ืชืืืืื ืฆ and ืฆื really form a unit; ืชืืืืื ืฆื doesnโt start with a ืืืชืจืช, and in fact, when we recite it, we start with the last pasuk of the previous perek, (ืชืืืืื ืฆ:ืื)โ ืืืื ื ืขื ืืื ึพื ืืืงืื ื ืขืืื ื. This unit is the only one that is explicitly attributed to Moshe:
ืชืคืื ืืืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื; ืืื ึพื ืืขืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืื ื; ืืืจ ืืืจื
Moshe here is called โืืืฉ ืืืืงืืโ, which echoes the description at the end of his life:
ืืืช ืืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืจื ืืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื; ืืคื ื ืืืชืื
The midrash understands that to refer to Mosheโs โsuper-humanโ status:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืชื ืืืื: ืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืืืฉ, ืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืืงืื? ืืื, ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืฆืจืื โืืืฉ,โ ืืืฉืขื ืฉื ืืคื ืืื โืืืืงืืโ. ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืืฉืขื ืฉืืจื ืืืคื ื ืคืจืขื โืืืฉโ, ืืืฉืขื ืฉืฉืงืขื โืืืงืืโ. ืืืจ ืืืจ, ืืฉืขื ืฉืขืื ืืจืงืืข โืืืฉโ, ืืืื ืืืฉ, ืืคื ื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉ. ืืืฉืขื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืจืงืืข โืืืืงืืโ, ืื ืื, ืฉืืชืื (ืฉืืืช ืื:ื): ืึทืึผึดืืจึฐืืึผ ืึดืึผึถืฉืึถืช ืึตืึธืืโฆืืืจ ืืืจ, ืืื โืืืฉ ืืืืงืืโ, ืืืจ ืจื ืืืื: ืืืฆืื ืืืืื โืืืฉโ, ืืืฆืื ืืืืขืื โืืืืงืืโ.
This means that our perek is the ืชืคืืื of the one who was an intermediary between human beings and ืืงืืดื.
The psalm starts by echoing Mosheโs final words, describing ืืณ as dwelling on high but protecting ืื ื ืืฉืจืื:
ืืขื ื ืืืงื ืงืื ืืืชืืช ืืจืขืช ืขืืื; ืืืืจืฉ ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉืืื
ืืณ has a ืืขื ื, a dwelling-place, that serves as ืืขืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืื ื, our dwelling and protection as well. That is a hint to the context of this ืชืคืืื. It is about one of Mosheโs great tasks, building a place for ืืณ on earth. To understand that, we have to look at the last psukim:
ืื ืืจืื ืื ืขืืืื ืคืขืื; ืืืืจื ืขื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืขื ืืื ึพื ืืืงืื ื ืขืืื ื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ื ืขืืื ื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืืื
That was the ืืจืื that Moshe gave ืื ื ืืฉืจืื when they completed the ืืฉืื:
ืืื ื ืื:โฆืืฉื ื ืคืขืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืื; ืืณ ืขื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืชืคืื ืฉืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืืฉืื, ืืืืช ืฉืชืื ืืจืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื.
ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืงืจื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืืงื ื ืืฉืจืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืจื ืงื ืื ืขืื ืื ืืงืจ ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืขืื ืชืืืื; ืืืงืจื ืืคื ื ืืณืโฆืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืฆืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื; ืืืจื ืืืื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืขืื
ืืืฆืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื: ืืืจื โืืืื ื ืขื ืืณ ืืืงืื ื ืขืืื ืโ; ืืื ืจืฆืื ืฉืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื. ืืคื ืฉืื ืฉืืขืช ืืื ืืืืืืื ืฉืืขืืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืฉืืฉ ืื ืืคืจืงื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืจืชื ืื ืฉืืื ื, ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืฉื, ืืฉื ืจืื ื, ืื ืืืจื ืฉืืจืื ื ืฉืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืืข ืฉื ืชืืคืจ ืื ื ืขืื ืืขืื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืื โืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืณ ืชืขืฉื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืณโโืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ื, ืฉืขื ืืื ืงืจืื ืืชืื ืืขืืืืชื ืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืชืืขื ืฉืืืงืื ืืืจ ืื.
