ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Split the Difference

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

Getting back to the story of Davidโ€™s return to the ืžืœื›ื•ืช, David has been in contact with both ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” and ื™ืฉืจืืœ, and both parts of the nation want him back. He is still in Machanaim, on the east side of the Jordan.

ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ; ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜:ื˜ื–

David is described as ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉืึธื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ, โ€the king returnedโ€œ from his negotiations (we donโ€™t know how long it took) and goes to the banks of the Jordan, opposite Gilgal (which is on the west side), where the people of ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” have come to welcome him back. So the people of ื™ืฉืจืืœ come as well:

ื™ื– ื•ื™ืžื”ืจ ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืจื“ ืขื ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ืขืžื• ืžื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื—ืžืฉืช ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืืชื•; ื•ืฆืœื—ื• ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื•; ื•ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื ื ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

The people ืฆืœื—ื• ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš.

ื•ืฆืœื—ื•: ื•ืขื‘ืจื•, ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• (ืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื“:ื•): ื•ืชืฆืœื— ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ื™ื—

ืฆืœื— has more of the sense of โ€œovercomeโ€; they didnโ€™t just cross the Jordan, they overwhelmed it. Everyone is eager to bring David back (or at least eager to appear eager). We donโ€™t have any of the names of the people from ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, but we have two names from ื™ืฉืจืืœ:โ€Ž ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื and ืฆื™ื‘ื ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ. Weโ€™ve seen them before:

ื ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ื ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื ื ืขืจ ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช ืœืงืจืืชื•; ื•ืฆืžื“ ื—ืžืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืืชื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ืžืื” ืฆืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืื” ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื ื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืŸืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื ืžื” ืืœื” ืœืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืœืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืœื—ื (ื•ื”ืœื—ื) ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืฃ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ื ื” ืœืš ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื” ื•ื‘ื ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืขื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื; ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื ื™ืฆื ื™ืฆื•ื ื•ืžืงืœืœืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืกืงืœ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฉืžืืœื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ื–

And ืฉืžืขื™ begs for forgiveness:

ื› ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ ืื“ื ื™ ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืืœ ืชื–ื›ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืœืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืœื‘ื•ืƒ ื›ื ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืขื‘ื“ืš ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื˜ืืชื™; ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

Note that he calls himself ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ. As weโ€™ve said, the northern part of the country, ื™ืฉืจืืœ, was dominated by ืืคืจื™ื and ืžื ืฉื”, and was identified as ื™ื•ืกืฃ.โ€Ž ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ was part of that north, and, since Shaul was from Binyamin, it was an important part even though it was the smallest tribe.

ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ: ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ื›ื

And Davidโ€™s nephew ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ (like his brother ื™ื•ืื‘, always eager to solve problems by stabbing them) wants to continue the fight:

ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช ืœื ื™ื•ืžืช ืฉืžืขื™; ื›ื™ ืงืœืœ ืืช ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ืณืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื” ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื˜ืŸ; ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืฉืžืขื™ ืœื ืชืžื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืœื• ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

David wants only reconciliation (note the three-fold repetition of ื”ื™ื•ื: today is a new day).

ืžื” ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ื: ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืžื” ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื ืœื™, ื•ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื, ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ืœืžืงื˜ืจื’ ืœืื‘ื“ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™, ื•ืื ืื ืงื•ื ื‘ื•, ื”ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืืงื— ืžื”ื ื ืงื ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ืžืจื“ื• ื‘ื™, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ื™ืžืœื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืžืขืชื”.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ื›ื’

And in a literary sense, David is demonstrating the power of ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:

ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืžื” ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื˜ืŸ, ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ืœืฉืžืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื™ ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื”, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืืชื ืœื™ ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืคืจ ืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืžืขื™ ืืขืดืค ืฉืงืœืœื ื™ ืงืœืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื•ืืฉื‘ืข ืœื•, ื•ืžืžื ื™ ื™ืจืื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœ ืœื”ื, ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื’ื ืžื•ื—ืœ ืœื™ , ื•ื”ืœื โ€ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืœืšโ€œ, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืžืขื™ ื•ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืœื• ืคืชื— ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืžื•ื—ืœ ืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื›ืžืดืฉ ื—ื–ืดืœ.

ื—ื›ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื›ืจ ื“ื•ื“, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ึพืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ื›ื’

Then, ืžืคื‘ืฉืช the son of ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ comes and we discover the truth about ืฆื™ื‘ื:

ื›ื” ื•ืžืคื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืจื“ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉืคืžื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื›ื‘ืก ืœืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืœื›ืช ืขืžื™ ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืชืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืจืžื ื™; ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืขื‘ื“ืš ืื—ื‘ืฉื” ืœื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืืจื›ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืืœืš ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื™ ืคืกื— ืขื‘ื“ืšืƒ ื›ื— ื•ื™ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ืš ืืœ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืžืœืืš ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืšืƒ ื›ื˜ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ื›ื™ ืื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื•ืช ืœืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืชืฉืช ืืช ืขื‘ื“ืš ื‘ืื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื ืš; ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœื–ืขืง ืขื•ื“ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

The text tells us that ืžืคื‘ืฉืช was not anticipating Davidโ€™s fall, he was mourning it. ืฆื™ื‘ื was lying.

ืœ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžื” ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš; ืืžืจืชื™ ืืชื” ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื ืชื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื”ืƒ ืœื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืงื—; ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

David doesnโ€™t know who is telling the truth, so he establishes the halachic principle of ื™ื—ืœื•ืงื•.

ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืชโ€”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ื”;ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™โ€”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ื™ื”, ื•ื™ื—ืœื•ืงื•.

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื:ื

And of course this will be subverted in Shlomoโ€™s decision to divide the baby. But that story needs the normative background that we have here in order to make sense.


Next we have ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ who helped David when he was in hiding:

ื›ื– ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ื“ ืžื—ื ื™ืžื”; ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ ืžืจื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ืืœ ืžืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ืžืจื’ืœื™ืืƒ ื›ื— ืžืฉื›ื‘ ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ืงืžื— ื•ืงืœื™ ื•ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืงืœื™ืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ื—ืžืื” ื•ืฆืืŸ ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ; ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ื”ืขื ืจืขื‘ ื•ืขื™ืฃ ื•ืฆืžื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื–

ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ื™ืจื“ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื; ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ (ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ)ืƒ ืœื’ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื–ืงืŸ ืžืื“ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื ื™ื ืฉื ื”; ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืื“ืƒ ืœื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™; ืืชื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืชื™ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœืชื™ ืืชืš ืขืžื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืืƒ ืœื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš; ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื›ื™ ืืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืืƒ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข ืื ื™ื˜ืขื ืขื‘ื“ืš ืืช ืืฉืจ ืื›ืœ ื•ืืช ืืฉืจ ืืฉืชื” ืื ืืฉืžืข ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืจื•ึนืช; ื•ืœืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ืขื•ื“ ืœืžืฉื ืืœ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ืœื– ื›ืžืขื˜ ื™ืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื“ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ืœืžื” ื™ื’ืžืœื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืชืƒ ืœื— ื™ืฉื‘ ื ื ืขื‘ื“ืš ื•ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ ืขื ืงื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ ื•ืืžื™; ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื›ืžื”ื ื™ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื• ืืช ืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

The ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืจื•ึนืช hints that Davidโ€™s palace was a royal palace, with luxuries unavailable to the common people. We havenโ€™t seen before that David was acting like a king in that sense, but it clearly happened.

ื– ืงึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืคึธื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื™; ื’ึผึทื ืžึดืงึฐื ึถื” ื‘ึธืงึธืจ ื•ึธืฆึนืืŸ ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื™ ืžึดื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดืืƒ ื— ื›ึผึธื ึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึผืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึทืช ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืช; ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืฉืึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒื ึปื’ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึดื“ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึดื“ึผื•ึนืชืƒ

ืงื•ื”ืœืช ืคืจืง ื‘

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ืš ื›ืžื”ื: ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืœื ื›ืžื”ื ืขืžื ื•, ื•ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืžืš, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืžื• ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืชืจืฆื”.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ืœื—

The textโ€™s description of ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ echoes a previous story:

ื‘ ื•ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื•ืœื• ืฆืืŸ ืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืืœืฃ ืขื–ื™ื; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ื– ืืช ืฆืื ื• ื‘ื›ืจืžืœืƒ ื’ ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื ืืฉืชื• ืื‘ื’ื™ืœ; ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื™ืคืช ืชืืจ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืงืฉื” ื•ืจืข ืžืขืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื‘ื™ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื”

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจื™ื–ืดืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘, ืฉื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืจืžืœื™, ื•ื‘ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ืขื ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸโ€ฆื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœื™โ€ฆืฉื›ืดื– ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื•ืช, ื•ื–ืดืฉ โ€ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืื“โ€œ.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ืœื’

Whatever ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ, โ€reincarnationโ€œ, means (not that I know how to interpret that kabbalistically) it canโ€™t be literal. Barzilai is 80 and David is 66; Naval dies long after Barzilai is born. It is a literary reincarnation, bringing closure to the story that began back in ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื. That story was the foreshadowing of the story of Bat Sheva:

