Let me explain.
No, there is too much. Let me sum up
We have come to the end of ืฉืืืื ื. We have spoken about the fact that the book ends with Israel in much the same position that it started, under the rule of the Philistines, divided, without a king. How are we to look at Saulโs reign? Our two sources, ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื and ืืืจื ืืืืื have very different endings that give very different impressions of Saul. ืฉืืืื ends on a positive note, with the honor of Saul at his burial:
ืืืงืื ืืช ืขืฆืืชืืื ืืืงืืจื ืชืืช ืืืฉื ืืืืฉื; ืืืฆืื ืฉืืขืช ืืืืื
While ืืืจื ืืืืื emphasizes everything Saul did wrong:
ืื ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืฉืจ ืืขื ืืืณ ืขื ืืืจ ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉืืจ; ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืฉื
ืื ืืื ืืจืฉ ืืืณ ืืืืืชืื;
ืืืกื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืื
ืชื ื ืขื ืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืช ืืืชื ืฆืืืง ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืื, ืืฉืืจื ื ืื ืขืืจ ืืืื ืื, ืืขื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืื, ืืขื ืฉืื ืฉืืข ืืฉืืืื ืฉืืดื ืฉืืขืช ืืืื ืชืืืื, ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืืืขืื ื.
So was Saul a success or a failure?
Yes.
Weโve seen everything he did wrong, ending with his ignominious defeat and death. But there is a lot of emphasis on the respect he is owed, simply by being Israelโs first king.
ืืื ืืขืื ืืืจ ืขืืืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื:ืื) ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ื [ืืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืณ]..โืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืฉืืืโโฆืื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ื ืกืคื ืืืืืโฆ
He is called (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื)โ ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืณ. And David treats him with the greatest respect:
ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืงื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืื ืชื ืื ื ืืืช ืืขืื ืืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืชื ืืจืื ืืืช ืฉื ืืฉืจ ืชืืื (ืชืืืื) ืฉื ืืคืืฉืชืื (ืฉืื ืคืืฉืชืื) ืืืื ืืืืช ืคืืฉืชืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืขื ืื ืืืขื ืืฉื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืื ืชื ืื ื; ืืืืกืคื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืืืืงืขืืื ืื ืืืงืืจื ืืช ืขืฆืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืชื ืื ื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืื ืืฆืืข ืืงืืจ ืงืืฉ ืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืืื; ืืืขืชืจ ืืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืจื ืืื
Rabbi Shalom Carmy wrote an essay about a similar leader who was in a similar position:
Prime Minister
Menachem Begin took time off, during the 1981 election campaign, to
deliver a lecture on the Bible. His thesis was that king Saul had been
treated badly by the prophet Samuel.
โฆ
Beginโฆ is a 19th century liberal nationalist who recognizes
spiritual and legal limits to executive power. He fought for judicial supremacy
in opposition, and accepted judicial authority when in power. He
experiences Samuelโs religious authority as legitimate: for that reason,
Samuelโs turning away from Saul is a personal rejectionโฆIt is as if Samuel were a father figure whom nothing
that Saul does can satisfy.
Begin seems hurt by Samuelโs lack of appreciation for Saulโs success.
For two reasons he deems Samuelโs rejection particularly unfair: First,
despite deviation from the prophetโs instructions, the war had gone well;
Saul was triumphantโhe had gotten the job done. Secondly, as Saul points
out in his defense, it was not his fault but that of the people, who were
about to disperse (in chapter 13) and who took plunder (in chapter 15).
It is impossible for anyone who values Menachem Beginโs lifelong
commitment to the Jewish people to read Prime Minister Beginโs defense
of Saul without a keen sense of its autobiographical aspects. I do not mean
only the palpable cry of the wounded servant of his people who, despite
everything, is still disparaged and forever shunned by the entitled elitesโ
this, after achieving the peace treaty with Egypt! More painfully, the two
excuses Begin offers on Saulโs behalfโthat the military goal had been
accomplished and that he had been unable to control the peopleโ
fatefully foreshadow the Lebanon War of 1982. Here, as you will recall, the
military operation was successful, but its benefits were undermined [by] moral
flaws that had not been part of his plan, as Ariel Sharonโฆpressed ahead, exceeded his instructions
and left Begin to confront the consequences.
