After the political maneuvering of the previous story, we see Davidโs and Ish Boshetโs chiefs of staff meeting:
ืื ืืืฆื ืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืืขืืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืื
ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืคืืฉืื ืขื ืืจืืช ืืืขืื ืืืื; ืืืฉืื ืืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืจ ืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ื ื ืื ืขืจืื ืืืฉืืงื ืืคื ืื ื; ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืงืืื
ืื ืืืงืื ืืืขืืจื ืืืกืคืจ ืฉื ืื ืขืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืื ืขืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืงื ืืืฉ ืืจืืฉ ืจืขืื ืืืจืื ืืฆื ืจืขืื ืืืคืื ืืืื; ืืืงืจื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืืงืช ืืฆืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืขืืื
ืื ืืชืื ืืืืืื ืงืฉื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื; ืืื ืืฃ ืืื ืจ ืืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืคื ื ืขืืื ืืืื
The question is ,what was their intention? Radak (and ืืขืช ืืงืจื) feel they went out to fight:
ืื ืจืื ืื ืืขืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืขืื ืืจืื ืื ืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืจ ืืงืืื ื ื ืื ืขืจืื ืืืฉืืงื ืืคื ืื ื.
But most commentators feel that this was a peaceful mission; they came together to negotiate:
ืืืคืืฉืื ืืืงืจื. ืืืฉืื ืฉืืช ืืืื ืื ืืื.
This explains why they meet in ืืืขืื specifically: it is neutral territory, the place of the ืืฉืื:
ืืืฉืื ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืฉื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืขืช ืืืื; ืืืื ืืืืขืืื
And meeting around the ืืจืื doesnโt sound like a war. The ืืจืื is not a large body of water suitable for strategic positioning; itโs a water fountain:
ืืื ืืงืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืกืื ืืฉื ืืชืื ืกืื ืืืื.
Itโs the place you talk, not fight:
scuttlebutt (n.)
1805, โcask of drinking water kept on a shipโs deck, having a hole (scuttle) cut in it for a cup or dipper,โ from scuttle โopening in a shipโs deckโ + butt โbarrel.โ Earlier scuttle cask (1777). Meaning โrumor, gossipโ first recorded 1901, originally nautical slang, traditionally said to be from the sailors' custom of gathering around the scuttlebutt to gossip. Compare water-cooler, figurative for โworkplace gossipโ mid-20c.
Note also that ืืฆืื is in the perfect; ืืืื โhad gone outโ to ืืืขืื simultaneously with ืืื ืจ. Itโs hard to see this as unplanned.
And then they have a โgameโ, 12 men on a side.
ืืจื ืฉืืืง ืืชืืจื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืจืืืชืืื ืื ืจืื ืื ืืืข ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืจ.
Yigal Yadin claimed that this was an example of a ืงืจื ืืื ืืื, a contest of champions to avoid an all-out war (like the battle of David and Goliath). He claims this was a common means of deciding battles in the Bronze Age (and cites one tablet from Tel Halaf in Syria). I am unconvinced that this fits our text, which doesnโt mention anything about the purpose of the contest.
I think this was purely a tragedy: a way for the opposing sides to let off steam as they negotiated a peace, that went horribly wrong:
ืชืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืชื ืืืืื ืืืจืืืช, ืจืง ืืืืืงื ืืืฉ ืืจืืฉ ืจืขืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืงืื ืืื, ืืืื ื ืฆืื ืฉืชืงืขื ืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืฆื ืจืขืื ืขื ืฉื ืคืื ืืืืื.
This reminds me of the final battle in Morte dโArthur, when Arthur and Mordred as trying to arrange a cease-fire:
THEN were they condescended that King Arthur and Sir Mordred should meet betwixt both their hosts and everych of them should bring fourteen persons; and they came with this word unto Arthurื Then said he; I am glad that this is done; and so he went into the fieldื And when Arthur should depart he warned all his host that an they see any sword drawn; Look ye come on fiercely and slay that traitor Sir Mordred for I in no wise trust him. In like wise Sir Mordred warned his host that: An ye see any sword drawn, look that ye come on fiercely, and so slay all that ever before you standeth; for in no wise I will not trust for this treaty, for I know well my father will be avenged on me. And so they met as their appointment was, and so they were agreed and accorded thoroughly; and wine was fetched, and they drank. Right soon came an adder out of a little heath bush, and it stung a knight on the foot. And when the knight felt him stung, he looked down and saw the adder, and then he drew his sword to slay the adder, and thought of none other harm. And when the host on both parties saw that sword drawn, then they blew beams, trumpets, and horns, and shouted grimly. And so both hosts dressed them together.
The tragedy is palpable. A war no one wanted (except the Philistines) becomes inevitable.
ืืืคื ื ืื ื ืขื ืฉ ืืื ืจ, ืืคื ื ืฉืขืฉื ืืื ืฉื ื ืขืจืื ืฉืืืง.
ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืดื, ืืื ืื ืืืงืื ืฉื ืคืื ืืืื ืื ื ืชืืจืจ ืื ืื ืืฆื, ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืืชื ืืืืื ืงืฉื.
And things get worse: it becomes personal:
ืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืฉื ืื ื ืฆืจืืื ืืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืขืฉืืื; ืืขืฉืืื ืงื ืืจืืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืจืืฃ ืขืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืจ; ืืื ื ืื ืืืืช ืขื ืืืืื ืืขื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืจื
ื ืืืคื ืืื ืจ ืืืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืืชื ืื ืขืฉืืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืจ ื ืื ืื ืขื ืืืื ื ืื ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืงื ืื ืืช ืืืฆืชื; ืืื ืืื ืขืฉืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืืจืืื
ืื ืืืกืฃ ืขืื ืืื ืจ ืืืืจ ืื ืขืฉืืื ืกืืจ ืื ืืืืจื; ืืื ืืืื ืืจืฆื ืืืื ืืฉื ืคื ื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ืืช ืื ืืืืฉ ืืชืฆื ืืื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืคื ืฉื ืืืืช ืชืืชื; ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ื ืคื ืฉื ืขืฉืืื ืืืืช ืืืขืืืื
We havenโt met ืขืฉืืื yet, but his brothers are among Davidโs men-at-arms:
ืื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืขื ืืฉืืฉืื ืื ื ืชื ืื ืืจืืืขื ืจืื ืืืืืฉืื ืื ืืฆื ืืฉืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืชืืื ืฆืจืืื ืืืืืืื; ืืื ื ืฆืจืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืขืฉืืื ืฉืืฉืื
ื ืืืงื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืช ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืฉืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืฉืจ ืฆืืื; ืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืขืื ืืืขื ืื ืื ืกืืืืชืื
ื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืจื ืืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ื; ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉื ืื ื ืืจื ืขืืื
ื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉื ืื ืืขื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืฉื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืชื ืืขืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืจืืฉืชื; ืืืื ืจ ืืืขื ืฉืืืื ืกืืืืชืื
ืขืฉืืื takes off after Avner single-handedly, not thinking about what would happen when he caught him:
ืกืคืจ ืื ืื ืืื ืืงืืืชื ืืจืืืฃ ืืืจื ืืื ืจ ืื ืฉืื ืขืฉื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื (ืงืืืช ื:ืื) ืื ืื ืืงืืื ืืืจืืฅ.
Well-known case in point about the dangers of just running after your enemies.
Avner strikes him with the back end of his spear in the ืืืฉ.
The back end of a spear, while not a weapon, is not something to mess with:
ืืืืจื ืืื ืืช: ืืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืขืฉืื ืืชืงืืข ืืืจืฅ
At the bottom of the spear was a bronze buttspike (sauroter or โlizard stickerโ) c. 9 to 18 inches long, typically with a tubular socket and a tapered square-section spike. This was approximately twice as heavy as the spearhead to serve as a counterbalance. It can also serve to stick the spear upright in the ground, but there is little evidence that it was meant to be used as a weapon.
What is a ืืืฉ?
The Koren translates it as โbellyโ. Thatโs not bad, but we need to see where it comes from. The term comes up frequently in ืฉืืืื ื, always as the place where people are stabbed and killed. The King James Bible translates it as:
smote him under the fifth rib
But note the italics; thatโs how the King James indicates an interpolated word that isnโt present in the original. It does have support from some Hebrew commentators:
ืื ืฆืืข ืืืืืฉืืช, ืฉืืื ืขื ืืื
But as we will see, itโs probably not what it means.
Rav Bazak translates ืืืฉ as โgroinโ. Thatโs from the targum:
ืืกืืจ ืืจืืื
But that isnโt usually a fatal blow, and it doesnโt fit the text later. Translating is as โbellyโ comes from the talmud:
ืืืดืจ ืืืื ื
ืืืืคื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืงืื ืฉืืจื ืืืื ืชืืืืื ืื
Why it is called the โืืืคื ืืืืฉืืชโ is unclear. My hypothesis is that it is military jargon: when training to use a sword and spear, you have to be able to describe all the right places to kill people. This was the fifth one. Rashi is the link to our โfifth ribโ translation:
ืืืืคื ืืืืฉืืช ืื ืื ืฆืืข ืืืืฉื
But thatโs clearly wrong: the 5th rib is overlying the heart, as ืืฆืืืช says, not the liver. I think the answer is that Rashi is counting the other way. His fifth rib is what we would call the eighth rib, just over the liver and gallbladder. I would propose that ืืฆืืืช had his anatomy wrong.
ืืขืช ืืงืจื points out a possible Akkadian cognate: emลกu means abdomen. And thatโs the only meaning thatโs consistent with the use of ืืืฉ later on:
ืืขืืฉื ืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืืจื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืฉืคื ืืขืื ืืจืฆื ืืื ืฉื ื ืื ืืืืช; ืืืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืืื ืจืืฃ ืืืจื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจืื
ืื ืืืจืืคื ืืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืืจื ืืื ืจ; ืืืฉืืฉ ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืขืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื ื ืืื ืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืขืืื
ืื ืืืชืงืืฆื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืจ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืช; ืืืขืืื ืขื ืจืืฉ ืืืขื ืืืชื
ืื ืืืงืจื ืืื ืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฆื ืชืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืืขืชื ืื ืืจื ืชืืื ืืืืจืื ื; ืืขื ืืชื ืื ืชืืืจ ืืขื ืืฉืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืงืื ืื ืืืื ืืืจืช; ืื ืื ืืืืงืจ ื ืขืื ืืขื ืืืฉ ืืืืจื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืชืงืข ืืืื ืืฉืืคืจ ืืืขืืื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืจืืคื ืขืื ืืืจื ืืฉืจืื; ืืื ืืกืคื ืขืื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืขืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื; ืืืขืืจื ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื
ื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืจื ืืื ืจ ืืืงืืฅ ืืช ืื ืืขื; ืืืคืงืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืชืฉืขื ืขืฉืจ ืืืฉ ืืขืฉืืืื
ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืจ; ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืืฉืฉืื ืืืฉ ืืชืื
ืื ืืืฉืื ืืช ืขืฉืืื ืืืงืืจืื ืืงืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืช ืืื; ืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจืืื
ืืื ืจ manages to talk his way out of the battle.
ืืืื says โืืืื ืืืจืช; ืื ืื ืืืืงืจ ื ืขืื ืืขืโ. As the JPS translation says โMeaning of Heb. uncertainโ. They translate it as โIf you hadnโt spoken up, the troops would have given up the pursuit of their kinsmen only the next morning.โ In other words, ืืืื is saying, โThank G-d you spoke up, ืืื ืจ. Otherwise we would still be fightingโ. But that is inconsistent with ืืืื's behavior: he bears a grudge against ืืื ืจ afterward, and ืืืื generally has the sense of โIf onlyโโโI wish you hadnโt spoken upโ. Most commentators read it that way:
ืืฉืื ืื, ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืชืืืชื ืืจืื, ืจืง ืืชื. ืืืืื ืืืจืช (ืืงืืื ื ื ืื ืขืจืื ืืืฉืืงื ืืคื ืื ื), ืืื ืขืื ืืืืงืจ ื ืขืื ืืืฉ ืืขื ืืืื; ืฉืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืจืื ืืื.
ืืืื blows a ืชืงืขืื, which has a specific meaning:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื
ื ืขืฉื ืื ืฉืชื ืืฆืืฆืจืช ืืกืฃ ืืงืฉื ืชืขืฉื ืืชื; ืืืื ืื ืืืงืจื ืืขืื ืืืืกืข ืืช ืืืื ืืชื
ื ืืชืงืขื ืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืคืชื ืืื ืืืขืื
โฆื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืฆืื ืขื ืืฆืจ ืืฆืจืจ ืืชืื ืืืจืขืชื ืืืฆืฆืจืช; ืื ืืืจืชื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืืงืืื ืื ืืฉืขืชื ืืืืืืืื
A ืชืจืืขื is an alarm. In this context, the ืชืงืขืื means โstand downโ.
ืื ืืืงืจืื ืื ืืฉื ืืคืงืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืคื ืืฆืื ืฉืจื ืืืืคืื ืืฉืจื ืืืืืชื
ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืฉื ืขืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืช ืจืืฉ ืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ื; ืืื ื ืคืงื ืืื ื ืืืฉื
The text notes how Davidโs men โwonโ, and hints at the future of this civil war:
ืฉื ื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืขืืืื ืืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืืื ื ืกืคืจืืชืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื; ืืกืืคื ืฉื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืคื ืืืืขืื ืื ืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืืืจืื ืื ืืื, ืฉืฉืืฉื ืืชืืืื ืื ืขืชื ืืืคืฆืืข.
ืืชืื ืืืืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืืืืง ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื
This is why I this story taking place at the start of Davidโs 7-year reign. We dealt last time with the question of chronology: was Ish Boshetโs 2-year reign at the beginning or the end of Davidโs. This implies that there was yet ืืืืื ืืจืื and that it would be not just with Ish Boshet but with ืืืช ืฉืืื, even after his assassination. Ish Boshet will rule for 2 more years, then it will take David 5 years to solidify his rule over all Israel.