ื›ื’ ื•ืชืจื ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืชืžื”ืจ ื•ืชืจื“ ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ; ื•ืชืคืœ ืœืืคื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื” ื•ืชืฉืชื—ื• ืืจืฅืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ืชืคืœ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืชืืžืจ ื‘ื™ ืื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืŸ; ื•ืชื“ื‘ืจ ื ื ืืžืชืš ื‘ืื–ื ื™ืš ื•ืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืชืšืƒ ื›ื” ืืœ ื ื ื™ืฉื™ื ืื“ื ื™ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื ื‘ืœ ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื• ื•ื ื‘ืœื” ืขืžื•; ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืชืš ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื ืขืจื™ ืื“ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ืชืƒโ€ฆืœ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืณ ืœืื“ื ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš ื•ืฆื•ืš ืœื ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ืœื ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืœืš ืœืคื•ืงื” ื•ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืื“ื ื™ ื•ืœืฉืคืš ื“ื ื—ื ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืื“ื ื™ ืœื•; ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืณ ืœืื“ื ื™ ื•ื–ื›ืจืช ืืช ืืžืชืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื”

ืืžืจื” ืœื•: ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ืœืš ืœืคื•ืงื”, ื–ืืชโ€”ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืื—ืจื™ืชื™, ื•ืžืื™ ื ื™ื”ื•, ืžืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข, ื•ืžืกืงื ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืื™.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื“,ื‘

David is closing the circle, supporting the Naval character where Naval himself would not support David. It is another example of the power of ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” and ืžื™ื—ืœื”.

ืœื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืชื™ ื™ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืžื”ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš; ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชื‘ื—ืจ ืขืœื™ ืืขืฉื” ืœืšืƒ ืž ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืœืš ืขื‘ืจ; ื•ื™ืฉืง ื”ืžืœืš ืœื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืจื›ื”ื• ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืžืงืžื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

ื ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื• ืœืืžืจืƒโ€ฆื– ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ืชืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื ืš; ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ืืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื—ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืื—ื™ืš.

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึผื“ึธืŸ ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ (ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™) ื‘ึทืจึฐื–ึดืœึผึทื™, ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืกึดืคึฐืจึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึถื“ึฐืšึธ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืึฒื›ึดื™ืœ ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผืกึธื” ืœึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง, ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืกึดืคึฐืจึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”.

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื ื—:ื—

In a sense, Avigail taught David the real meaning of ืžืœื›ื•ืช. He got it wrong with Bat Sheva, and itโ€™s taken this long for him to get it right. Today is the day he becomes king, ื”ืœื•ื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


These three vignettes bring a sense of closure to this entire third section of ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, that deals with the nature of ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” and ืžืœื›ื•ืช. We see David acting as a king, just like the conclusion of the second section, (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื—:ื˜ื•)โ€Ž ื•ื™ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•. But we still have one more chapter before the narrative ends (chapters 21-24 are appendices to the narrative, as we will see). Like any good novel, weโ€™ve left a loose end that will form the basis for the sequel, ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื:

ืžื ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื”ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืžื•; ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• (ื”ืขื‘ืจื•) ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื’ื ื—ืฆื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ืžื‘ ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ื•ืš ืื—ื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืƒ
ืžื’ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœื™ ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืจื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”; ื”ืื›ื•ืœ ืื›ืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ืื ื ืฉืืช ื ืฉื ืœื ื•ืƒ
ืžื“ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืขืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ ื‘ืžืœืš ื•ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืžืš ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืงืœืชื ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืœื›ื™; ื•ื™ืงืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

This ties into the novel we mentioned last time, Yochi Brandesโ€™s The Secret Book of Kings, that retells the stories of ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ and ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื from the perspective of the northern tribes. Itโ€™s a novel, not ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, but I think it accurately reflects the feelings of many in Israel at this time, that ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” and specifically ื“ื•ื“ were imposing a unity that oppressed the other tribes. It also makes the point that many were opposed to the centralization of ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืณ that started with bringing the ืืจื•ืŸ to Jerusalem (even if Jerusalem was a city of ื‘ื™ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ), and ื‘ืžื•ืช as local temples remained popular throughout ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื, and this is why ื™ืจื‘ืขื made his temples when he split the kingdom. This will come to a head in the next perek, when ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ declares (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›:ื),โ€Ž ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™.

I was amused by this pair of (hypothetical) articles, describing the same faciilty for migrant children:

At the 66-acre site,
groups of beige trailers
encircle a giant white dining tent,
a soccer field and a basketball court.

There is a bright blue hospital tent
with white bunk beds inside.


A legal services trailer
has the Spanish word โ€œBienvenidos,โ€
or welcome, on a banner on its roof.


There are


trailers for classrooms,
a barber shop, a hair salon.
The facility has its own ambulances
and firetrucks,

as well as its own water supplyโ€ฆ


The most colorful trailer is at the entryway,
where flowers, butterflies and
handmade posters still hang on its wallsโ€ฆ

     Crowded into less than 70 acres,
dusty trailers huddle around
a military style mess tent,
a few basketball hoops
and what we were told is a soccer field.
There is an ominous, blue medical tent
crammed with narrow, sterile bunk beds
of the type one associates
with mental wards of the last century.
A legal services trailer
with a banner on its roof reads โ€˜Bienvenidos,โ€™
or welcome, an irony that could hardly be lost on
those kept here away from family, friends
and the promise of America.
In a half-hearted gesture towards the
basic needs of its young inmates,
trailers never designed for the job
have been pressed into service as makeshift classrooms,
a barber shop and a hair salon.
A grim-looking ambulance
and firetrucks
stand ready in recognition of the inevitable.
The campโ€™s water trickles reluctantly
from hurriedly drilled, shallow wells.
Standing out in this largely beige world,
one trailer near the entryway has been ham-handedly
decorated with cheap posters featuring butterflies and flowers,
their once bright colors fading rapidly under the glaring sun.

Anne Althouse, February 23, 2021, 8:01 am

As Scott Adams says, the people are watching โ€œtwo movies on one screenโ€.

But itโ€™s interesting that the ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื that is foreshadowed here is not the one that would be written 400 years later. That book, written by ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• looking at the ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, focuses more on ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” than the split of the kingdom and the failure of ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“.โ€Ž ื•ืื›ืžืดืœ.


I want to go back to the interaction between David and ืžืคื‘ืฉืช. We saw that as an example of ืžืฉืคื˜, but ื—ื–ืดืœ saw it as part of the foreshadowing of the split to come. ืžืคื‘ืฉืช is of course the last survivor of the line of Saul, and David was instrumental in wiping out his family:

ื– ื•ื™ื—ืžืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœ ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ; ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœืƒ ื— ื•ื™ืงื— ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฆืคื” ื‘ืช ืื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืืจืžื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืคื‘ืฉืช; ื•ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืชื™ืƒ ื˜ ื•ื™ืชื ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื•ื™ืงื™ืขื ื‘ื”ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื•ื™ืคืœื• ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื (ืฉื‘ืขืชื) ื™ื—ื“; ื•ื”ื (ื•ื”ืžื”) ื”ืžืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื ื™ื ืชื—ืœืช (ื‘ืชื—ืœืช) ืงืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืจื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื›ื

And ื—ื–ืดืœ sense the tension in the conversation between the two of them. The gemara discusses Davidโ€™s two sins, Bat Sheva/Uriah and the census in ืคืจืง ื›ื“:

ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื [ื—ืื˜ื™ื]. ืžึทืื™ ื ึดื™ื ึฐื”ื•ึผ? ื“ึผึฐืื•ึผืจึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึทื”ึฒืกึธืชึธื”โ€ฆื•ึฐื”ึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข [ืจืฉืดื™: ืขืœ ืžืคื™ื‘ื•ืฉืช ืžืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื]! ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ, ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืœึนื ืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข. ื•ึผืœึฐืจึทื‘ ื ึธืžึตื™ ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข, ื”ึธื ืึดื™ืคึผึฐืจึทืขื•ึผ ืžึดื™ื ึผึตื™ื”ึผ. ื“ึผึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึดืžึฐืคึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืฉืึถืช โ€ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฆึดื™ื‘ึธื ืชึผึทื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”โ€œ ื™ึธืฆึฐืึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืงื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน ืจึฐื—ึทื‘ึฐืขึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืจื‡ื‘ึฐืขึธื ื™ึทื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช.

ื™ื•ืžื ื›ื‘,ื‘

ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืึธืžึทืจ: ืœึนื ืงึดื™ื‘ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข, ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื ื—ึฒื–ึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ื”ึผ [ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ืœืฅ: ื•ื‘ืฉืœื”ื ื ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉืื›ืŸ ืฆื“ืง ืฆื™ื‘ื].

ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•,ื

ื—ื–ืดืœ saw in this interaction between the first king from ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, and the last remnant of the kings from ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, not a shining example of ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” but of the power of ืžืจื™ื‘ื” to destroy everything. The argument between ืจื‘ and ืฉืžื•ืืœ is whether ืžืคื‘ืฉืช actually was working against David or not; whether it was Davidโ€™s fault for accepting ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข or ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช's fault for not supporting David. But either way, this was a hint of what was to come. ื—ื–ืดืœ also saw a reference to this in the way ืžืคื‘ืฉืช is named in ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื:

ืœื’ ื•ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืงื™ืฉ ื•ืงื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ืžืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืข ื•ืืช ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืืช ืืฉื‘ืขืœืƒ ืœื“ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ; ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ึพื‘ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืžื™ื›ื”ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื—

Weโ€™ve talked about the fact that ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ consistently changes names with ื‘ืขืœ to ื‘ืฉืช; thus the son of Saul was really ืืฉื‘ืขืœ but in ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ is called ืืฉื‘ืฉืช. Thus ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืชโ€™s name was probably ืžืคื™ื‘ืขืœ. But in ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื calls him ืžืจื™ื‘ึพื‘ืขืœ. The gemara says that is an editorial comment by the author:

ื”ึทื™ึฐื™ื ื•ึผ ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘: ื•ึผื‘ึถืŸ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนื ึธืชึธืŸ ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึธืขึทืœ, ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน? ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึนื ืžึฐืคึดื™ื‘ึนืฉืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน! ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืžึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืขึดื ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึธื™ื•.

ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•,ื‘

And so ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช's remark to David:

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืงื—; ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ืœื

was in fact sarcastic; โ€œIf you are going to listen to lies about me, then Iโ€™m happy you returned ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. I want nothing to do with youโ€. As we discussed in the story of Avhsalom, ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื means โ€œdonโ€™t let the door hit you on the way outโ€.

ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน [ืžืคื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš]: ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืชึผึธื‘ึนื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื, ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ? ืœึนื ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึตืฉื ืœึดื™ ืชึผึทืจึฐืขื•ึนืžื•ึนืช ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึทืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึฑื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืโ€ฆืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึดืžึฐืคึดื™ื‘ึนืฉืึถืช: ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฆึดื™ื‘ึธื ืชึผึทื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”, ื™ึธืฆึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืงื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน: ืจึฐื—ึทื‘ึฐืขึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึธื‘ึฐืขึธื ื™ึทื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธื”. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘: ืึดื™ืœึฐืžึธืœึตื™ ืœึนื ืงึดื™ื‘ึผึตืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืœึนื ื ึถื—ึฐืœึฐืงึธื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื’ึผึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ.

ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•,ื‘

And the connection between the splitting the fields and splitting the kingdom is more direct than it seems:

ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื—ืงืจ ืืช ืื‘ื™ ื›ืขืช ืžื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืื– ืืฉืœื— ืืœื™ืš ื•ื’ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื–ื ืšืƒโ€ฆื˜ื• ื•ืœื ืชื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื—ืกื“ืš ืžืขื ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื; ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืณ ืืช ืื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ื›ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืณ ืžื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื•; ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ืช ื ืคืฉื• ืื”ื‘ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›

ืžื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“: ื›ื ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•: ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ื“, ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืืžืจ ืœืžืคื™ื‘ื•ืฉืช: ืืชื” ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื ืชื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื”, ื™ืฆืชื” ื‘ืช ืงื•ืœ ื•ืืžืจื”: ืจื—ื‘ืขื ื•ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื™ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›:ื˜ื–

ื”ืจื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืืขืดืค ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ , ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื˜:ืœ

The Chofetz Chaim connects this all the way back, to the original conflict between ื‘ื ื™ ืœืื” and ื‘ื ื™ ืจื—ืœ, and to the pernicious effects of ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข through history:

ืืœื” ืชืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื” ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฆืืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื”ื” ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื–ืœืคื” ื ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ื•; ื•ื™ื‘ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื“ื‘ืชื ืจืขื” ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ืืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื–:ื‘

ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ืกื‘ื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืื—ื™ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื›ื• ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื”ื•โ€ฆื•ื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืžื•ื›ืจื• ืœืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”โ€ฆืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื• ืœื ืจืฆื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸโ€ฆื•ืชื—ืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื–ืจืข ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื”ืดืจ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื–ืจืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื• ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื›ื–ื”? ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื• ื“ื”ืžืขืดื”, ืฉื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืคื™ื‘ื•ืฉืชโ€ฆ

ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื”ืดืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื—ื–ืดืœ ืืœืžืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉื”ืดืจ ืœื ื ื—ืœืงื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื›ื•ืดื ื•ืœื ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืžืืจืฆื ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•.

ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉื‘

And so the tragedy of Jewish history continues.