ืืจืื ืื ืขืืืื ืคืขืื and ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืื was Mosheโs ืชืคืืื to ืืณ and ืืจืื to the people at the inauguration ceremony of the ืืฉืื. But that is ืคืกืืง ืื. What about the previous 15 psukim? For that, we have to go back to the ceremony itself. The Torah goes into great detail to describe the offerings:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืืืจื ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืช ืืืืชื ืืืช ืขืืชื ืืืคืจ ืืขืื ืืืขื ืืขื; ืืขืฉื ืืช ืงืจืื ืืขื ืืืคืจ ืืขืื ืืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืณื ื ืืืงืจื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืื; ืืืฉืื ืืช ืขืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืืงืจืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฆืืขื ืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืงืจื ืืช ืืืืื; ืืืช ืืื ืืฆืง ืื ืืกืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืช ืืืชืจืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืงืืืจ ืืืืืื; ืืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืณ ืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืช ืืขืืจ ืฉืจืฃ ืืืฉ ืืืืฅ ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืืขืื; ืืืืฆืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืจืงืื ืขื ืืืืื ืกืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืขืื ืืืฆืืื ืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืืจืืฉ; ืืืงืืจ ืขื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจืืฅ ืืช ืืงืจื ืืืช ืืืจืขืื; ืืืงืืจ ืขื ืืขืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืงืจื ืืช ืงืจืื ืืขื; ืืืงื ืืช ืฉืขืืจ ืืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืขื ืืืฉืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืื ืืืงืจื ืืช ืืขืื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืฉืคืื ืื ืืืงืจื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืืื ื ืืืงืืจ ืขื ืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืช ืืืงืจื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืืฉืืจ ืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืขื; ืืืืฆืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืงืื ืขื ืืืืื ืกืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืจ; ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืกื ืืืืืืช ืืืชืจืช ืืืืื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืืช; ืืืงืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืช ืฉืืง ืืืืื ืื ืืฃ ืืืจื ืชื ืืคื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืฉืื
And then we have our ืืจืื:
ืื ืืืฉื ืืืจื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืขื ืืืืจืื; ืืืจื ืืขืฉืช ืืืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืฉืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืฆืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื; ืืืจื ืืืื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืชืฆื ืืฉ ืืืคื ื ืืณ ืืชืืื ืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืืขืื ืืืช ืืืืืื; ืืืจื ืื ืืขื ืืืจื ื ืืืคืื ืขื ืคื ืืืื
It starts with ืืืฉื ืืืจื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืขื ืืืืจืื. Thatโs not our ืืจืื; that is what we call ื ืฉืืืช ืืคืืื, or ืืจืืช ืืื ืื.
ืืืืจืื: ืืจืืช ืืื ืืโืืืจืื, ืืืจ, ืืฉื.
And then Aharon goes down from ืขืฉืช ืืืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืฉืืืื, which means that he blessed the people from on top of the ืืืื. And then Moshe and Aharon go into the ืืื ืืืขื and come out. Why? Only after that, we have our ืืจืื of ืืืื ื ืขื, and the miraculous fire come out and the people see the Glory of G-d.
Rashi feels it necessary to tell us that when Aharon descended, he descended from the ืืืื:
ืืืจื: ืืขื ืืืืื.
ืืขื ืืืืื: ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืงืื ื ืฉืืืช ืืคืื.
Thatโs not particularly helpful. I would assume that ืืงืื ื ืฉืืืช ืืคืื was the ืืืื; where else would ืืืจื be? Rashi is telling us that the text is emphasizing that ืืืจื's ืืจืืื was from the ืืืื. So what?
ืืจื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืณ: ืื ืืขื ืื: ืฉืืืจื ืืขืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืื. ืืขืืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉ. ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืฆืืืจืื ืืขืดื. ืืคืืณ ืืืงืืจ ืืื ืืืฉืดื ืจืฉืืดื (ืืืงืจื ื:ืื) ืฉืฉื ืืืชื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉ ืฉื ืืขืื ืืืดื ื ืงืืจ.
