ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: All Fun and Games

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

After the political maneuvering of the previous story, we see Davidโ€™s and Ish Boshetโ€™s chiefs of staff meeting:

ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื—ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ืขื•ื ื”ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื™ืคื’ืฉื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ื•; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื–ื” ื•ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื–ื”ืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื ื ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื™ืงืžื•ืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืงืžื• ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืœืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ื—ื–ืงื• ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืจืขื”ื• ื•ื—ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืจืขื”ื• ื•ื™ืคืœื• ื™ื—ื“ื•; ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸืƒ ื™ื– ื•ืชื”ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืขื“ ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื; ื•ื™ื ื’ืฃ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘

The question is ,what was their intention? Radak (and ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื) feel they went out to fight:

ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืœื—ื ืขืžื ื•ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื•ื—ื“ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื ื ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื™ื‘

But most commentators feel that this was a peaceful mission; they came together to negotiate:

ื•ื™ืคื’ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘:ื™ื’

This explains why they meet in ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ specifically: it is neutral territory, the place of the ืžืฉื›ืŸ:

ื•ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื; ื‘ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื:ื›ื˜

And meeting around the ื‘ืจื›ื” doesnโ€™t sound like a war. The ื‘ืจื›ื” is not a large body of water suitable for strategic positioning; itโ€™s a water fountain:

ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ

ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื”ืžื™ื.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื™ื’

Itโ€™s the place you talk, not fight:

scuttlebutt (n.)

1805, โ€œcask of drinking water kept on a shipโ€™s deck, having a hole (scuttle) cut in it for a cup or dipper,โ€ from scuttle โ€œopening in a shipโ€™s deckโ€ + butt โ€œbarrel.โ€ Earlier scuttle cask (1777). Meaning โ€œrumor, gossipโ€ first recorded 1901, originally nautical slang, traditionally said to be from the sailors' custom of gathering around the scuttlebutt to gossip. Compare water-cooler, figurative for โ€œworkplace gossipโ€ mid-20c.

Online Etymology Dictionary

Note also that ื™ืฆืื• is in the perfect; ื™ื•ืื‘ โ€had gone outโ€œ to ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ simultaneously with ืื‘ื ืจ. Itโ€™s hard to see this as unplanned.

And then they have a โ€œgameโ€, 12 men on a side.

ื“ืจืš ืฉื—ื•ืง ื™ืชื’ืจื• ืืœื” ืขื ืืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื™ ื™ื“ืข ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื™ื“

Yigal Yadin claimed that this was an example of a ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, a contest of champions to avoid an all-out war (like the battle of David and Goliath). He claims this was a common means of deciding battles in the Bronze Age (and cites one tablet from Tel Halaf in Syria). I am unconvinced that this fits our text, which doesnโ€™t mention anything about the purpose of the contest.

I think this was purely a tragedy: a way for the opposing sides to let off steam as they negotiated a peace, that went horribly wrong:

ืชื—ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื ืœืœื—ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืจืง ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืจืขื”ื• ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืฆืžื— ืฉืชืงืขื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืจืขื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉื ืคืœื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื˜ื–

This reminds me of the final battle in Morte dโ€™Arthur, when Arthur and Mordred as trying to arrange a cease-fire:

THEN were they condescended that King Arthur and Sir Mordred should meet betwixt both their hosts and everych of them should bring fourteen persons; and they came with this word unto Arthurืƒ Then said he; I am glad that this is done; and so he went into the fieldืƒ And when Arthur should depart he warned all his host that an they see any sword drawn; Look ye come on fiercely and slay that traitor Sir Mordred for I in no wise trust him. In like wise Sir Mordred warned his host that: An ye see any sword drawn, look that ye come on fiercely, and so slay all that ever before you standeth; for in no wise I will not trust for this treaty, for I know well my father will be avenged on me. And so they met as their appointment was, and so they were agreed and accorded thoroughly; and wine was fetched, and they drank. Right soon came an adder out of a little heath bush, and it stung a knight on the foot. And when the knight felt him stung, he looked down and saw the adder, and then he drew his sword to slay the adder, and thought of none other harm. And when the host on both parties saw that sword drawn, then they blew beams, trumpets, and horns, and shouted grimly. And so both hosts dressed them together.

Thomas Malory, Le Morte dโ€™Arthur , Book 21, chapter 4

The tragedy is palpable. A war no one wanted (except the Philistines) becomes inevitable.

ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ื ืขื ืฉ ืื‘ื ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื“ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืง.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜

ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืดื“, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืžื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆื—, ืœื›ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ืงืฉื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื™ื–

And things get worse: it becomes personal:

ื™ื— ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉืœืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืขืฉื”ืืœ; ื•ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืงืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื”ืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืจื“ืฃ ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ; ื•ืœื ื ื˜ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžืื•ืœ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจืƒ ื› ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื‘ื ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืืชื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื”ืืœ; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื ื›ื™ืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื‘ื ืจ ื ื˜ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืš ืื• ืขืœ ืฉืžืืœืš ื•ืื—ื– ืœืš ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ืงื— ืœืš ืืช ื—ืœืฆืชื•; ื•ืœื ืื‘ื” ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืœืกื•ืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืืžืจ ืืœ ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืžืื—ืจื™; ืœืžื” ืื›ื›ื” ืืจืฆื” ื•ืื™ืš ืืฉื ืคื ื™ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืื—ื™ืšืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ื™ืžืืŸ ืœืกื•ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื”ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืชืฆื ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉื ื•ื™ืžืช ืชื—ืชื•; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื ืคืœ ืฉื ืขืฉื”ืืœ ื•ื™ืžืช ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘

We havenโ€™t met ืขืฉื”ืืœ yet, but his brothers are among Davidโ€™s men-at-arms:

ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขื– ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื™ืฉื™ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื‘ื›ืจื• ืืช ืืœื™ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืžืขื ื”ืฉืœืฉื™ืƒ ื™ื“ ื ืชื ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืƒ ื˜ื• ืืฆื ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ืื—ื™ืชื™ื”ื ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ; ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืื‘ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืฉืœืฉื”ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

ื” ื•ื™ืงื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื—ื ื” ืฉื ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืจื ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื›ื‘ ืฉื ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ืื•; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ื”ืขื ื—ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•ืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ืื—ื™ืžืœืš ื”ื—ืชื™ ื•ืืœ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืื—ื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืœืืžืจ ืžื™ ื™ืจื“ ืืชื™ ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ื”ืžื—ื ื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื ื™ ืืจื“ ืขืžืšืƒ ื– ื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืืœ ื”ืขื ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ื—ื ื™ืชื• ืžืขื•ื›ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืจืืฉืชื•; ื•ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื”ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื•

ืขืฉื”ืืœ takes off after Avner single-handedly, not thinking about what would happen when he caught him:

ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืงืœื•ืชื• ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืขืฉื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืงื”ืœืช ื˜:ื™ื) ื›ื™ ืœื ืœืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ.

ืจื“ืดืง ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื™ื—

Well-known case in point about the dangers of just running after your enemies.

Avner strikes him with the back end of his spear in the ื—ืžืฉ.

dory

The back end of a spear, while not a weapon, is not something to mess with:

ื‘ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช: ื‘ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื›ื’

At the bottom of the spear was a bronze buttspike (sauroter or โ€œlizard stickerโ€) c. 9 to 18 inches long, typically with a tubular socket and a tapered square-section spike. This was approximately twice as heavy as the spearhead to serve as a counterbalance. It can also serve to stick the spear upright in the ground, but there is little evidence that it was meant to be used as a weapon.

The Ancient Greek Hoplite

What is a ื—ืžืฉ?

The Koren translates it as โ€œbellyโ€. Thatโ€™s not bad, but we need to see where it comes from. The term comes up frequently in ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘, always as the place where people are stabbed and killed. The King James Bible translates it as:

smote him under the fifth rib

King James Bible, 2 Samuel 2:23

But note the italics; thatโ€™s how the King James indicates an interpolated word that isnโ€™t present in the original. It does have support from some Hebrew commentators:

ืืœ ืฆืœืข ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื›ื’, ื“ืดื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ

But as we will see, itโ€™s probably not what it means.

Rav Bazak translates ื—ืžืฉ as โ€œgroinโ€. Thatโ€™s from the targum:

ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ื™ืจื›ื™ื”

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื‘:ื›ื’

But that isnโ€™t usually a fatal blow, and it doesnโ€™t fit the text later. Translating is as โ€œbellyโ€ comes from the talmud:

ribcage liver in ribcage

ื•ืืดืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืจื” ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื˜,ื

Why it is called the โ€œื“ื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืชโ€ is unclear. My hypothesis is that it is military jargon: when training to use a sword and spear, you have to be able to describe all the right places to kill people. This was the fifth one. Rashi is the link to our โ€œfifth ribโ€ translation:

ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆืœืข ื—ืžื™ืฉื™

ืจืฉืดื™, ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื˜,ื

But thatโ€™s clearly wrong: the 5th rib is overlying the heart, as ืžืฆื•ื“ืช says, not the liver. I think the answer is that Rashi is counting the other way. His fifth rib is what we would call the eighth rib, just over the liver and gallbladder. I would propose that ืžืฆื•ื“ืช had his anatomy wrong.

ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื points out a possible Akkadian cognate: emลกu means abdomen. And thatโ€™s the only meaning thatโ€™s consistent with the use of ื—ืžืฉ later on:

ื•ืขืžืฉื ืœื ื ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืคืš ืžืขื™ื• ืืจืฆื” ื•ืœื ืฉื ื” ืœื• ื•ื™ืžืช; ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื—ื™ื• ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›:ื™

ื›ื“ ื•ื™ืจื“ืคื• ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ; ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืื” ื•ื”ืžื” ื‘ืื• ืขื“ ื’ื‘ืขืช ืืžื” ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื’ื™ื— ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืื’ื“ื” ืื—ืช; ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื’ื‘ืขื” ืื—ืชืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืœื ืฆื— ืชืื›ืœ ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืœื•ื ื™ื“ืขืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื”; ื•ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืœื ืชืืžืจ ืœืขื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื”ืืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื—ื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจืช; ื›ื™ ืื– ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ ื ืขืœื” ื”ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืƒ ื›ื— ื•ื™ืชืงืข ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ืœื ื™ืจื“ืคื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืœื ื™ืกืคื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืœื—ืืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื; ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืžื—ื ื™ืืƒ ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ืฉื‘ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื; ื•ื™ืคืงื“ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืชืฉืขื” ืขืฉืจ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืขืฉื”ืืœืƒ ืœื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื›ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืื‘ื ืจ; ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืƒ ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืื• ืืช ืขืฉื”ืืœ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ืงื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื; ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ื•ื™ืืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘

ืื‘ื ืจ manages to talk his way out of the battle.

ื™ื•ืื‘ says โ€œืœื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจืช; ื›ื™ ืื– ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ ื ืขืœื” ื”ืขืโ€. As the JPS translation says โ€œMeaning of Heb. uncertainโ€. They translate it as โ€œIf you hadnโ€™t spoken up, the troops would have given up the pursuit of their kinsmen only the next morning.โ€ In other words, ื™ื•ืื‘ is saying, โ€œThank G-d you spoke up, ืื‘ื ืจ. Otherwise we would still be fightingโ€. But that is inconsistent with ื™ื•ืื‘'s behavior: he bears a grudge against ืื‘ื ืจ afterward, and ืœื•ืœื generally has the sense of โ€œIf onlyโ€โ€”โ€I wish you hadnโ€™t spoken upโ€œ. Most commentators read it that way:

ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•, ื”ืœื ืœื ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ื‘, ืจืง ืืชื”. ื•ืœื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจืช (ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื ื ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื—ืงื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•), ื”ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ ื ืขืœื” ืื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ ืื—ื™ื•; ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื–

ื™ื•ืื‘ blows a ืชืงืขื™ื”, which has a specific meaning:

ื ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืœืืžืจืƒ ื‘ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืฉืชื™ ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžืงืฉื” ืชืขืฉื” ืืชื; ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ืœืžืงืจื ื”ืขื“ื” ื•ืœืžืกืข ืืช ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืชืƒ ื’ ื•ืชืงืขื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืืœื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื” ืืœ ืคืชื— ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ืƒ โ€ฆื˜ ื•ื›ื™ ืชื‘ืื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฆื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจ ื”ืฆืจืจ ืืชื›ื ื•ื”ืจืขืชื ื‘ื—ืฆืฆืจืช; ื•ื ื–ื›ืจืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืขืชื ืžืื™ื‘ื™ื›ืืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื™

A ืชืจื•ืขื” is an alarm. In this context, the ืชืงืขื™ื” means โ€œstand downโ€.

ืžื— ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ืืœ ืžืฉื” ื”ืคืงื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืจื™ ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ ื”ืžืื•ืชืƒ ืžื˜ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ื ืฉืื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•; ื•ืœื ื ืคืงื“ ืžืžื ื• ืื™ืฉืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ืœื

The text notes how Davidโ€™s men โ€œwonโ€, and hints at the future of this civil war:

ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื˜ื”ืƒ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื; ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ืืคืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืฉืžืฉื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืข.

ื”ืจื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง, ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ (ื‘)

ื•ืชื”ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืœืš ื•ื—ื–ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ืœื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’:ื

This is why I this story taking place at the start of Davidโ€™s 7-year reign. We dealt last time with the question of chronology: was Ish Boshetโ€™s 2-year reign at the beginning or the end of Davidโ€™s. This implies that there was yet ืžืœื—ืžื” ืืจื›ื” and that it would be not just with Ish Boshet but with ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ, even after his assassination. Ish Boshet will rule for 2 more years, then it will take David 5 years to solidify his rule over all Israel.