Getting back to the story of David’s return to the מלכות, David has been in contact with both יהודה and ישראל, and both parts of the nation want him back. He is still in Machanaim, on the east side of the Jordan.
David is described as וַיָּשָׁב הַמֶּלֶךְ, ”the king returned“ from his negotiations (we don’t know how long it took) and goes to the banks of the Jordan, opposite Gilgal (which is on the west side), where the people of יהודה have come to welcome him back. So the people of ישראל come as well:
The people צלחו הירדן לפני המלך.
צלח has more of the sense of “overcome”; they didn’t just cross the Jordan, they overwhelmed it. Everyone is eager to bring David back (or at least eager to appear eager). We don’t have any of the names of the people from יהודה, but we have two names from ישראל: שמעי בן גרא and ציבא נער בית שאול. We’ve seen them before:
And שמעי begs for forgiveness:
Note that he calls himself ראשון לכל בית יוסף. As we’ve said, the northern part of the country, ישראל, was dominated by אפרים and מנשה, and was identified as יוסף. שבט בנימין was part of that north, and, since Shaul was from Binyamin, it was an important part even though it was the smallest tribe.
And David’s nephew אבישי (like his brother יואב, always eager to solve problems by stabbing them) wants to continue the fight:
David wants only reconciliation (note the three-fold repetition of היום: today is a new day).
And in a literary sense, David is demonstrating the power of תשובה:
Then, מפבשת the son of יהונתן בן שאול comes and we discover the truth about ציבא:
The text tells us that מפבשת was not anticipating David’s fall, he was mourning it. ציבא was lying.
David doesn’t know who is telling the truth, so he establishes the halachic principle of יחלוקו.
And of course this will be subverted in Shlomo’s decision to divide the baby. But that story needs the normative background that we have here in order to make sense.
Next we have ברזלי הגלעדי who helped David when he was in hiding:
The שָׁרִים וְשָׁרוֹת hints that David’s palace was a royal palace, with luxuries unavailable to the common people. We haven’t seen before that David was acting like a king in that sense, but it clearly happened.
The text’s description of ברזלי הגלעדי echoes a previous story:
Whatever גלגול, ”reincarnation“, means (not that I know how to interpret that kabbalistically) it can’t be literal. Barzilai is 80 and David is 66; Naval dies long after Barzilai is born. It is a literary reincarnation, bringing closure to the story that began back in שמואל א. That story was the foreshadowing of the story of Bat Sheva:
David is closing the circle, supporting the Naval character where Naval himself would not support David. It is another example of the power of תשובה and מיחלה.
In a sense, Avigail taught David the real meaning of מלכות. He got it wrong with Bat Sheva, and it’s taken this long for him to get it right. Today is the day he becomes king, הלוא ידעתי כי היום אני מלך על ישראל.
These three vignettes bring a sense of closure to this entire third section of ספר שמואל, that deals with the nature of תשובה and מלכות. We see David acting as a king, just like the conclusion of the second section, (שמואל ב ח:טו) וימלך דוד על כל ישראל; ויהי דוד עשה משפט וצדקה לכל עמו. But we still have one more chapter before the narrative ends (chapters 21-24 are appendices to the narrative, as we will see). Like any good novel, we’ve left a loose end that will form the basis for the sequel, ספר מלכים:
This ties into the novel we mentioned last time, Yochi Brandes’s The Secret Book of Kings, that retells the stories of ספר שמואל and ספר מלכים from the perspective of the northern tribes. It’s a novel, not כתבי הקודש, but I think it accurately reflects the feelings of many in Israel at this time, that יהודה and specifically דוד were imposing a unity that oppressed the other tribes. It also makes the point that many were opposed to the centralization of עבודת ה׳ that started with bringing the ארון to Jerusalem (even if Jerusalem was a city of בינימין), and במות as local temples remained popular throughout ספר מלכים, and this is why ירבעם made his temples when he split the kingdom. This will come to a head in the next perek, when שבע בן בכרי declares (שמואל ב כ:א), אין לנו חלק בדוד ולא נחלה לנו בבן ישי.
I was amused by this pair of (hypothetical) articles, describing the same faciilty for migrant children:
As Scott Adams says, the people are watching “two movies on one screen”.
But it’s interesting that the ספר מלכים that is foreshadowed here is not the one that would be written 400 years later. That book, written by ירמיהו looking at the חורבן הבית, focuses more on עבודה זרה than the split of the kingdom and the failure of מלכות בית דוד. ואכמ״ל.
I want to go back to the interaction between David and מפבשת. We saw that as an example of משפט, but חז״ל saw it as part of the foreshadowing of the split to come. מפבשת is of course the last survivor of the line of Saul, and David was instrumental in wiping out his family:
And חז״ל sense the tension in the conversation between the two of them. The gemara discusses David’s two sins, Bat Sheva/Uriah and the census in פרק כד:
חז״ל saw in this interaction between the first king from יהודה, and the last remnant of the kings from בנימין, not a shining example of משפט וצדקה but of the power of מריבה to destroy everything. The argument between רב and שמואל is whether מפבשת actually was working against David or not; whether it was David’s fault for accepting לשון הרע or מפיבשת's fault for not supporting David. But either way, this was a hint of what was to come. חז״ל also saw a reference to this in the way מפבשת is named in דברי הימים:
We’ve talked about the fact that ספר שמואל consistently changes names with בעל to בשת; thus the son of Saul was really אשבעל but in ספר שמואל is called אשבשת. Thus מפיבשת’s name was probably מפיבעל. But in דברי הימים calls him מריב־בעל. The gemara says that is an editorial comment by the author:
And so מפיבשת's remark to David:
was in fact sarcastic; “If you are going to listen to lies about me, then I’m happy you returned בשלום. I want nothing to do with you”. As we discussed in the story of Avhsalom, לך בשלום means “don’t let the door hit you on the way out”.
And the connection between the splitting the fields and splitting the kingdom is more direct than it seems:
The Chofetz Chaim connects this all the way back, to the original conflict between בני לאה and בני רחל, and to the pernicious effects of לשון הרע through history: