืฉืชืื ืืืจืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื. ืืืืขื ืืืืื ืืขื ืื ื ืขืชืืง ืืช ืืืจืื: โื ืงื ืืืขืช ืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืฆืืืช ืืืื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืง ืืืืงึท ืืืขื. ืื ืืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉื ืืืจืฉ ืืืชื ื ืื ืฉืืื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืืืจืื, ืื ืืฆืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืจืื ืืก ืืฉืืืโฆโ, ืขืืดื. ืืจื ืชืคืก ืืื ืื ืคืฉืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืชืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืชืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืงืื. ืืชืคืืกื ืื ืืื ืืขืืช ืืจืืขื ืืืื. ืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื: ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืชื ืืขื ืืขืืืืช ืืฉื ืฉืื ืชืืฆื ืื ืืื ืชื ืืขื ืืงืืืื ืืืืืชืื ืฉื ืืงืื ืืืืืืโฆ
And then he continues by citing the Ramban, explaining ืืืืจ ืืฉืืืจ ืฉื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืืืืจ ืืื:
ืืืืช ืืื ืืณืณื ืื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืจืืื ืืืฆืืช ืขืฉื, ืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืืื, ืื ืืขืืฉื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืจืื ืขืืื, ืืืืช ืฉืืืจ ืืืฆืืช ืื ืชืขืฉื, ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืืืช ืืืจืื.
ืโฆืืื ืืื ืฉืืชื ืืจืืืดื ืืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ
ืฉื ืงืืื ืืฆืืช ืขืฉื, ืืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืขื ืฉืื ืคืฉ ื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืืชืคืฉืืืช ื ืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืช ืฉื โืงืื ืืขืฉืโ; ืืืขืืืชื ืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืคืจืืฉื ืืขืืืจืืช, ืืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืขื ืฉืื ืคืฉ ื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืฉื ืืชืืืืฆืืช, ืืืืืชืื ืืฆืืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืืื, ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืฆื ืฉื โืฉื ืืื ืชืขืฉืโโฆ
ื ืืื ืื [ืฆืืฆืื] ืฉืืื ืืืช ืืืืืชืื ืฉื ืืงืืดื
ืืื ืืืช ืขืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืงืืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืฉื ืขืืื
ืืฉื. ืืืฉื ืฉืืืืืื ืืชื ืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืฆืืฆืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืื
ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืฉื ืืฆืืฆืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืื
ืืืืืืื ืฉื ืืงืืดื. ืื ืืืช ืฆืืฆืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืจืืช ืฉืืื.
Just as ืืณ created a space for Man, we create a space for ืืณ by avoiding certain actions, the ืืฆืืืช ืื ืชืขืฉื. Creating holy spaces is also a way of creating space in our world for ืืณ, which is why the building of the ืืฉืื parallels the creation of the world. ืืณ creates the universe for us, and we create the ืืงืืฉ for ืืณ.
ืึถืช ืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึผึธื, ืฉืึถืืึผื ืฉืึธืงืึผื ืึผึฐื ึถืึถื ืึธืขืึนืึธืโฆืึผึฐืชึดืื: โืึทืึฐืึปืึผืึผ ืึทืฉึผืึธืึทืึดื ืืืืณโ, ืึผืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึผึธื: โืึทืชึผึตืึถื ืึผึธื ืขึฒืึนืึทืช ืึดืฉืึฐืึผึทื ืืืืณโ. ืึผึดืึฐืจึดืืึทืช ืขืึนืึธื ืึผึฐืชึดืื: โืึทืึฐืึธืจึถืึฐ ืึฑืึนืงึดืืโ, ืึผืึทืึผึดืฉืึฐืึผึธื: โืึทืึฐืึธืจึถืึฐ ืึนืชึธืโ.
So David expresses ืืืฉื ืืจืืช ืืืงืื by his desire to build the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ. But there is an aspect that is missing.
