ื ื ืืืจืืืช ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ืืฆื ืืงืจืืช ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืจ ืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืขืจ ืืื ืจ; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืจ ืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืชืื
ื ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื: ืฉืื ืืชื ืื ืื ืื ืืขืืื
ื ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืงื ืืชื ืืื ืจ ืืืืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื; ืืจืืฉ ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืืื
ื ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืขืจ; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืฉื ืืืช ืืืืืื
ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื
Name Recognition
It is very hard to understand how Saul could fail to recognize David since he had been a member of Saulโs entourage and was specifically hired at Saulโs request. The ืืคืจืฉืื have four basic ways of understanding this:
- ืืฆืืืืช takes this as a result of Saulโs ืจืื ืจืขื, his mental illness, that he could not remember David. But that does not explain why ืืื ืจ did not recognize him.
- ืจืืืดื and ืืืืืดื explain that Saul knew that David was his musician, but that now that he had promised his daughter to whoever vanquished Goliath, he needed to know Davidโs family.
- ืืืืืดื cites a kabbalistic explanation that after the ืจืื ืืณ came over David, he became a new person with โืืืจ ืืืงืโ and was unrecognizable as the same David that had gone out from the Israelite camp.
- Most ืืคืจืฉืื use some variation of the explanation of the gemara:
The question reflected Saulโs increasing paranoia. If David was a hero, well and good. But if David was truly from ืื ื ืคืจืฅ, then he was a threat to Saul himself. The gemara sees another hint of Doegโs treachery (which we already spoke of in the context of ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื) and another foreshadowing of the final break between Saul and David.ืืดืจ ืืืื ื ืืืืจ ืงืจื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืจืืืช ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืฆื ืืงืจืืช ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืจ ืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืขืจ ืืื ืจ ืืืืืจ ืืื ืจ ืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืชื ืืื ืืืข ืืื ืืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืงื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืข ืืื ืืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืงื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืชืืื ืจืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืก ืืืืืืืกื ืืืฆื ืืืืืืืกื ืืดืง ืฉืืื ืื ืืคืจืฅ ืืชื ืื ืืืจื ืืชื ืื ืืคืจืฅ ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืคืืจืฅ ืืขืฉืืช ืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืชื ืืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืดื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืฉืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื) ืืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืดื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืชื ืืฉืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืื ืื ืจืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืื ืืื ืืดื ืืงืืชื ืืจืืช ืืืืืืื ืืดื ืืื ืจ ืชื ืื ื ืขืืื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืขืชื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืจ ืืชืื ืืื ืืจ ืืฆืจื ืืื ืืฆืจืืช ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืคืจืฉ ืืขืื ืืงืจื (ืืืจืื ืื) ืขื ืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืืืฉ ืืงืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉื ืืฉื ืืงืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืื ืฉืื ืืงืจืืช ืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืงืจืืช ื ืฉืื ืืืฉืชืืง ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืื ืืชื ืื ืื ืื ืืขืื ืืชื ืงืจื ืืื ื ืขืจ ืืื ืงืจื ืืื ืขืื ืืื ืงื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืชืขืืื ืืื ืฆื ืืฉืื ืืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืื ืขืืื ื ืืื ืขืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืช
ืืืืืช ืขื,ื
ืื ืืคืจืฅ ืืชื ืื ืืืจื ืืชื
ืื ืืืื ืืขืช ืืืชื; ืืื ื ืชืืืืื ืืืื ืื
ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืชื ืื; ืืชืงื ืืืืืืช ืืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฆื ืจืืฉื ืื
ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืืื ืืชืืืจ ืื ืคืจืฆืช ืขืืื ืคืจืฅ; ืืืงืจื ืฉืื ืคืจืฅื
ื ืืืืจ ืืฆื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืืื ืืฉื ื; ืืืงืจื ืฉืื ืืจืื
ืืจืืฉืืช ืคืจืง ืื
ืื ืืืื ืชืืืืืช ืคืจืฅ ืคืจืฅ ืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืจืืื
ืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืช ืจื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืื
ื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืืื
ืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืขื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืขืืืื
ืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืื
ืจืืช ืคืจืง ื
ืืื ื ืืจื ืืืจื ืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืข ืืื ืืืฉืื
ืืืจื ืืืืื ื ื:ื
ื ืืืชื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ื ืืจืื ืืื; ืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืฉืคืช ืืืื
ื ืืชืจื ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืืืช ืื ืื ื ืงืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืฆืจืืื
ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืข ืื ื ืืืื; ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืกืืืื
ืืืืื ื ืคืจืง ื
ืื ื ืคืจืฅ were destined for kingship, while ืื ื ืืจื were known for wisdom (the Midrash interprets the names from ืืืืื homiletically, as historical characters, but the pshat is that these are the sons of ืืจื. The Targum renders ืืืืจืื as โthe son of Zerachโ). But what was their wisdom? ืจืฉืดื explains ืื ื ืืืื as ืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืกื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืืืช ืฉืืจ. As we see in ืชืืืืืโ, (ืคืจืง ืคื)โ ืืฉืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืจืื,โ (ืคืจืง ืคื)โ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื.
So it would have been entirely logical for David to have been a scion of ืืจื. But the battle with ืืืืช showed that he was much more.
ื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืคืฉ ืืืื ืชื ื ืงืฉืจื ืื ืคืฉ ืืื; ืืืืืื (ืืืืืืื) ืืืื ืชื ืื ืคืฉืื
ื ืืืงืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื; ืืื ื ืชื ื ืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืื
ื ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืชื ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืืืืชื ืืชื ืื ืคืฉืื
ื ืืืชืคืฉื ืืืื ืชื ืืช ืืืขืื ืืฉืจ ืขืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืืื; ืืืืื ืืขื ืืจืื ืืขื ืงืฉืชื ืืขื ืืืจืื
ื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืื; ืืืืื ืืขืื ื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืขืื ื ืขืืื ืฉืืืื
ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื
BFF
ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจโืืื ืืืจ, ืืืื ืืืื; ืืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ, ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืชืืจ; ืืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ, ืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืชื.
ืืฉื ื ืืืืช, ื:ืื
ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื, ืฉืืื ื ืืชืงืืื, ืืฉืืชืืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืกืื ืืืืชื ืืืื, ืื ืืืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืงืืื, ืืืื ืืืืช ืืฆืืืงืื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืฉื ืฉืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืกืื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื: ืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืชืืจ, ืืคื ื ืืคืื; ืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืชื, ืืืฉืืื ืจืฆืื ืงืื ื. ืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืืโ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืชื ืชืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ื:
ืืจืื ืืจื, ืฉื
ืืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืืฉื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืชืืืื
ืืืืจ, ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื. ืืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืื ืืื ืืืืช
ืฉืืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ? ืื ืืืืช ืืืขื ืืืืง. ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ? ืืืื
ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืืจืื ืืฆืืง ืืืขืงื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืงืืดื ืืืงืืดื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืช ืื ืืื ืืื ื
ืื ืืื ืขื ืกืืฃ ืื ืืืืจืืช.
ืชื ื ืืื ืืืืื, ืื
Irving Bunim, in Ethics From Sinai, cites Rabbi Joseph Yavetz, on the love of Jonathan and David. After Jonathanโs death, David laments (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ืื)โ ืฆืจ ืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืชื ื ืขืืช ืื ืืื; ื ืคืืืชื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืืืช ื ืฉืื. How was this love โmore wonderful than the love of womenโ? In marriage, (ืืจืืฉืืช ื:ืื)โ ืขื ืื ืืขืื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืื; ืืืืง ืืืฉืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื, but โhe does not abandon his own self, his hopes and aspirationsโ. But Jonathan loved David more than himself; (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืชืืจื ืื ืื ืชืืฆืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ื; ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืข ืื. This love was closer to the love of parents for children; the description here, ืื ืคืฉ ืืืื ืชื ื ืงืฉืจื ืื ืคืฉ ืืื, echoes that of Jacob and Benjamin (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื:ื)โ โฆืื ืคืฉื ืงืฉืืจื ืื ืคืฉื.
And so we come to the end of the introduction to David. Weโve seen his character, his faith in ืืณ, with hints to his impetuousness. Weโve seen how ืชืืืืืโ reflects his inner moods and the โtrueโ David. If this were a fairy tale, the story would end here (after marrying the princess, of course), with โAnd they lived happily ever afterโ. But ืชื ืดื is not a fairy tale, and things are about to get worse. Much worse.
ืืขืชื ืืกืคืจ, ืืื ืคืชืืื ืืืจ ืืฆืืืชื ืืกืื ืขื ื ื.
ืืืืืดื, ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื, ืืดื ืืืื ืืืืื