ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Once More Unto the Breach

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
In peace thereโ€™s nothing so becomes a man
As modest stillness and humility:
But when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favourโ€™d rage;

Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry the Fifth, Act 3, Scene 1

Security Detail

ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฆื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื ื™ื”ื ืœืฆื‘ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื›ื™ืฉ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื“ืข ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ืืชื™ ืชืฆื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืืชื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ืšืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ืื›ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืชื“ืข ืืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื›ื™ืฉ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžืจ ืœืจืืฉื™ ืืฉื™ืžืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื—

It certainly seems that there is a lot going unsaid in this conversation. The Malbim and Alshich have almost opposite interpretations of Achishโ€™s motivations here. Does he trust David or not? And what is David saying with โ€œืœื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืชื“ืขโ€?

ืจืดืœ ืœื ืชืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœ ืจืง ืชืฆื ืืชื™ (ื›ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืชื™ ืœืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืจื“ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ืœ ืžืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ืžืœื›ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื›ื ื•ื“ืข) .

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื

ืืš ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืคืŸ ืœื”ืชืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื‘ื”ืœื—ืžื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืžืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืœื›ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ื—ืคื•ืฅ ืœืจื™ื‘ ืขื ืื›ื™ืฉ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื ืžื›ืžืจ (ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื:ื›) ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืžืคืœืฉืชื™ื. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื•ืจืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืฉ, ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ื™ืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ื™ ืื ืชื›ืฃ ื‘ื ืกื•ืข ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ืืชื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื—ื ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืขืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื• ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš, ื•ืฉื™ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื ื’ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ืขื•ื– ืœืชืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืขืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืคืŸ ื™ื’ืœื” ืื–ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื›ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื•, ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ืชื“ืข, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ืฆืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืช ื ืกื•ืข ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืชื“ืข ืžืขืชื” ื›ื™ ืืชื™ ืชืฆื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื—ื ื”, ืืชื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ืš, ืฉืœื ืื™ืจื ืฉืชื’ืœื” ืื–ืŸ ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืชืš ืขืžื ื•.

ืืœืฉื™ืš, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื

Malbim feels that Achishโ€™s final comment, โ€œืฉืžืจ ืœืจืืฉื™ ืืฉื™ืžืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืโ€ means that he trusts David completely:

ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืœื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•, ืจืง ื‘ื”ืคืš, ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืœืจืืฉื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื• ื‘ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื‘

But Davidโ€™s comment, ืœื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืชื“ืข ืืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš, seems clearly to be meant to be ambiguous:

ื•ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื›ืืžืจื• ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ืš, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืื›ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื”, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืื›ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื”ื•, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื

ื’ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืช ื•ื™ืกืคื“ื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื•; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฅืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฆื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื; ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฅ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื‘ืขืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืจื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื; ื•ื™ืจื ื•ื™ื—ืจื“ ืœื‘ื• ืžืื“ืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืฉืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืณ ื•ืœื ืขื ื”ื• ื”ืณ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืžื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื—

ื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฆื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืกืคื“ื• ืœื• ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืจืžื”; ื•ื™ืงื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืจื“ ืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืืจืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ื

Radak understands ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื• as ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื•, as a way of disambiguating the name ืจืžื”, since every town seemed to have been named ืจืžื”:

ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืžืชื™ื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื• ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืจื•

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉื

But the Targum has a more poetic interpretation, that ืขื™ืจื• refers to ื•ื™ืกืคื“ื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื•ืกืคื“ื• ืขืœื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืชื™ื”

ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื’

And we will see an even deeper explanation from the Malbim.

Expiration and Inspiration

We donโ€™t have any explicit story of Saul eliminating the ืื‘ื•ืช and ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื, but it certainly goes with his devotion to the service of ื”ืณ and to Samuel. We know that Samuel led a campaign to remove idol worship from the land:

ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ืืชื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืณ ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืืช ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื ื›ืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื›ื ื•ื”ืขืฉืชืจื•ืช; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ืืœ ื”ืณ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื”ื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ืฆืœ ืืชื›ื ืžื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืกื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืขืฉืชืจืช; ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืณ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื–

We will see later why the elimination of ืื‘ื•ืช and ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื was left for Saul to accomplish. But what are ืื‘ื•ืช and ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื?

ืืœ ืชืคื ื• ืืœ ื”ืื‘ืช ื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื ืืœ ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื˜ืžืื” ื‘ื”ื; ืื ื™ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ืืƒ

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜:ืœื

ื™ ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืš ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืืฉ ืงืกื ืงืกืžื™ื ืžืขื•ื ืŸ ื•ืžื ื—ืฉ ื•ืžื›ืฉืฃืƒ ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ; ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื™ ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืืœ ื”ืžืชื™ืืƒ ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื”ืณ ื›ืœ ืขืฉื” ืืœื”; ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ืžื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ืžืคื ื™ืšืƒ ื™ื’ ืชืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืšืƒ ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืžืขื ื ื™ื ื•ืืœ ืงืกืžื™ื ื™ืฉืžืขื•; ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืšืƒ ื˜ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ืš ืžืื—ื™ืš ื›ืžื ื™ ื™ืงื™ื ืœืš ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš; ืืœื™ื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืŸืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื—

ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชืฉืขื” ืฉืžื•ืช. ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืืฉ. ื”ื‘ืณ ืงื•ืกื ืงืกืžื™ื. ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืขื•ื ืŸ. ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ. ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžื›ืฉืฃ. ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ. ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ื‘. ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™. ื”ื˜ืณ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉื•ืฃโ€ฆื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืื ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื—

ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ื‘ ืื• ื™ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืื” ื ืกืงืœ; ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.

ื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื•ืื•ื—ื– ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืžื ื™ืคื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืืฆืœื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืžื• ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•.

ื’ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืช ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ืœื” ื•ืžื ื—ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื—ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืคืœ ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืƒ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžืขืฉื” ืื•ื‘ ื”ืŸ; ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื ืกืงืœ.

ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™โ€”ืžื ื™ื— ืขืฆื ืขื•ืฃ ืฉืฉืžื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืคื™ื• ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื ื›ืคื” ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื•, ืžื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ืŸ; ื•ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜:ืœื) ืืœ ืชืคื ื• ืืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™ื.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืคืจืง ื•

I Only Miss You When Youโ€™re Gone

Abarbanel explains the connection between Samuelโ€™s death and the rest of the perek:

ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขืœื™ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื’:ื)โ€Ž ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืฅ, ื”ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื—ืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืชืžืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœื• ืื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื• ื ืกืชืœืงื” ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื” ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื ืืฆืœ ืžืžื ื•.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื’

ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืณ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืืกืคื” ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงื ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ืฉื˜ืจื™ื•; ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื ืืœ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื”ืชื™ืฆื‘ื• ืฉื ืขืžืšืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ื•ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืžืš ืฉื ื•ืืฆืœืชื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ืš ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื; ื•ื ืฉืื• ืืชืš ื‘ืžืฉื ื”ืขื ื•ืœื ืชืฉื ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืšืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื™ื

ืืžืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืช, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืณ ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœื ืคื ื” ืœื–ื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืกื›ืœ ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื—ื™ ื”ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืกืชื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืกืงื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื•ื™ื—ืœื• ื”ืขื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื”ื•ื” ืื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื“ืขื•ื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืดื› ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื‘ืขืจื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ (ื•ืขื–ืดื ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื”ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื•, ืฉื”ื’ื ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืžืดืฉ ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื• ืžื•ืกื‘ ืขืœ ื•ื™ืกืคื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉืกืคื“ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื• ืžืฉืžืข ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฆื“ืง ื’ืดื› ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืกืชื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื—ื™, ื›ื™ ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืžื“ืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขื™ืจื•, ืœื ื ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ื›ื™ ืฉื ื—ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืฉืคืขื• ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ืขืดื™ ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืฉืคืข ืงื‘ืจื•ื”ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื”, ืจืดืœ ืฉืคืกืง ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื’ื ืฉื).

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื’

ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื’ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืช

ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžื˜:ื“

The second reason that Samuelโ€™s death is relevant is its effect on Saul:

ื‘ืจืื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื“ื• ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื• ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืงื• ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื• ื—ืจื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืžืื“ ื”ืชืื•ื” ืชืื•ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ืช ืืœื”.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื’

ื•ื™ืฉืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืณ ื•ืœื ืขื ื”ื• ื”ืณ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืžื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื—:ื•
ื‘ื—ืœืžื•ืช

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™; ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ืื›ื ื”ืณ ื‘ืžืจืื” ืืœื™ื• ืืชื•ื“ืข ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘:ื™

ื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื‘ืขืชื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงืจืืชื•; ื•ืชืฆืœื— ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื™ืชื ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืืƒ ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื• ืžืืชืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืฉื ื•ื™ืจืื• ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื ื ื‘ืื™ื ื ื‘ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืจืขื”ื• ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™

ื™ื’ ื•ื™ืงื— ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื™ืžืฉื— ืืชื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ืชืฆืœื— ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืขืœื”; ื•ื™ืงื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ืจืžืชื”ืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ืกืจื” ืžืขื ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื‘ืขืชืชื• ืจื•ื— ืจืขื” ืžืืช ื”ืณืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื•
ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื

ื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื— ืื‘ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืžืœืš ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืงืขื™ืœื”; ืืคื•ื“ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืƒ โ€ฆื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืข ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื—ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืจืขื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ืื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืืคื•ื“ืƒ

ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืข ืฉืžืข ืขื‘ื“ืš ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ืงืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉื—ืช ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ืƒ ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื’ืจื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ืจื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืข ืขื‘ื“ืš ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื’ื“ ื ื ืœืขื‘ื“ืš; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืณ ื™ืจื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื’
ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื

ืœื“ ื•ื™ืœืš ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžืชื”; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื’ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืœืƒ ืœื” ื•ืœื ื™ืกืฃ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื”ืณ ื ื—ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื•
There are two ื ื‘ืื™ื who are still extant: Gad and Avigail. And they are both with David.

So all the opportunities for Saul to hear ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ are now in the hands of David. Facing the united armies of the Philistines, Saul panics and hammers home the last nail in his own coffin.

In the Eye of the Beholder

Getting back to the necromancy, which will occupy us for the next few sessions, we have to ask: How are we to understand this? Is there such thing as necromancy? There are strongly held opinions both ways among the rabbinical authorities, and we will deal with this more in the next shiur. The most famous argument is between the Rambam and the Ramban:

ื™ื– ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืงืจ ื•ื›ื–ื‘ ื”ืŸ; ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื•ืœื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชืขืœื”; ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื—ืฉ ื‘ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ืงืกื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’ ื›ื’) ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืžืขื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ืืœ ืงื•ืกืžื™ื ื™ืฉืžืขื•; ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื— ื™ื“).

ื™ื—ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชืŸ ืฉืœืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืชืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื™ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืกืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ื‘ืœ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื ื˜ืฉื• ื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืณ ืืœื•ืงื™ืš (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื— ื™ื’).

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืคืจืง ื™ื

ื•ืขืชื” ื“ืข ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืคื™ื: ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืณ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื”ืŸ, ื ืชืŸ ื›ื— ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื–ืœื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ืื™ืฆื˜ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ืคืฉ ืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื ืžืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืขื“ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืโ€ฆื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืชืขืฉื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืงื˜ืจื” ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืข, ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื— ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืณ, ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื‘ื”ื ืžืื–, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš, ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืฉืคื™ื ื•ื›ื—ื, ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืคืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื”ืคืš ื”ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืœืคืžืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ื•ื ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื• ื•ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื•ืจืื•โ€ฆ

ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—:ื˜
We will continue this discussion next time.