Saul did what the people expected of him: he won wars and created peace:
ืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืืื ืกืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืขืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฆืืื ืืืคืืฉืชืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืคื ื ืืจืฉืืขื
ืื ืืืขืฉ ืืื ืืื ืืช ืขืืืง; ืืืฆื ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืฉืกืืื
But ืืณ expected more of him, more than he could handle. It certainly seems unfair. But that is the nature of being a king. As Rabbi Shulman has said, we talk about (ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืื,ื)โ ืืคืชื ืืืืจื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื. This means not only that we have to respect the leaders that we have, but we also get the leaders that we deserve (no contemporary politics, please!). The leader of a nation in fact has less free will than the individual:
ืคืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืณ; ืขื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืืคืฅ ืืื ื ื
ืืื ืขืืงืื ืขืฆื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืฉ ืชืืื ื ืืืื ืื
ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืคืจืื ื ืชืื ืืจืฉืืชื ืืืืืืจื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืื ืืืื, ืืืจ ืฉืืืืืจืืชื ืชืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื, ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืจื ืจืข ืืฉืืืช ืจืืื ืืขืฆืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืณ, ืืืื ืืขื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจื. ืืืืืื ืืคืืื ืืื, ืฉืืืื, ืืจืืชื ืืืจืจื ืขืโฆืืฉืชืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืคืืจ ืืื ืชืขืื ืืืืืืชื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืฆืจืืืื, ืืืืืฉืจื ืืืืกื ืืืชื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืืชื ืฆืจืืโฆืื ืื ืืืโฆ ืืื ืืณ ืืืื ืืืชื ืืคื ืจืฆืื ื, ืืื ืืืช ืืืืโฆ
Erel Segal-Halevi points out that the tells us that Saul changed in this way, in his ืื:
ืืืื ืืืคื ืชื ืฉืืื ืืืืช ืืขื ืฉืืืื ืืืืคื ืื ืืืงืื ืื ืืืจ; ืืืืื ืื ืืืชืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื
Rabbi Joshua Cypess points out that the people asked for a king inappropriately, and Saulโs appointment was a divine ืืื ืื ืื ืืื:
ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืณ ืืืงืื ื ืชื ืื ืืืจืฉืชื ืืืฉืืชื ืื; ืืืืจืช ืืฉืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืกืืืืชืื
ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืงื ืช ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืจืืื; ืขืชื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืฉืคืื ื ืืื ืืืืืื
So what do we expect from a Jewish king?
ื ืืื ืฆื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื
ื ืืณ ืืขืื ืืฉืื ืืื; ืืืืฉืืขืชื ืื ืืืื (ืืื) ืืืื
ื ืชืืืช ืืื ื ืชืชื ืื; ืืืจืฉืช ืฉืคืชืื ืื ืื ืขืช ืกืืื
ื ืื ืชืงืืื ื ืืจืืืช ืืื; ืชืฉืืช ืืจืืฉื ืขืืจืช ืคืื
ื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ื ืชืชื ืื; ืืจื ืืืื ืขืืื ืืขืื
ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืขืชื; ืืื ืืืืจ ืชืฉืื ืขืืืื
ื ืื ืชืฉืืชืื ืืจืืืช ืืขื; ืชืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืคื ืืื
ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืณ; ืืืืกื ืขืืืื ืื ืืืืื
ื ืชืืฆื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื; ืืืื ื ืชืืฆื ืฉื ืืืื
ื ืชืฉืืชืื ืืชื ืืจ ืืฉ ืืขืช ืคื ืื;
ืืณ ืืืคื ืืืืขื; ืืชืืืื ืืฉื
ืื ืคืจืืื ืืืจืฅ ืชืืื; ืืืจืขื ืืื ื ืืืื
ืื ืื ื ืื ืขืืื ืจืขื; ืืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืืื
ืื ืื ืชืฉืืชืื ืฉืื; ืืืืชืจืื ืชืืื ื ืขื ืคื ืืืื
ืื ืจืืื ืืณ ืืขืื; ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืจืชืื
ืืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืชืืื
What does ืืฉืื ืืื mean? ืฉืืื is different from ืฆืืืง.โ ืฆืืืง, laughter, is the response to things that are incongruous, that donโt fit together. We find humor in puns, pratfalls and the unexpected blessing, and to these we laugh. Sometimes the distance between what we want and what reality presents us with is so great, we say โif I donโt laugh, Iโll cry.โ ืฉืืื, joy, is different. ืฉืืื is the feeling that things are as they should be, that everything has worked out, the feeling of ื ืืช ืจืื.
David describes the ideal king as one who feels that confidence in the ืขื and ืืฉืืขื of ืืณ, in contrast to Saul who could not wait for Samuel, who needed to go to the ืืขืืช ืืื. Such a king will victorious as ืืณ fulfils his (the kingโs) desires, and even anticipates them (ืชืงืืื ื ืืจืืืช ืืื).
The introduction ends (at ืกืื) with the reward: ืืณ will fulfill ืืจืฉืช ืฉืคืชืื.
ืืืื ืืื ืืืณ
The two verses of the introduction are expanded in the remainder of the ืคืจืง:
The ideal king is not interested in his own aggrandizement; he sees his glory in ืืณ's salvation: ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืขืชื.
Part one ends with the summary, ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืณ.
The perek then describes the battle with the wicked; again, it is all ืืณ's work.
ืชืฉืืชืื ืฉืื
ืฉืื is a hard word to translate. Hirsch translates it with its usual meaning, shoulder, as somehow G-d setting His shoulder to pull the bow, ืืืืชืจืื ืชืืื ื. Most commentators translate it in the sense of (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื:ืื)โ ืืื ื ื ืชืชื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืขื ืืืื, a portion. The verse is read as โืืณ set them (the kingโs enemies) apart, so they can be shot downโ.
And David, who is this ideal king (at least the David of ืชืืืืื is), ends with ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืจืชื.