ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: A Wise Guy

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

The ืกืคืจ starts:

ืžืฉืœื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื

This is our introduction to Shlomo. Who was Shlomo, and why should we care about his proverbs? The text emphasizes that he was ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, and that is how we first meet him in ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ:

ื›ื“ ื•ื™ื ื—ื ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืืฉืชื• ื•ื™ื‘ื ืืœื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉื›ื‘ ืขืžื”; ื•ืชืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื [ื•ืชืงืจื] ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ืณ ืื”ื‘ื•ืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื‘ื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืณืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

And then he disappears until Davidโ€™s deathbed scene. He does not appear at all in the rest of ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ.

ื›ื— ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงืจืื• ืœื™ ืœื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข; ื•ืชื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืชืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ; ื—ื™ ื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ืคื“ื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื™ ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื”ืƒ ืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืœืš ื‘ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ืš ื™ืžืœืš ืื—ืจื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืื™ ืชื—ืชื™; ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”ืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื

Now, he is clearly a young man (ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื estimates that Shlomo is 12 years old at the time), and there are older sons who would seem to warrant being the crown prince. When and why David did swear to make Shlomo king? There is no record of such an oath. Radak says it must have happened; that is what ื•ื™ื ื—ื ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข means.

ื•ืœืžื” ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”? ืืžืจื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข: ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืŸ; ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืžืš ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื™ื‘ื•ื–ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ื–ืงืง ืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืžื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืžืœื•ืš ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื–ื”.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื:ื™ื’

And the ื ื‘ื•ืื” that led to Davidโ€™s oath was ื”ืณ's promise to him when he was told that he would not build the ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ:

ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืžืœืื• ื™ืžื™ืš ื•ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืืช ืื‘ืชื™ืš ื•ื”ืงื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื–ืจืขืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืžืžืขื™ืš; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ืชื™ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ืชื•ืƒ ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™; ื•ื›ื ื ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืกื ืžืžืœื›ืชื• ืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื–

ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืžืžืขื™ืš: ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืื“ื ื™ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸโ€ฆื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื“ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืฉืœื— ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื”, ืื– ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื™ืžืœื•ืš. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืœื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš ืื—ืจื™.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื–:ื™ื‘

And that is what happens.

ืœื— ื•ื™ืจื“ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืชื™ ื•ื™ืจื›ื‘ื• ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืืชื• ืขืœ ื’ื—ื•ืŸืƒ ืœื˜ ื•ื™ืงื— ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืื”ืœ ื•ื™ืžืฉื— ืืช ืฉืœืžื”; ื•ื™ืชืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื—ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื”ืƒ ืž ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื”ืขื ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”; ื•ืชื‘ืงืข ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืงื•ืœืืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื

And one thing we know about Shlomo: he is good at politics (or at least palace intrigue; the kind of politics that kept you from being assasinated in an ancient monarchy). David acknowleges that Shlomo is smart: ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื—ื›ืžืชืš.

ื ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื• ืœืืžืจืƒ ื‘ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœืื™ืฉืƒโ€ฆื” ื•ื’ื ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื•ืœืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื•ื™ื”ืจื’ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื—ื’ืจืชื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืชื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ืขืœื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื•ืƒ ื• ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื—ื›ืžืชืš; ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื“ ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื ืฉืืœืƒโ€ฆื— ื•ื”ื ื” ืขืžืš ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืœืœื ื™ ืงืœืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืชื™ ืžื—ื ื™ื; ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืœืงืจืืชื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉื‘ืข ืœื• ื‘ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ืื ืืžื™ืชืš ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืƒ ื˜ ื•ืขืชื” ืืœ ืชื ืงื”ื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ืืชื”; ื•ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœื• ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื“ื ืฉืื•ืœืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

Those political smarts help him after David dies:

ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืื“ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื’ื™ืช ืืœ ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืื ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœื•ืืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืืœื™ืš; ื•ืชืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื™ื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ืขืœื™ ืฉืžื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ืœืžืœืš; ื•ืชืกื‘ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœืื—ื™ ื›ื™ ืžื”ืณ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ืขืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืืœ ืžืืชืš ืืœ ืชืฉื‘ื™ ืืช ืคื ื™; ื•ืชืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืžืจื™ ื ื ืœืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืคื ื™ืš; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ืื‘ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืช ืœืืฉื”ืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื˜ื•ื‘; ืื ื›ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ืš ืืœ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ืชื‘ื ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื”ื•; ื•ื™ืงื ื”ืžืœืš ืœืงืจืืชื” ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื• ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืื• ื•ื™ืฉื ื›ืกื ืœืื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืชืฉื‘ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื•ืƒ ื› ื•ืชืืžืจ ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืืœืช ืžืืชืš ืืœ ืชืฉื‘ ืืช ืคื ื™; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืืœื™ ืืžื™ ื›ื™ ืœื ืืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืคื ื™ืšืƒ ื›ื ื•ืชืืžืจ ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืื‘ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืฉื ืžื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื™ื”ื• ืื—ื™ืš ืœืืฉื”ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืืžื• ื•ืœืžื” ืืช ืฉืืœืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืฉื ืžื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉืืœื™ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื™; ื•ืœื• ื•ืœืื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื”ืƒ

ื›ื’ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ; ื›ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื“ื ื™ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ืขืชื” ื—ื™ ื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื™ื ื ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ ื•ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ; ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžืช ืื“ื ื™ื”ื•ืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข; ื•ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืžืชืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

Shlomo sees what his mother does not: taking the former kingโ€™s ืคืœื’ืฉ is an assertion of rulership. We talked about this in If This Be Treason.

ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื‘,ื) ืคืœื’ืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’:ื–

ื› ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ืื—ื™ืชืคืœ; ื”ื‘ื• ืœื›ื ืขืฆื” ืžื” ื ืขืฉื”ืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื—ื™ืชืคืœ ืืœ ืื‘ืฉืœื ื‘ื•ื ืืœ ืคืœื’ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช; ื•ืฉืžืข ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ื ื‘ืืฉืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ืš ื•ื—ื–ืงื• ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืชืšืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ื˜ื• ืœืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื”ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’; ื•ื™ื‘ื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ืคืœื’ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ื–

And we see those smarts again in his manipulation of ืฉืžืขื™:

ืœื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœืฉืžืขื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ื” ืœืš ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื; ื•ืœื ืชืฆื ืžืฉื ืื ื” ื•ืื ื”ืƒ ืœื– ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืืชืš ื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืืช ื ื—ืœ ืงื“ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ืข ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ืช; ื“ืžืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉืšืƒ ืœื— ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžืขื™ ืœืžืœืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ืืƒ

ืœื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจื—ื• ืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžืขื™ ืืœ ืื›ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื›ื” ืžืœืš ื’ืช; ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืžืขื™ ืœืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ื‘ื’ืชืƒ ืž ื•ื™ืงื ืฉืžืขื™ ื•ื™ื—ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ืžืจื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื’ืชื” ืืœ ืื›ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•; ื•ื™ืœืš ืฉืžืขื™ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืžื’ืชืƒ

ืžื ื•ื™ื’ื“ ืœืฉืœืžื”; ื›ื™ ื”ืœืš ืฉืžืขื™ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื’ืช ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืƒ ืžื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœืฉืžืขื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ืš ื‘ื”ืณ ื•ืืขื“ ื‘ืš ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืืชืš ื•ื”ืœื›ืช ืื ื” ื•ืื ื” ื™ื“ืข ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ืช; ื•ืชืืžืจ ืืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ืƒโ€ฆืžื• ื•ื™ืฆื• ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ืฆื ื•ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืžืช; ื•ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœืžื”ืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

So heโ€™s smart, but itโ€™s in politics and staying alive. He has to be, if he was the heir apparent to David with all his older brothers gunning for the throne. But that doesnโ€™t warrant writing a ืกืคืจ of ืชื ืดืš. For that, Shlomo develops a different kind of ื—ื›ืžื”:

ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื”ืณ ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืืชืŸ ืœืšืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื ืขื‘ื“ืš ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ ื—ืกื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืช ืœื‘ื‘ ืขืžืš; ื•ืชืฉืžืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืชืชืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”ืƒ ื– ื•ืขืชื” ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ืืชื” ื”ืžืœื›ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื“ืš ืชื—ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™; ื•ืื ื›ื™ ื ืขืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื ืื“ืข ืฆืืช ื•ื‘ืืƒ ื— ื•ืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืžืš ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจืช; ืขื ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืžื ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืกืคืจ ืžืจื‘ืƒ ื˜ ื•ื ืชืช ืœืขื‘ื“ืš ืœื‘ ืฉืžืข ืœืฉืคื˜ ืืช ืขืžืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข; ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคื˜ ืืช ืขืžืš ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื”ืƒ ื™ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื“ื ึพื™; ื›ื™ ืฉืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ืƒ ื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื™ืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืฉืืœืช ืœืš ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉืืœืช ืœืš ืขืฉืจ ื•ืœื ืฉืืœืช ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื‘ื™ืš; ื•ืฉืืœืช ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืข ืžืฉืคื˜ืƒ ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš; ื”ื ื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ืœื‘ ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ื•ืื—ืจื™ืš ืœื ื™ืงื•ื ื›ืžื•ืšืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื’ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ืฉืืœืช ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ื’ื ืขืฉืจ ื’ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“; ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืš ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ืšืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ืื ืชืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ื—ืงื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ืชื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœืš ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืื‘ื™ืš ื•ื”ืืจื›ืชื™ ืืช ื™ืžื™ืšืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื’

The ื—ื›ืžื” he asks for is in a limited area: ืœื‘ ืฉืžืข ืœืฉืคื˜ ืืช ืขืžืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข. He is asking for more understanding of how people work and how to get them to work together: the real meaning of politics. He is wise enough to realize that he is not wise enough at all, which for a teenager (really, for any human being) is a super-human level of wisdom. Famously, Socrates claimed that his wisdom was in knowing that he was not wise:

Well, Chaerephon, as you know, was very impetuous in all his doings, and he went to Delphi and boldly asked the oracle to tell him whetherโ€ฆthere was anyone wiser than I was, and the Pythian prophetess answered that there was no man wiser. ..

Accordingly I went to one who had the reputation of wisdomโ€ฆand the result was as follows: When I began to talk with him, I could not help thinking that he was not really wise, although he was thought wise by many, and wiser still by himself; and I went and tried to explain to him that he thought himself wise, but was not really wise; and the consequence was that he hated me, and his enmity was shared by several who were present and heard me. So I left him, saying to myself, as I went away: Well, although I do not suppose that either of us knows anything really beautiful and good, I am better off than he isโ€”for he knows nothing, and thinks that he knows. I neither know nor think that I know. In this latter particular, then, I seem to have slightly the advantage of him.

Socrates, in Platoโ€™s Apology

Thereโ€™s a theme in ืชื ืดืš, that ื”ืณ gives wisdom to those who are wise already.

ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐื ึตื ืขึดื“ึผึธื ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึฐื–ึดืžึฐื ึทื™ึผึธื ืžึฐื”ึทืขึฐื“ึผึตื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืžึฐื”ึธืงึตื™ื ืžึทืœึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ; ื™ึธื”ึตื‘ ื—ื‡ื›ึฐืžึฐืชึธื ืœึฐื—ึทื›ึผึดื™ืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืžึทื ึฐื“ึผึฐืขึธื ืœึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขึตื™ ื‘ึดื™ื ึธื”ืƒ

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘:ื›ื

ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื ื” ื ืชืชื™ ืืชื• ืืช ืื”ืœื™ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืกืžืš ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืœ ื—ื›ื ืœื‘ ื ืชืชื™ ื—ื›ืžื”; ื•ืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื™ืชืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื:ื•

You have to be smart enough to know what to do with wisdom for it to be valuable.

ื•ืืžืœื ืืชื• ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”: ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื”. ืœืœืžื“ืš, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ.

ืžื˜ืจื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืืœื” ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืคืชื: ืžื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ โ€ื™ื”ื‘ ื—ื›ืžืชื ืœื—ื›ื™ืžื™ืŸโ€œ; ืœื˜ืคืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ! ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื‘ืชื™, ืื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืฆืœืš ืฉื ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืขื ื™ ื•ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืžืžืš ืžืžื•ืŸ, ืœืื™ ื–ื” ืžื”ื ืื ืช ืžืœื•ื”? ืืžืจื” ืœื•: ืœืขืฉื™ืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื•ืœืžื”? ืืžืจื” ืœื•: ืฉืื ื™ื—ืกืจ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืจืข. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™, ืื ื™ืื‘ื“ ืžืขื•ืชื™, ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืคืจืข? ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื–ื ื™ืš ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื›ืš, ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืœื˜ืคืฉื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืกืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืžื˜ื ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”. ืืœื ื ืชื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ื‘:ื

In Dungeons and Dragons, we distinguish between โ€œintelligenceโ€ and โ€œwisdomโ€. Shlomo had the wisdom to be able to use the intelligence.

So ื”ืณ gives him the ื—ื›ืžื” he asks for, along with everything else, including more wisdom, in all sorts of areas:

ื˜ ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืืœืงื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืฉืœืžื” ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“; ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืœื‘ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ืืƒ ื™ ื•ืชืจื‘ ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžื—ื›ืžืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืงื“ื ื•ืžื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ืžืฆืจื™ืืƒ ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื›ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืื™ืชืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœ ื•ื“ืจื“ืข ื‘ื ื™ ืžื—ื•ืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืฉืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉื™ืจื• ื—ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœืฃืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจื– ืืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื–ื•ื‘ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืงื™ืจ; ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืžืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืœืฉืžืข ืืช ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ืžืืช ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื—ื›ืžืชื•ืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื”

The text says that Shlomo spoke about three things: ืžืฉืœื™ื,โ€Ž ืฉื™ืจื™ื, and scientific stuff: ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื etc. We have an example of ืฉื™ืจ:

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืœืžื”ืƒ

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื:ื

We donโ€™t have any of his scientific writings.