Now, the fire from the ืงืืฉ ืืงืืฉืื doesnโt come until two psukim later, after ืืืจื has come down. So we have this picture of ืืืจื on top of the ืืืื; heโs set up the first sacrifices that he will offer (the previous week, itโs been his brother doing everything), he turns to the people and blesses them, and thenโฆnothing. Thatโs not how it is supposed to work:
ื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืชืคืื ืืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืขืื ืืืืืืื; ืืืืื ืืณ ืืื ืืช ืืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืณ; ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืณ ืืช ืืืช ืืณื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืจืืื ืืจืืช ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืณ ืขื ืืืืช; ืืืืจืขื ืืคืื ืืจืฆื ืขื ืืจืฆืคื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืืืช ืืืณ ืื ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืกืืื
That last sounds familiar; in our perek, when the fire finally does come down, ืืืจื ืื ืืขื ืืืจื ื ืืืคืื ืขื ืคื ืืื. But it doesnโt come down when ืืืจื blesses the people. ืืืจื ืืขืฉืช ืืืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืฉืืืื is ืืืจื's failure. This was to be the return of the ืืืื ืืณ in the fire from heaven that had last been experienced at ืืขืื ืืจ ืกืื ื and lost with ืืขืฉื ืืขืื. And nothing happened.
We know how Aharonโs sons reacted:
ื ืืืงืื ืื ื ืืืจื ื ืื ืืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืชืชื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืฉ ืืืฉืืื ืขืืื ืงืืจืช; ืืืงืจืืื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืฉ ืืจื ืืฉืจ ืื ืฆืื ืืชืื ื ืืชืฆื ืืฉ ืืืคื ื ืืณ ืืชืืื ืืืชื; ืืืืชื ืืคื ื ืืณื
But what does ืืืจื himself do after he trudges down the ramp, with no divine fire in sight? Rashbam explains why the next pasuk is ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืขื:
ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืืขื: ืืืชืคืื ืฉืชืจื ืืืฉ.
So that is why Moshe brings Aharon into the ืืฉืืโto pray for him.
Rashi brings two explanations:
ืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืณ: ืืื ื ืื ืกื? ืืฆืืชื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืืืืื, ืืืจืืชื ืื ืืกืคืช ืขื ืชืืจืช ืืื ืื ืฉืื ื, ืืื ื ืื ืก ืืฉื ืขื ืืืจื? ืืืืื ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืงืืจืชโฆ
ืืดื: ืืืื ืฉืจืื ืืืจื ืฉืงืจืื ืื ืืงืจืื ืืช ืื ืขืฉื ืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืฆืืขืจ ืืืืืจ: ืืืืข ืื ื ืฉืืขืก ืืงืืดื ืขืื ืืืฉืืืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื! ืืืจ ืื ืืืฉื: ืืฉื ืืื, ืื ืขืฉืืช ืื ืฉื ืื ืกืชื ืื ืชืืืฉืชื? ืืื ื ืื ืก ืืฉื ืขืื ืืืงืฉื ืจืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื.
What does ืงืืจืช have to do with anything? Weโll have to come back to that. The second, ืคืฉื, explanation, I can understand. ืืืจื knows why he failed; itโs all his fault, from the very beginning.
ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ืืขื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืช ืืขืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืืจืื
ืืืจื didnโt want to do the ืขืืืื at all. He knew he would fail:
[ืืืืืจ ืืฉื ืื ืืืจื] ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื: ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืจื ืืืฉืช, ืืืจ ืื ืืฉื, ืืื ืืชื ืืืฉ? ืืื ื ืืืจืช.
So, now, we go back to ืชืคืื ืืืฉื. I would read the first part, before ืืืื ื ืขื, as the text of Mosheโs prayer for (and with) his brother: ื ืื ืก ืืฉื ืขืื ืืืงืฉื ืจืืืื. The message of this perek is the famous lines, ืื ืืืฃ ืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืื and ืืื ืฉื ืืชืื ื ืืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉื ื. I always shallowly read it as a message that human beings should be humble, realize that they are finite and mortal and so should obey the infinite G-d. But thatโs not what itโs about at all. Itโs a prayer that G-d should recognize our frailty, and forgive us even if weโve sinned, since we are only human.
Thatโs the way it starts: You are all-powerful, but you still care about us and want us to do ืชืฉืืื:
ื ืืืจื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืจืฅ ืืชืื;
ืืืขืืื ืขื ืขืืื ืืชื ืึพืื
ื ืชืฉื ืื ืืฉ ืขื ืืื; ืืชืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืื
ื ืื ืืืฃ ืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืื ืื ืืขืืจ;
ืืืฉืืืจื ืืืืืื
But our lives are over before they have really begun:
ื ืืจืืชื ืฉื ื ืืืื; ืืืงืจ ืืืฆืืจ ืืืืฃื
ื ืืืงืจ ืืฆืืฅ ืืืืฃ; ืืขืจื ืืืืื ืืืืฉื
Because of our sins, we are punished; weโre not denying that the punishment is deserved:
ื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืคื; ืืืืืชื ื ืืืื ืื
ื ืฉืช (ืฉืชื) ืขืื ืชืื ื ืื ืืื; ืขืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืคื ืืื
ื ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืคื ื ืืขืืจืชื; ืืืื ื ืฉื ืื ื ืืื ืืืื
But because our lives are so fleeting, we canโt really understand what You want. Help us!
ื ืืื ืฉื ืืชืื ื ืืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืืืจืช ืฉืืื ืื ืฉื ื
ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืืื;
ืื ืื ืืืฉ ืื ืขืคืื
ืื ืื ืืืืข ืขื ืืคื; ืืืืจืืชื ืขืืจืชืื
ืื ืืื ืืช ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืข; ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื
ืืื ืืช ืืืื ื ืื ืืืืข: teach us to count our days, to make our limited days count.
And so You, ืืณ, should turn from your anger even if we have not returned to You:
ืื ืฉืืื ืืณ ืขื ืืชื; ืืื ืื ืขื ืขืืืืื
ืื ืฉืืขื ื ืืืงืจ ืืกืื; ืื ืจื ื ื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื
ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืืืช ืขื ืืชื ื; ืฉื ืืช ืจืืื ื ืจืขืื
You say โืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืโ; we say โืฉืืื ืืณโฆืืื ืื ืขื ืขืืืืโ.
To err is human; to forgive, divine.
It certainly fits the context that we are assuming here, and the perek continues with part two, when Moshe and Aharon come out and bless the people: ืืจืื ืื ืขืืืื and the ืืืจื ืืืื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืขื as weโve said. But why was this necessary at all? ืืณ had already forgiven ืื ื ืืฉืจืื for ืืื ืืขืื; thatโs why building the ืืฉืื was possible in the first place.
ื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ื ืืฆืืชื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ึพื ืืื ื ื ืืื ื ืืงืจืื ื; ืื ืขื ืงืฉื ืขืจืฃ ืืื ืืกืืืช ืืขืื ื ื ืืืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืชื ืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืื ืื ืืจืช ืืจืืช ื ืื ืื ืขืื ืืขืฉื ื ืคืืืช ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืืืืื; ืืจืื ืื ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืงืจืื ืืช ืืขืฉื ืืณ ืื ื ืืจื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืขืฉื ืขืืื
I propose that while the ืชืคืื ืืืฉื was addressed to ืืณ, it was intended for ืืืจื.โ ืืณ had forgiven him, but he had not forgiven himself. He expected to fail before he even started: ืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืจื ืืืฉืช.
The most important part of teshuva is to trust in G-dโs forgiveness and move on with joy. Then we too can forgive ourselves and repair the broken tapestry of our souls.
Once he accepted the fact that ืืณ had forgiven him, ืืืจื could bless the people ืืืืื.
And Rashiโs first explanation, that ืืฉื brought ืืืจื into the ืืฉืื to teach him ืืขืฉื ืืงืืจืช? I think that this is fundamentally the same idea. ืืฉื wasnโt showing him ืขืืืืช ืืงืืจืช, how to offer the incense. He was showing him ืืขืฉื ืืงืืจืช, how to make the incense. The ingredients of the ืงืืจืช teach us that we donโt need to be perfect for ืืณ to accept our prayers.
ืืืืื ื: ืึผึนืฉืึถื ืฉืจืืื ืจืข ืืงืืจืื ืื ืืืื ื, ืืื ืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืกืื ื ืืงืืืจืช, ืืืืื ื, ืฉืื ืืงื ืืขืื ืื ื ืืฆืจืฃ ืขืื ื ืืืืืืช ืชืขื ืืืชืื ื ืืชืคืืืชืื ื ืืช ืคืืฉืขื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืืืื ื ืื ืื ืขืื ื.
The message of ืชืคืื ืืืฉื is that we need to accept ourselves, with all our human imperfection. ืืณ will grant ืืืืื if we do ืชืฉืืื, and being human is part of our ืขืืืืช ืืณ.
It is Moshe as ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื, who had the perspective to see that and to reassure Aharon of that.
And after that, ืืืฆืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื.
ืื ืืจืื ืื ืขืืืื ืคืขืื; ืืืืจื ืขื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืขื ืืื ึพื ืืืงืื ื ืขืืื ื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ื ืขืืื ื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืืื
The first pasuk is addressed to ืืณ; it may have been said inside the ืืื ืืืขื, or publicly, in front of the people (the next pasuk starts with โandโ so I would go with the latter). The next pasuk is in the first person plural, so it is addressed to the people as a whole. As Rashi points out, there are two blessings here, one about the completed ืืฉืื and one about the future:
ืืื ื ืื:โฆืืฉื ื ืคืขืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ื ืืื ื ืื; ืืณ ืขื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืฉืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืชืคืื ืฉืชืฉืจื ืฉืืื ื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื ืืืฉืื, ืืืืช ืฉืชืื ืืจืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืืื.
And then the next perek continues that ืืจืื:
ืืฉื ืืกืชืจ ืขืืืื; ืืฆื ืฉืึพื ืืชืืื ืื
Artscroll translates:
Whoever sits in the refuge of the Most Highโhe shall dwell in the shadow of the Almighty.
But I think that the clauses should be reversed: โThe one who dwells in the shadow of the Almighty shall sit safely in the highest refugeโ. ืืฆื ืฉืึพื has a specific meaning:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืชื: ืืฆืืื ืขื ืฉื ืืืืชื ื ืงืจื. ืืฉืขื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืฉื: ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืฆืืื โืขืฉื ืื ืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืืืืโ. ืืื ืืฉื ืืืคื ืืืืจ ืื: โืขืฉื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืโ. ืืืจ ืื: ืืฉื ืจืืื ื, ืื ืืื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืก ืืชืืื ืืืื, ืืืชื ืืืืจ โืขืฉื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืโ, ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉื, ืืืืื ืืื ืืกื? ืฉืื ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื, โืขืฉื ืืฉืื ืืจืื ืืืืืโ?! ืืืจ ืื: ืฉืื ืืฆื ืึพื ืืืืช ืืืืขืช?
Building the ืืฉืื is shadowing ืืงืืดื.
The name ืฉืึพื refers to ืืณ as creator of the universe, and more than that, as the creator who stopped creating.
ืืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืจืืฉ ืืงืืฉ: ืืื ืืืชืื: ืดืื ื ืึพื ืฉืึพืืด? ืื ื ืืื ืฉืืืจืชื ืืขืืื ืื.
Building the ืืฉืื was the human counterpart to creating the universe (see, for instance, https://alephbeta.org/playlist/betzalel-tabernacle-bible-study and ืคืจืฉืช ืืืงืื ืชืฉืขืดื, among many others).
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืขืงื ืืจืื ืืกื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืื:ื) ืืณ ืึธืึทืึฐืชึผึดื ืึฐืขืึนื ืึผึตืืชึถืึธ ืึผืึฐืงืึนื ืึดืฉืึฐืึผึทื ืึผึฐืืึนืึถืึธ? ืืฉืืื ืฉืฉืงืื ืื ืื ืืจืืืช ืขืืื.
ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื ืขืคืดื ืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ ืชื ืืืื (ืฉืืืช ืื:ืื) ืึทืึผึทืจึฐื ืึนืฉืึถื ืึถืช ืึผืื ืึทืึผึฐืึธืืึธื [ืึฐืึดื ึผึตื ืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึนืชึธืึผ ืึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดืึผึธื ืืณ ืึผึตื ืขึธืฉืืึผ ืึทืึฐืึธืจึถืึฐ ืึนืชึธื ืึนืฉืึถื]. โืืืืืช ืืืฉืืโ ืืื ืืชืื ืจืง โืื ืืืืืืโ ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืจืืฉืืช ืืืณ ืขืดืฉ. ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืืืณ ืืชืงื ืื ืืืจืืืโฆืืื ื ืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ื ืืชืณ ืฉืื ืืืืืช ื ืฉืื ืืขืืืดื ืืฉืืืืืช. ืืืืดืฉ ืืืืจืดื ืืดื ืฉืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืกืจืื ืืฉืืืืืช. ืืืืฉืืื ืขืดื ืืืฉืืช ืื ืืืืจื ืขืดื ืชืืจื ืืืฆืืช. ืืื ืขื ืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืงืืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืฆื ืื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืขืืื ืขืดื ืืกืจืื ืืฉืืืืืช.
ืฉืึพื as a Divine Name represents both the power of creation and the fact that ืืณ left creation incomplete, and the one who ืืฆื ืฉืึพื ืืชืืื ื is the one who completes it, and so merits protection from the ืฉืืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืขืืื, as the Sfas Emes puts it. Such a person is ืืฉื ืืกืชืจ ืขืืืื.
The next part of ืชืคืื ืืืฉื, the remainder of ืคืจืง ืฆื, is not so much a prayer but a statement of assurance, that ืืณ will protect His faithful. This is the bulk of ืืืฆืื ืืืืจืื ืืช ืืขื.
ืืืจ ืืืณ ืืืกื ืืืฆืืืชื; ืืืงื ืืืื ืืื
Moshe starts in the first person, talking about himself. He has complete faith that ืืณ protects him ( ืืืณ means โabout ืืณโ). He then turns to his audience and tells him about all the dangerous things that exist in the world. I would not take the idea of ืืืืงืื literally, as intelligent supernatural demons, but it is certainly true that there are a lot of invisible dangers out there. This perek, in fact, is called ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืคืืขืื or ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื ืืขืื:
ืึตืื ืืึนืกึดืืคึดืื ืขึทื ืึธืขึดืืจ ืึฐืขึทื ืึธืขึฒืึธืจืึนืช ืึถืึผึธื ืึฐืึถืึถืึฐ ืึฐื ึธืึดืื ืึฐืืึผืจึดืื ืึฐืชึปืึผึดืื ืึผืึฐืกึทื ึฐืึถืึฐืจึดืื ืฉืึถื ืฉืึดืึฐืขึดืื ืึฐืึถืึธื ืึผืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึตื ืชืึนืืึนืช ืึผืึฐืฉืึดืืจ.
ืชืดืจ: โืฉืืจโ ืฉื ืชืืื ืืื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืฆืืฆืืื ืขื ืื ืคืื ื ืืคืื ื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืจืืฉืืื ืืืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืคืจืง ื) [ืึดืึฐืืึนืจ ืฉืึดืืจ ืึฒื ึปืึผึทืช ืึทืึผึทืึดืช ืึฐืึธืึดืื] ืึฒืจืึนืึดืึฐืึธ ืืณ ืึผึดื ืึดืึผึดืืชึธื ึดื ืืืืณ, ืืฉืืจ ืฉื ืคืืขืื. ืืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื ืืขืื. ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืขืื ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืฆื:ื) ืึฐื ึถืึทืข ืึนื ืึดืงึฐืจึทื ืึผึฐืืืึณืึถืึธ; ืืืื ืืืืจ ืคืืขืื ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืฆื:ื) ืึดืคึผึนื ืึดืฆึผึดืึผึฐืึธโ ืึถืึถืฃ.
And then there is a detailed list of all the ืืืืงืื that you donโt need to worry about:
ื ืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืคื ืืงืืฉ; ืืืืจ ืืืืชื ื ืืืืจืชื ืืกื ืื ืืชืืช ืื ืคืื ืชืืกื; ืฆื ื ืืกืืจื ืืืชืื ื ืื ืชืืจื ืืคืื ืืืื; ืืืฅ ืืขืืฃ ืืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืคื ืืืื; ืืงืื ืืฉืื ืฆืืจืืื ื ืืคื ืืฆืื ืืืฃ ืืจืืื ืืืืื ื; ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ื ืจืง ืืขืื ืื ืชืืื; ืืฉืืืช ืจืฉืขืื ืชืจืืื
Before, you walked blindly and blithely through life, unaware of how much danger you were in.
ืชื ืื, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ: ืืืืื ื ืชื ื ืจืฉืืช ืืขืื ืืจืืืช โ ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืืืืืงืื. ืืืจ ืืืื: ืืื ืื ื ืคืืฉื ืืื ื, ืืงืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืกืื ืืืืืื. ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ื: ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื, ืืืคื ืืฉืืืืื ืืจืืืชื ืืืืื ืื.
Were the myriad mazikin that constantly surround us visible to us, says Abba Binyamin (Berachos 6a), we would be frozen in terror. Whether he had in mind the fungi, protozoa, bacteria and viruses that regularly seek to invade our bodies must remain speculation. But, regarding the countless organisms that would, were it not for our immune systems, do us great harm, the statement would have been entirely true.
Rabbi Slifkin, of the Rationalist Judaism website, is bothered by this statement:
Personally, I think that โwishful thinkingโ would be a better description than โspeculation.โ It is, frankly, rather odd to posit that Chazal knew about such microscopic phenomena. First of all, considering how many very basic things about the natural world they did not know, such as the sunโs path at night, why on earth would they have known about microscopic phenomena? Second, if they did indeed know about bacteria and viruses, then why on earth didnโt they issue basic medical advice which would have saved countless lives over history, instead of all kinds of bizarre potions and procedures?
But I think he is taking Rabbi Shafran too literally. I donโt think ืืืดื envisioned gram negative rods producing endotoxins that stimulate cytokine release and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This idea, that all around us are things we canโt see that are out to get us, is common and universal. Rabbi Shafran cites an example in ืกืคืจ ืืืืืจ:
ืึทืึฐืฉืึทืึผึทื ืืณ ืึผึธืขึธื ืึตืช ืึทื ึผึฐืึธืฉืึดืื ืึทืฉึผืึฐืจึธืคึดืื ืึทืึฐื ึทืฉึผืึฐืืึผ ืึถืช ืึธืขึธื; ืึทืึผึธืึธืช ืขึทื ืจึธื ืึดืึผึดืฉืึฐืจึธืึตืื
ืืขืื ืฉื ืขื ืฉื ืืขืื ืฉ ืื, ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉื ืขื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืจืื, ืืื ืฉืืชืื (ืืืจืื ื:ืื) ืึทืึผืึนืึดืืึฒืึธ ืึทึผืึดึผืึฐืึธึผืจ ืึทืึธึผืึนื ืึฐืึทื ึผืึนืจึธื ื ึธืึธืฉื ืฉึธืืจึธืฃ ืึฐืขึทืงึฐืจึธื ืึฐืฆึดืึธึผืืึนื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตืื ืึธืึดื, ืืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืื ื ืืืง ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจืื.
ืฉืึธืึทื in the Kal means โto sendโ, โto put something in motion towards a goalโ. But ืฉืึทืึผึตืึท in Pielโฆhas the meaning of letting something goโฆnot to hold it backโฆHere, too, not โG-d sent serpentsโ but โlet them goโโฆHence not ื ึฐืึธืฉืึดืื ืฉืึฐืจึธืคึดืื but ืึทื ึผึฐืึธืฉืึดืื ืึทืฉึผืึฐืจึธืคึดืื; they had always been there in the wilderness but hitherto they had been kept back by G-dโs careful protecting Power. Now G-d withdraws this restraining power, and the serpents of the wilderness follow their natural traits to which the people succumbed.
So this ืืจืื is sort of a warning as well. Donโt take your security for granted; ืืณ ืืืกื ืืืฆืืืชื is a gift that must be earned.
The next part of the perek echoes the first. Moshe tells his audience, โYou trust in ืืณ, so you can experience the ืขืืืื of the first pasuk: you will be ืืฉื ืืกืชืจ ืขืืืืโ and he ties it back to the beginning of ืคืจืง ืฆ:โ ืืื ึพื ืืขืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืื ื.
ืื ืืชื ืืณ ืืืกื; ืขืืืื ืฉืืช ืืขืื ืื
Rashi does not translate this as a apostrophe to ืืณ (โYou, O G-d, are my refugeโ), which is the way the English translations do. If that were the case, then Moshe would be switching his address (the โyouโ) from the people to ืืณ. Thatโs possible, but Rashi (and I would interpret this like Rashi) says that this is still addressed to ืื ื ืืฉืจืื: โYou say: G-d is my refugeโ. And therefore, ืขืืืื ืฉืืช ืืขืื ื, โyou have placed your dwelling on highโ: you get to live under the aegis of ืืงืืดื.
ืื ืืชื ืืืจืช ืืณ ืืืกื: ืืืจื ืื ืืงืจื ืงืฆืจ.
ืขืืืื ืฉืืช ืืขืื ื: ืืช ืืงืืดื ืฉืืช ืืขืื ืืืืื.
And therefore you have nothing to fear:
ื ืื ืชืื ื ืืืื ืจืขื; ืื ืืข ืื ืืงืจื ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืฆืื ืื; ืืฉืืจื ืืื ืืจืืืื ืื ืขื ืืคืื ืืฉืืื ื; ืคื ืชืืฃ ืืืื ืจืืืื ืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืคืชื ืชืืจื; ืชืจืืก ืืคืืจ ืืชื ืืื
This is a much stronger reassurance than the previous part. There, you will face dangers and not fear them. Here, you will not even have to face the danger. In fact, you will become the predator, treading on the snakes and lions. The midrash says that it was participating in building the ืืฉืื made that possible:
ืื ืืข ืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื: ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื, ืขื ืฉืื ืืืงื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืงืื ืืชืืจืื ืืขืืื ืืืจืืืช, ืืืฉืืืงื ืืืฉืื ืฉืฉืจื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืืงืื ืื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื: โืื ืืข ืื ืืงืจื ืืืืืโ, ืื ืืื ืืืขื.
The one who dwells ืืฆื ืฉืึพื becomes a partner with ืืณ. The ืืืืงืื are nothing to worry about.
Then Moshe, as the ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื, quotes ืืงืืดื directly:
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉืง ืืืคืืืื; ืืฉืืืื ืื ืืืข ืฉืืื ืื ืืงืจืื ื ืืืขื ืื ืขืื ืื ืื ืืฆืจื; ืืืืฆืื ืืืืืืืื ืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืืขืื; ืืืจืืื ืืืฉืืขืชืื
And this forms the conclusion to the ืชืคืื ืืืฉื. The answer to ืืื ืฉื ืืชืื ื ืืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉื ืโฆืืจืืื ืขืื ืืืื is ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืืขืื: we will be satisfied with the length of our days, no matter how short they may be compared to the ืืืฃ ืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืื, as long as they are filled with the productive work of ืขืืืืช ืืณ.
When we recite this perek during davening (which we do, often), we double the last line. Avudraham says that the number of words symbolize the 248 body parts that need protection:
ืืืืขื ืฉืืืคืืื ืืชืืื โืืืื ื ืืขืโ ืืืืกืืฃ โืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืืขืืโ, ืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืืฉื ืืกืชืจ ืขืืืื ืขื ืคืกืืง ืืืื ื ืืขื ืืฉ ืื ืงืืดื ืชืืืืช ืืืฉืชืืคืื ืืืื ืจืืดื. ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืคืื ืคืขื ืืืจืช ืืื ืืคื ื ืืืจื ืืฆืืืจ ืชืงื ื ืืืคื ืืคืกืืง ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืื, ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืคืื ืืืื. ืืืื ืชืงื ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืฆืื ืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืชืืืช ืืฉืืืข ืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืจืืดื ืืืืจืื.
The Tur gives a kabbalistic reason:
ืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ โืืืื ื ืืขืโ, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืฉื ืืืฉืจืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืกืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื. ืื ืืืืื ืืืคืื ืคืกืืง โืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืืขืืโ ืฉืขืดื ืื ื ืฉืื ืืฉื ืืืืฆื ืืื ื.
ืืื ืื ื ืขืกืง ืื ืกืชืจืืช, but that goes with ืืฉืืืื ืื ืืืข ืฉืื, and the idea of ืืืืขื ืฉืื specifically refers to having ืืืืื in ืืณ:
ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืฉืื; ืื ืื ืขืืืช ืืจืฉืื ืืณื
And that is what ืชืคืื ืืืฉื is all about.