We see, therefore, that war is not merely an act of policy but a true political instrument, a continuation of political intercourse carried on with other means.
David now turns from his mourning to action:
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืณ ืืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืืช ืขืจื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืื ืขืื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื ืืขืื ืืืืืจ ืืืจื ืื
ื ืืืขื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืฉืชื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืืื
ื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืขืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืชื; ืืืฉืื ืืขืจื ืืืจืืื
ื ืืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืืื; ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืฉืจ ืงืืจื ืืช ืฉืืืื
ืจืณ ืืื ื ืืืจ: ืืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืจ ืกืืื, ืืืจื ืืืคืื.
ืจืืืชื ืืคืจืฉ ืืฉืื โืืืื ืืืจื ืืโ ืืคื ืืื ืืืืจ ืฉโืืืจืโ ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืคืื, ืฉืืืชืื ืขื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืื.
It is striking that despite the fact that David has already determined to expand his sphere of influence beyond Ziklag (ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืงืฉืช ), he consults with the Urim VโTumim first:
ืืืจ ืฉืกืคืจ ืขื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืง ืืืืืช ืืืืงื ืืขืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืื, ืื ืืชืืืชื ืื ื ืืฉื ืขืคืดื ื ืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ื ืื ืข ืืคื ืื ืืขืื ื ืืื, ืืื ืืจืืคื ืืืชื ืื ื ืคื ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืคืขืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืณ, ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืชื ืื ืืจื ืืช ืืืืฉืจ ืืืชืชื ืืกืคื ืื ืงืื ื ืขืืื. ืืกืคืจ ืื ืื ืขืชื ืื ืืื ืืืขืชื ืืฉืื ืืืืงืฉ ืขืืจื, ืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืืข ืืืืืืช ืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืืื ืื ืืืืข ืขืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืืืโฆืืื ืขืฉื ืืืจ ืขื ื ืืื ืืืืงืื, ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืงืื ืืฉืื, ืืื ืกืื ืขื ืขืฆืชื ืืฉืืื, ืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืช ืืื ื ืื ืฉืืื, ืฉืืฉืืื ืขื ืืณ ืืืื (ืจืื ืชืืืืื ื ื:ืื).
And the site of Davidโs new capital is Hebron, which is significant in many ways. It is the ancient home of the patriarchs, giving it religious importance, and it is the population center of Judah (the people lived mostly in the mountains; David has previously been confined mostly to the southern wilderness). It is also the northernmost city under Davidโs influence:
ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืฆืงืื ืืืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืืงื ื ืืืืื ืืจืขืื ืืืืจ; ืื ื ืืื ืืจืื ืืฉืื ืืืื
ืืณื ืื ืืืฉืจ
ืืืืช ืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืจืืืช ื ืืืืืืฉืจ
ืืืชืจื ืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืขืจืขืจ ืืืืฉืจ
ืืฉืคืืืช ืืืืฉืจ
ืืืฉืชืืขื ืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืจืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืขืจื ืืืจืืืืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืขืจื ืืงืื ืื ื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืืจืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืืืจ ืขืฉื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืขืชืื ืื ืืืืฉืจ
ืืืืจืื; ืืืื ืืืงืืืช
ืืฉืจ ืืชืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื
So it is an ideal place to start to expand that influence. This works; the people of Judah respond by formally crowning him king.
ื ืืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืืื; ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืฉืจ ืงืืจื ืืช ืฉืืืื
ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืืขื; ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืจืืื ืืชื ืืืณ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืืืกื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืชืงืืจื ืืชืื
ื ืืขืชื ืืขืฉ ืืณ ืขืืื ืืกื ืืืืช; ืืื ืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืืืืจ ืืืื
ื ืืขืชื ืชืืืงื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื; ืืื ืืชื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืืืื
David next makes a bold political move, looking to ally with the group closest to Saul. The people of ืืืืฉ ืืืขื had been personally saved by Saul, and they were the only ones who would risk their lives to recover his body.
He promises that they will be repaid, both by ืืณ and by his royal favor (โjust happeningโ to mention that here) with a well-known hendiadys:
ืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืช ืืืงืจื ืืื ื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ื ื ืืฆืืชื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืฉืื ื ื ืืื ืชืืช ืืจืื; ืืขืฉืืช ืขืืื ืืกื ืืืืช ืื ื ื ืชืงืืจื ื ืืืฆืจืืื
ืืกื ืฉืขืืฉืื ืขื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืกื ืฉื ืืืช, ืฉืืื ื ืืฆืคื ืืชืฉืืื ืืืื.
And he hints that they need him:
ืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื: ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืจ ืืืืื ืืขืืืจืื.
ืื ืืืชื ืืฉืื: ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืืคื ืื ืื ืืื ื , ืืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืืขืืจ.
However, Davidโs overture fails, as we will see:
ื ืืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืขืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืจืขืื; ืืขื ืืคืจืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื
ื ืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืชืื ืฉื ืื ืืื; ืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืืื ืฉืืข ืฉื ืื ืืฉืฉื ืืืฉืืื
The Malbim sees a hint to the politicking in the wording here:
ืชืืื ืขื ืืืืขื, ืฉืืืืช ืื ืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื.
And it is important to note that the new capital of Israel is in ืืื ืื; Ishboshet had to be smuggled out (ืืืขืืจืื) to safety on the east bank of the Jordan. While Ishboshet is nominally king over โืืฉืจืื ืืืโ, the Philistines control the bulk of the country.
Before we look at who Ishboshet is, I would note that there was religious justification for continuing the royal line of Saul:
ืืงืจื ืืื ืืืจืฉ ืฉืขืชืืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืขืงื ืืืืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืฆืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื:ืื) ืืืืจ ื ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืฅ ืืื ืืื.
Now, who was Ishboshet? He doesnโt appear in the original list of Saulโs family:
ืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืฉืืื ืืื ืชื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืืฉืืข; ืืฉื ืฉืชื ืื ืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืจื ืืจื ืืฉื ืืงืื ื ืืืืื
ื ืืฉื ืืฉืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืช ืืืืืขืฅ; ืืฉื ืฉืจ ืฆืืื ืืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืืื ืฉืืืื
ื ื ืืงืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืจ ืืื ืืื ืจ ืื ืืืืืื
ื ืืคืืฉืชืื ื ืืืืื ืืืฉืจืื; ืืื ืกื ืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืคื ื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืคืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืขื
ื ืืืืืงื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืช ืื ืื; ืืืื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืช ืืืื ืชื ืืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืืฉืืข ืื ื ืฉืืืื
โฆื ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืืฉืช ืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื
ืืืฉืื: ืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืืืืณ ืฉืืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื.
And the only other children of Saul we know about were from his concubine (and they lived long after Ishoboshetโs death):
ืืืงื ืืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืื ื ืจืฆืคื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืื ื ืืืช ืืคืืฉืช; ืืืช ืืืฉืช ืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืขืืจืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืชืื
We will see Saulโs concubine (explicitly called that) ืจืฆืคื ืืช ืืื later. But ืืืฉ ืืฉืช is no where to be seen.
We have to look at the genealogy in ืืืจื ืืืืื:
ืื ืืืืืขืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืืื (ืืขืืื); ืืฉื ืืฉืชื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืขืืืื; ืืฆืืจ ืืงืืฉ ืืืขื ืื ืจ ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืงืืืชื ืื ืืืงืืืช ืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื; ืืืฃ ืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจืืฉืื ืขื ืืืืืื ืื ืื ืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืงืืฉ ืืงืืฉ ืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื; ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืชื ืืืช ืืืืืฉืืข ืืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืฉืืขืื
Now here, Saulโs grandfather is called ื ืจ, while in ืฉืืืื ื he is named ืืืืื.โ ื ืจ is Saulโs uncle.
ืืืืจ ืจืฉืืดื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืขืดื ืฉืืื ืืงื ื
ืืืืืง ื ืจืืช ืืจืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืืช ืืคืืืืช ืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืช
ืืืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืืืืง ื ืจืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืจืืื,
ืืชืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืืดื ื ื) ืื ืจ ืืืืื ืืช
ืงืืฉ ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉืดื ื) ืงืืฉ ืื
ืืืืื. ืื ืืืฆื? ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืขืดื ืฉืืื ืืืืืง
ื ืจืืช ืืจืืื ืืื ืื ืงืจื ืฉืื ื ืจ.
So what happened to Ishboshet? We do have an Ishbaal in ืืืจื ืืืืื, and Radak (and most other commentators) connect them:
ืืื ืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืื ืืื ืืฉืืฉื ืืื ืืืฆืืื ืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืคื ืฉืืืจื ืืขื ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช. ืืืืืจื ืืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืขื ืื ืืชืืืืช ืืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืขื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช.
Itโs interesting that names with ืืขื throughout ืชื ืดื turn into ืืฉืช in ืฉืืืื ื:
ืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืจืืขื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืื; ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืคืืช ืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืจื
ืืืฉืื ืืณ ืืช ืืจืืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืช ืืคืชื ืืืช ืฉืืืื; ืืืฆื ืืชืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืื ืืชืฉืื ืืืื
ืื ืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืื ืืจืืฉืช ืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืืืื ืขืืื ืคืื ืจืื ืืขื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืชืืฅ ืืื ื ืืฉืชื ืื ืืืืื; ืืืืจืช ืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืชื
ืืืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืื ืจืืืื; ืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืจืขืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืื ืชื ืืชื ืก ืืืื ืืืคืื ืื ืืก ืืืคื ืืืคืกื ืืฉืื ืืคืืืฉืชื
ืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืจืื ืืขื; ืืืจืื ืืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืื
Rashi presumes that the change is intentional; ืืฉืช means โshameโ; specifically the shame of idolatry:
ืื ืืกืคืจ ืขืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื; ืืืกืคืจ ืืฆืืช ืืจืืฉืื ืฉืืชื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืช ืืืืืืช ืืงืืจ ืืืขืื
ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืช ืืคื ืฉืืขื ืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉืช ืืณ ืื ืื.
โฆ
ืืดืจ ืืฆืืง ืืจ ืฉืืืื ืื ืจืืื ื ืืฉืขื ืฉืขืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืช ืืืขื ื ืงืจื ืืืขื ืฉื ืืืฉืช ืืืชืื ืืงืืจ ืืืืฉืช ืืงืืจ ืืืขื (ืืจืืื ืื) ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืฉืช .
So evidently in times when Baal-worship was not a problem, the names with ืืขื were common (it was the name of Saulโs great-uncle). It just means โmasterโ. ืืฉืืขื maybe means โhe-manโ; wishful thinking for a son who never went to battle and was easily manipulated when he came to power.
This past summer (2015), Israeli archeologists found a jar with the name ืืฉืืขื, from about the time of David.

The text points out that David ruled for 7.5 years, while Ishboshet only ruled for 2 years. How do we understand the chronology?
โฆืืฉืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืขื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืืืฆื, ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืฉืช, ืืืฆื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืชืชื ืืืืืืช ืืื, ืฉืืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืชืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืฉืืข ืฉื ืื ืืฉืฉื ืืืฉืื ืฆื ืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืชืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช, ืืชื ืื ืืกืืจ ืขืืืโฆื ืืฆืืช ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื, ืืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื.
Many commentators (including the ืืฆืืืช and ืืขืช ืืงืจื) say that ืืืฉ ืืฉืช gradually extended his reign, and the ืฉืชืื ืฉื ืื refers only to ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื:
ืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืงืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื, ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืชืจืช, ืื ืืชืืื ืงืฆืช ืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขื, ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืื ืื ืืืฉืืจื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืืืกืืฃ ืื ืื ืืืจืขืื, ืืขืื ืืขื ืื ืขื ืืคืจืื, ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืืื, ืืืืจ ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื.
ืืืืจ ืื ืืืจ (ืคืกืืง ื) ืื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืืณ ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื, ืฉืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื, ืืฉืชืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื, ื ืืฆื ืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืื ืืืืขื ืขื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืืฆื, ืืืฉืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืชืื.
The Ralbag understands the two years not as the length of his reign, but as the time until the next story happened (similar to his interpretation of Saulโs (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื)โ ืื ืฉื ื ืฉืืื ืืืืื; ืืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื):
ืืืืื ืืขืื ื ืฉืืืจื ืืฉืชืื ืฉื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืืจ ืฉืื ืฉืกืคืจ ืืืจ ืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื
But I find that unconvincing, and the idea that a weakling like Ishboshet was increasing his power is also unlikely. I prefer Tosphotโs understanding, based on the Gemara:
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื: ืืคื ื ืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืื ืจ?โฆืืืจ ืจื ื ืืื (ืืจืื) [ืืจ] ืืฆืืง: ืฉืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืืช ืืื ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืืืฆื.
ืคืืณ ืืงืื ืืจืก ืฉืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืชืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช, ืืณ ืฉื ืื ืืืืฆื ืืืื ื ืฉืชื ืฉื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืืฆื ืืื ืืืชืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืืืืช ืืื. ืืื ื ืืืจื; ืืื, ืืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืขื ืืืชื ืืฆื ืฉื ื ืืืื ืืืชืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืชืชื ืืืจ ืืื ืจ ืื ืชืืืฅ ืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื) ืืืฉืื ืืื ืจ ืืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืณ. ืืขืื, ืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืดื ืืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืื ืจ ืืื ืฉื ืชืืืง ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช? ืื ืจืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืืืชื ืืฆื ืฉื ื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืชืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช. ืืืืืชื ืืืืื ื ืชืืืง ืืื ืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืขื ืฉืืืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืืืชื ืืฆื ืฉื ื. ืืืฉืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช ืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืื. ื ืืฆืื ืืณ ืฉื ืื ืืืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืชืื.
We will soon get to the tragic end of Ishboshetโs kingdom. But first we have to learn about its tragic beginningโฆ