ื ืืขืืจืชื ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืฉืืชื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืื ืืื ืืชืื; ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืืฉืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืฉืื ืชืืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืฆืื ืืชืื; ืขืืืชืืื ืืืืืืื ืืขืฉืจืชืืื ืืชืจืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ื ืืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืืจื ืืืณื
The place of the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ canโt just be a place for ืขืืืืช ืืณ; that is only half the Torah. It has to symbolize a place where ืืืฉืืชื ืืื, where everyone can live together. It needs to be a place that symbolizes ืืืื as well as ืืจืื. And David needs to be a ืืืฉื ืืืื and ืฆืืืง.
He does his best:
ืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืฉืคื ืืฆืืงื ืืื ืขืืื
And that is how David starts his reign.
ืืืืืจ ืืงืจ ืืืจื ืฉืืฉ
And he starts with this infinite potential, ืืืืจ ืืงืจ ืืืจื ืฉืืฉ.
ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืืื; ืืืณ ืขืืื
I was as proud as a peacock, for I had taken a kingdom the size of Vermont, and created an empire as large as the state of Maine!
And that light was ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืจืฅ, which I would translate (from the Metsudah translation) โbrighter than the glint of rain on the grassโ. It is a reference to the first โkingโ of the Jewish people, ืืฉื ืจืืื ื:
ื ืืขืจืฃ ืืืืจ ืืงืื ืชืื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืืฉืขืืจื ืขืื ืืฉื ืืืจืืืืื ืขืื ืขืฉืื ื ืื ืฉื ืืณ ืืงืจื; ืืื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืื
Davidโs kingship could have been brighter than Mosheโs.
ืื ืืจืืช ืขืืื ืฉื ืื
But, ืื ืื ืื ืืืชื. That is ambiguous: my house is not like thatโwhat is โthatโ? Ralbag says itโs Shaulโs dynasty:
ืื ืื ืื ืืืชื ืขื ืึพื: ืจืดื ืฉืืกืืจ ืืืืืชื ืชืืฃ ืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื.
But ืื ืื ืืืชื may be referring to the previous pasuk; โmy house, my dynastyโ will not be all bright and sunny. The word ืืืช in Davidโs life is ambiguous.
ื ืื ืืืืจืช ืื ืขืืื ืื ืืื
ืื ืืืจ ืืณ; ืืืชื ืชืื ื ืื ืืืช ืืฉืืชืืโฆืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืืืชื ืฉืคืืื ืขื ืขืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืืื; ืืืืื ืื ืืณ ืื ืืืช ืืขืฉื ืื ืืณื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืช ืืืชืื ืืืงืืืชื ืืช ืืจืขื ืืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืฆื ืืืขืื; ืืืืื ืชื ืืช ืืืืืชืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืช ืืฉืื; ืืื ื ืชื ืืช ืืกื ืืืืืชื ืขื ืขืืืื
And both my dynasty and my โhouseโ, the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ that will be built, will see darkness.
ืื ืืจืืช ืขืืื ืฉื ืื means โThough I have an eternal covenantโ, one that is ืขืจืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื. But that doesnโt mean that his dynasty will never be punished.
ืื ืขืชื ืื ื ืืื ืืณ ืขืื; ืืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืช ืืืช ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืขืืืื ืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืณ ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืืฆืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืชืืจืช ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืื ืื ืชืฆืืื ืื ืชืฉืืืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืช ืืืงืื ืืืช ืืืฉืคืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืณ ืืช ืืฉื ืขื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืง ืืืืฅ ืื ืชืืจื ืืื ืชืืชื
And so he ends this pasuk with a rhetorical question: ืื ืื ืืฉืขื ืืื ืืคืฅ ืื ืื ืืฆืืื? โShould not my salvation, my desires, flourish?โ But that isnโt such a simple question, as the next pasuk makes clear.
ืืืืขื
ืืืืืขื ืืงืืฅ ืื ื ืืืื: the wanton are like thorns to be pushed aside.
ืื ื ืืืืขื. ืืื ืขื, ืฉืคืจืงื ืขืื ืฉื ืืงืื.
Where David is ืืืืจ ืืงื ืขื, the forces that would destroy him represent the lack of ืขืื, of control. Chaos is what led to the tragedies of ืกืคืจ ืฉืืคืืื:
ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื; ืืืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ืื ืืขืฉืื
The ืืืืขื leads to the destruction of ืืฉืื ืฉืืื:
ืืื ื ืขืื ืื ื ืืืืขื; ืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืณื
And would surround David himself:
ืืืขื ืื ืืืฉ ืจืข ืืืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ื ืชื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืฆืื ื; ืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื ืืืช ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื
And would threaten to split the kingdom at the end of his reign (and in fact would split the kingdom in the reign of his grandson):
ืืฉื ื ืงืจื ืืืฉ ืืืืขื ืืฉืื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืื ื; ืืืชืงืข ืืฉืคืจ ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื ืืืง ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืืื
And specifically the ืืืืขื are compared to thorns. The thing about thorns is that throughout ืชื ืดื, the thornbush is associated with kindling, spreading fire, rather than the pain of being pricked with thorns. The ืงืืฅ only supports a small flame that doesnโt do much damage, but it spreads into an uncontrollable wildfire that destroys everything.
ืื ืชืฆื ืืฉ ืืืฆืื ืงืฆืื ืื ืืื ืืืืฉ ืื ืืงืื ืื ืืฉืื; ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืืืขืจ ืืช ืืืขืจืื
The gemara takes that as metaphor as well:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืชื: ืืื ืคืืจืขื ืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืจืฉืขืื ืืขืืื, ืืืื ื ืืชืืืช ืืื ืื ืืฆืืืงืื ืชืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ: โืื ืชืฆื ืืฉ ืืืฆืื ืงืฆืืโ. ืืืืชื ืืฉ ืืืฆืื? ืืืื ืฉืงืืฆืื ืืฆืืืื ืื. ืืืื ื ืืชืืืช ืืื ืื ืืฆืืืงืื ืชืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ: โืื ืืื ืืืืฉโ; โืืืื ืืืืฉโ ืื ื ืืืจ, ืืื โืื ืืื ืืืืฉโโืฉื ืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืจ.
And the crackling of the burning ืงืืฅ is a metaphor for ืืฉืื ืืจืข.
ืื ืืงืื ืืกืืจืื ืชืืช ืืกืืจ ืื ืฉืืง ืืืกืื; ืืื ืื ืืืื
And weโve talked about (in ืฉืืจ ืืืขืืืช) the chaos that comes from ืืฉืื ืืจืข, and that was the one thing that David felt would overwhelm his kingdom. These are the ืื ืืืฉ ืจืข ืืืืืขื.
ืืืืฉ ืฉืจืืฃ ืืฉืจืคื
ืืืืฉ ืืืข ืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืขืฅ ืื ืืช: Rav Eisemann translates, โWhoever would touch them must wear armor and provide himself with a spearโ, which follows Rashi:
ืืืืฉ ืืืข ืืื ืืืื: ืฆืจืื ืฉืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฉืจื ืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืฆืฆื.
But it could be a consequence: touching the ืืืืขื, getting involved in any way, leads to violence, ืืืื ืืจืื ืืขืฅ ืื ืืช. Thereโs no way to avoid it. David saw that with Avshalom and Sheva ben Bichri.
ืืืืฉ ืืืข ืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืขืฅ ืื ืืช: ืจืดื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืข ืืจืฉืขืื ืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืคื ืืืืืช ืืืจืื.
The burning thorns is the very model of the worst kind of king:
ื ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืืจืืฉ ืืจ ืืจืืื ืืืฉื ืงืืื ืืืงืจื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืืข ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืฉื ืขืืืื ืืื; ืืืืืจื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืช ืืืืืชื ืืช ืืฉื ื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืฉืื; ืืืืืชื ืื ืืข ืขื ืืขืฆืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืืขืฆืื ืืชืื ื; ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืื ืืชืื ื ืืืืืชื ืืช ืืชืงื ืืืช ืชื ืืืชื ืืืืื; ืืืืืชื ืื ืืข ืขื ืืขืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืขืฆืื ืืืคื; ืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืื ืืืคื ืืืืืชื ืืช ืชืืจืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืฉืื; ืืืืืชื ืื ืืข ืขื ืืขืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืืืื; ืื ืืชื ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืขืฆืื ืื ืืืืช ืืชื ืืฉืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืฆืื; ืืื ืืื ืชืฆื ืืฉ ืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืืจืื ืืืื ืืื
ืืืฉ ืืืข ืืื will end up a despot and burn everything down.
But ืืืืฉ ืฉืจืืฃ ืืฉืจืคื ืึผึทืฉืึผึธืึถืช isnโt necessarily a negative conclusion. Rav Eisemann translates ืฉืืช as โWherever they make their homeโ. But Rashi says it refers to ืืณ's judgement:
ืืฉืืช: ืืงืืดื ืืืฉื ืขื ืืกื ืืืื.
If we, with ืืณ's help, just burn away the ืงืืฆืื, we could see the ultimate ืืืืื.
ืืืื ืขืืื ืืฉืจืคืืช ืฉืึดืื; ืงืืฆืื ืืกืืืื ืืืฉ ืืฆืชืื
And so ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื end with Davidโs last glimpse of ืจืื ืืงืืืฉ, looking at the ideal future that echoes the last ื ืืืื in the history of the Jewish people, a vision of the world of justice to come:
ืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืชื ืืจ; ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืจืฉืขื ืงืฉ ืืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืฆืืืึพืช ืืฉืจ ืื ืืขืื ืืื ืฉืจืฉ ืืขื ืฃื ื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืฉืืฉ ืฆืืงื ืืืจืคื ืืื ืคืื; ืืืฆืืชื ืืคืฉืชื ืืขืืื ืืจืืงืโฆ
ืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืืื ืืื ืืณ ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืื
David couldnโt complete the psalm that summarized his life. We know the aggadah about the last day of Davidโs life:
ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืืื ืืชืื ืืืจืืก ืืืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืื ื ื ืคืฉืื, ืงื ืืืื ืืืืช ืงืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืื ืคืกืง ืคืืืื ืืืืจืกื. ืืืจ: ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื? ืืื ืืื ืืืกืชื ื ืืืืจื ืืืชืื. ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืช ืกืืืง ืืืืืฉ ืืืืื ื. ื ืคืง ืืืืืื. ืืื ืกืืืง ืืืจืื, ืืืคืืืช ืืจืื ืืชืืชืื, ืืืฉืชืืง ืื ื ื ืคืฉืื.
I have this imageโbased on nothing in the text or our traditionโjust a nice thought. David is looking at his notes for this, his autobiographical swan song. Itโs ืฉืืช, so he canโt write anything down, but heโs finally put it together in a way that will cap all of ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื. At that moment, he looks up and is distracted, ืืืฉืชืืง, he is silent and the ืืืื ืืืืช takes him. We never learn the real ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื.
But we will conclude our study of ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื and the life of ืืื ืืืื with a look back at ืฉืืจืช ืื ื, the introductory โpsalmโ to ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื:
ืืณ ืืืชื ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืฉืืื ืืจืขื ืืณ ืืืื ืืคืกื ืืจืฅ; ืืืชื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืงืจื ืืฉืืืื
ืืณ will give eternal strength to His king. As long as we learn, recite and sing ืชืืืืื, we can say ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืงืื.
Thank you for joining me on this journey.