ืžื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ โ€ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ืโ€œ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื˜ื‘ืขื ื•ืจืคื•ืืชื ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืžืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื—ืช ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ื’ื‘ืจื” ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืืฆืœื™ื ื•.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื”:ื™ื‘

But we have an entire book of โ€œืžืฉืœโ€. What is a ืžืฉืœ?

The Hebrew word for โ€œproverbโ€ is ืžืฉืœ, literally โ€œto rule by commandโ€โ€ฆThe proverbs of Solomon are more than inspirational aphorisms or instructive illustrations; they are moral imperatives fashioned in such a way that incontestable observations into the nature of the world compel us to take action by applying them to the universe of personal conduct. If the Book of Proverbs does not stir us to take action in pursuit of wisdom and self-perfection, then we simply have not been paying attention, and itโ€™s time to go back and start all over again.

Yonason Goldson, Proverbial Beauty, p. 232

ืžืฉืœ in the modern sense is โ€œmetaphorโ€, but it really is a ืžื•ืฉืœ, a โ€œruleโ€; it means a memorable expression (one that uses poetics and rhetoric) of fundamental truth about ethics, the right way to lead our lives.

apothegm

A short, witty, instructive saying.

Wiktionary, apothegm

Itโ€™s not really a โ€œproverbโ€.

proverb

A commonly used sentence expressing popular wisdom.

Wiktionary, proverb

ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ may be full of โ€œinstructive sayingโ€s but they only became โ€œcommonly usedโ€, โ€œpopularโ€ when compiled into this text.


So Shlomo writes this book of his ืžืฉืœื™ื, to teach ื—ื›ืžื”, specifically the ื—ื›ืžื” of ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข. Malbim says that this is the ื—ื›ืžื” that is displayed in ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™:โ€Ž ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช.

ื”ื ื”, ื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืชื™ื•ื•ื“ืข ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืชื‘ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžื™ื•ืกื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ื›ืžื” ืกืชื, ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœื ื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ืขื• ื‘ืžื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ืดืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื—ืงืจื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื–

And each statement has levels of meaning; thatโ€™s what โ€œpoeticsโ€ is.

ื•ื‘ื“ืจืฉ ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืณ ืžืื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื ืžื”ื• โ€ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ืโ€œ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืืžืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื’ืณ ื˜ืขืžื™ื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื”:ื™ื‘

Itโ€™s important to note that we are not claiming that ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ is ื ื‘ื•ืื”, direct communication from ื”ืงื‘ืดื”. It is ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, divinely inspired. It is what ื”ืณ had told him, ื”ื ื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ืœื‘ ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ.

ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืš ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”โ€ฆืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ืช ื”ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”; ื•ืœื ื™ืžื ื” ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืชื™ื”ื โ€ื ื‘ื™ืโ€œโ€ฆื•ืื ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืงืฆืช ื”ืขืชื™ื ื ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืงืฆืช ื›ืœืœื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืื“โ€ฆ

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืฉื™ืœื•ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืขื–ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื”ื• ื•ื™ื–ืจื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœโ€ฆ

ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื”ืื“ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ื— ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื”ื• ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ, ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื™ื ืื• ืืœึพื”ื™ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืงื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื”ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘โ€ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉโ€œ. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืžโ€ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉโ€œ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืชึผึดืœึดึผื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉืœื™ ื•ืงื•ื”ืœืช ื•ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืโ€ฆ

ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘:ืžื”

So what we have here, Shlomoโ€™s real ื—ื›ืžื”, is divinely inspired rules for a divinely inspired life. Shlomo is teaching us what we call ืžื•ืกืจ.

Mussar masters recognized that simply learning about kindness does not make us more kind. Moreover, they understood that our inner drives, wounds and appetites often manifest as the Yetzer Hara (the Evil Inclination), actively preventing us from behaving as we know we should. One Mussar teacher, Rabbi Elya Lopian (1876-1970), described Mussar as โ€œteaching the heart what the mind already understandsโ€.

Greg Marcus, What Is Mussar?

Learning ืžืฉืœื™ will be different from learning ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื. For ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื we had multiple sources for the life of David and could try to see how each perek fit into his life. We donโ€™t have nearly as much material about Shlomo, so we will have to take ืžืฉืœื™ purely on its own terms as it tries to give each of us ืœื‘ ืฉืžืข ืœืฉืคื˜โ€ฆืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข.