David describes how he wakes before dawn to learn דבריך and אמרתך. There seems to be a difference between אמירה and דיבור in תנ״ך:
And sometimes the Torah uses both terms:
But there seems to be a contradiction in a later pasuk:
How can דיבור be both לשון קשה and לשון חיבה?
So ה׳‘s אמירה is רך, not so much because it is inherently softer, but because it is more distant. To be able to hear ה׳’s דיבור may be harsher, but it represents a much closer relationship.
Rabbi Simcha Bunim of Peshischa (an early chassidic master, cited in Praying with Fire 1) questions the punishment of the snake in גן עדן: (בראשית ג:יד) ויאמר ה׳ אלקים אל הנחש כי עשית זאת ארור אתה מכל הבהמה ומכל חית השדה; על גחנך תלך ועפר תאכל כל ימי חייך׃. What kind of punishment is this? Dust may not taste good but it is omnipresent; ה׳ is telling the snake that it will never go hungry, never have to look for food.
But having that lack forces us to look to ה׳, to daven, to establish a relationship with הקב״ה that we would not have if everything was easy. Giving your kids a credit card and never talking to them does not make for a healthy parent-child relationship. Telling the snake, “Go eat anything; I don’t want to hear from you” was in truth a terrible punishment.
How does that affect our understanding of Torah? There are two times that ה׳'s “voice” was “heard” in the world:
And they are understood to be parallel:
Rabbi Yechezkel Yaakovson, rosh yeshiva of Yeshivat Sha’alvim, connects the two via another עשרה: the עשרה מכות:
We’ve quoted Rav Hutner many times on this topic:
Efrayim Unterman cites Gerrit Cornelis Berkouwer, who distinguishes between ontic and noetic disclosures of G-d:
And the gemara picks up on the fact that David seems to be talking about two different times:
So there are two ways of understanding our psukim:
רבי זירא says נשף means “morning” and David would be awake, learning both דבריך and אמרתך, from midnight, only dozing before that, and רב אשי says נשף means “evening”, and David never really slept. From evening, he would learn דבריך, specifically דברי תורה, and from midnight (אשמרות) he would learn אמרתך, specifically שירות ותשבחות. (Or I might joke that they agree. David really wanted to say תהילים, the שירות ותשבחות, and at that time היה מתגבר כארי. During the time assigned to דברי תורה, he couldn’t pay attention and היה מתנמנם כסוס. But I won’t.)
So David wakes early to listen to ה׳'s voice, both to the more distant מאמרות and the closer, but harsher, דברות. He then continues on the theme of getting closer and further:
The רדפי זמה try to get close but they only get further away from תורתך, your Torah. We’ve interpreted David’s enemies in this perek as those who learn Torah but for the wrong reasons; learning Torah needs to be for the sake of becoming close to ה׳, not as an intellectual pursuit.
The only way to get close enough to hear G-d’s voice is to call out to Him: