ืืืฆื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืื; ืืืืื ืืขืื ื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืขืื ื ืขืืื ืฉืืืื
ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื:ื
ืืฉืืื
[Rav Schwab discusses the ืืจืื of ืืชื ืืื ื]โ ืืฉืื means practical, applied wisdom. If one has wisdom in theory only but does not apply it to his practical life, behavior and character, this wisdom is not called ืืฉืื. โฆWe find (ืืืืฉืข ื:ื)โ ืืืขื ืชืฉืืื, which means, in accordance with the context there, that by the practical application of the mitzvos HaTorah, you will be successful in your endeavors.
โฆThere is a very telling use of the word ืืฉืื in the pasuk, (ืชืืืืื ื ื:ื)โ ืืืืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืงืืฃ ืขื ืื ื ืืื ืืจืืืช ืืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืืงืื. โฆWhat this means is that ืืงืืดื is seeking within mankind the combination of ืืฉืืื ืืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืืงืื, people to whom the search for G-d means the intelligent and practical application of the will of ืืงืืดื to any situation that may arise in their lives. There may be people who are ืืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืืงืื in that they daven frequently, learn Torah in depth, and may even be the source of chidushei Torah; yet they could still lack the element of ืืฉืืืโฆ
David is unique in that he combines the practical ืืฉืืื with the religious devotion that he demonstrates as the author of ืชืืืืืโ. Iโd like to look at the perek that Rav Schwab cites more closely, to see what it means to be a ืืฉืืื.
ื ืืื ืฆื ืืืื:
ืืืจ ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืงืื;
ืืฉืืืชื ืืชืขืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืขืฉืึพืืืื
ื ืืณ ืืฉืืื ืืฉืงืืฃ ืขื ืื ื ืืื;
ืืจืืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืงืืื
ื ืืื ืกืจ ืืืื ื ืืืื;
ืืื ืขืฉืึพืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื
ื ืืื ืืืขื ืื ืคืขืื ืืื;
ืืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืื; ืืณ ืื ืงืจืืื
ื ืฉื ืคืืื ืคืื;
ืื ืืืงืื ืืืืจ ืฆืืืงื
ื ืขืฆืช ืขื ื ืชืืืฉื ืื ืืณ ืืืกืืื
ื ืื ืืชื ืืฆืืื ืืฉืืขืช ืืฉืจืื;
ืืฉืื ืืณ ืฉืืืช ืขืื;
ืืื ืืขืงื ืืฉืื ืืฉืจืืื
ื ืืื ืฆื ืขื ืืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืื
ื ืืืจ ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืงืื;
ืืฉืืืชื ืืืชืขืืื ืขืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืืื
ื ืืืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืงืืฃ ืขื ืื ื ืืื:
ืืจืืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืงืืื
ื ืืื ืกื ืืืื ื ืืืื;
ืืื ืขืฉืึพืืื; ืืื ืื ืืืื
ื ืืื ืืืขื ืคืขืื ืืื;
ืืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืื; ืืืงืื ืื ืงืจืืื
ื ืฉื ืคืืื ืคืื ืื ืืื ืคืื;
ืื ืืืงืื ืคืืจ ืขืฆืืืช ืื ื;
ืืืฉืชื ืื ืืืงืื ืืืกืื
ื ืื ืืชื ืืฆืืื ืืฉืขืืช ืืฉืจืื;
ืืฉืื ืืืงืื ืฉืืืช ืขืื;
ืืื ืืขืงื ืืฉืื ืืฉืจืืื
These two perakim are almost identical. While there are other copies of specific ืชืืืืื in other books of Tanach, this is the only pair in ืชืืืืืโโ itself. They deal with the contrast between the ื ืื and the ืืฉืืื looking at the course of history, especially the times of ืืืืช ืืฉืจืืโ. ืืืดื see each as having a subtly different focus, and both were worth including in ืชืืืืืโ. ืคืจืง ืืดื uses ืืณ for G-d, alluding to His ืืืช ืืจืืืืโ; ืคืจืง ื ืดื uses ืืืงืื, alluding to His ืืืช ืืื.โ ืืืดื see the first as a ื ืืืื about the destruction of the first ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ and the second, about the destruction of the second. ืืืืืดื says the first was written by David about his own life, and the second was adapted and edited by ืืืงืืื about ืกื ืืจืื:
โฆืืจืืฉืื ืืืกื ืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืืื, ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ืฉื ืขืฉื ืืื ื ืก ืืืคืืช ืกื ืืจืื ืืฆืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืื ื, ืืชืงื ืืื ืืืืจื ืขื ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื, ืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืจืื ืืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืช ืืขืชืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืืื.
ืืืืืดื ืชืืืืืโ ื ื:ื ืืดื ืืื ืฆื ืขื ืืืืช
Now, this is a radical idea, that the ืชืืืืืโ we have today are not the final versions of David himself, but that they were redacted later. ืืืืืดื spells this out more explicitly on ืชืืืืื ืื:ืโ:โ ืืืืฉืจ ืื ื ืก ืกื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืงืื ืจืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืื ืขื ื ืก ืื, ืืชืงื ืืื ืขื ืืืกืคื ืงืฆืช ืืืืกืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืชืงื ื. We will use that approach to explain other perakim (like ืงืืดืโ, ืขื ื ืืจืืช ืืื).
What Fools These Mortals Be
The โbad guyโ here is not the ืจืฉืข but the ื ืื, a word that first appears in (ืืืจืื ืื:ื)โ ืขื ื ืื, ืืื ืืื.โ ืจืืืดื explains:
ืฉืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืข ืืฉืื ืจืฉืดืโฆืืืคื ืืขืชื ืืขืืฉื ืืืืช ืื ื ืืงืจื ื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืจืขื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืขืื ืืงืจื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืจ (ืืฉืขืืื ืื ื) ืื ืืงืจื ืขืื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืคืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืขื ื ืื ืืืจืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื ืื) ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืขืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืื ืื ืจืฆื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืืชืื ืืืืจืื ืฉื ืืืื (ืืืื ืื ื) ืืืืชื ืขืฉืืช ืขืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืช ืขื ืืขืฉื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืคื ืืื ืืจืข ืืื ืชืจืื ื ืืืโฆืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืชืื ืืืืช ืชืืืื ืืช ืืฉื ืขื ืืืืืืช ืฉืขืฉื ืขืืื ืขื ื ืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืจืขื ืชืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืช ืื ืื ืคืฉื ืืืื ืืจืขื ืืืืช ืื ืืงืโฆ
ืจืืืดื ืฉื, ืืดื ืขื ื ืื ืืื ืืื
A ื ืื is an ingrate, one who may know that G-d exists but does not acknowledge Him. The ืจืืืดื has a further aspect of the ื ืื:
โฆืืชืืจืช ืืื ืื (ืคืจืฉื ื ื) ืจืืืชื ืกืชื ืคืจืืฉืื ืชืืื ืืื ืฉื ื ืฉื (ืฉืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื ื) ืืืชืงืืฉืชื ืืืืืชื ืงืืืฉืื ืื ืงืืืฉ ืื ื ืืฉื ืฉืื ื ืงืืืฉ ืื ืืชื ืชืืื ืงืืืฉืื ืืฉื ืฉืื ื ืคืจืืฉ ืื ืืชื ืชืืื ืคืจืืฉืื ืืืคื ืืขืชื ืืื ืืคืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืืคืจืืฉ ืื ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืจื ืืจื ืืื ืืคืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืืืจืช ืืื ืืงืื ืืชืืืื ืฉืืขืืื ื ืงืจืืื ืคืจืืฉืื ืืืขื ืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืืจื ืืขืจืืืช ืืืืืืืื ืืืกืืจืื ืืืชืืจื ืืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืชื ืืืืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืดื ืืืฆื ืืขื ืืชืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืืฃ ืืืืช ืืฉืชื ืื ื ืฉืื ืืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืกืืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืืกืืจ ืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ื ืืืื โื ืื ืืจืฉืืช ืืชืืจืโ ืืคืืื ืื ืืืชืื ืืืจื ืฉืคืจื ืืืืกืืจืื ืฉืืกืจ ืืืชื ืืืืจื ืืฆืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืคืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืชืจืืชโฆ
ืจืืืดื ืืืงืจื ืื:ื ืืดื ืื ืื ืขืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื
The ื ืื ืืจืฉืืช ืืชืืจื is not ungrateful; he just doesnโt get the point: he obeys the letter of the law while violating its spirit. The ื ืื of our perek allows that ืืณ exists; he just says ืืื ืืืงืื, there is no Judge (note that even the perek that uses the name ืืณ, uses the term ืืืงืื here). Hirsch points out that ืขืฉืึพืืื is a noun phrase, a โdoer of goodโ (not just one who does good deeds). I would read ืืื ืขืฉืึพืืื as the statement of the ื ืื: no one really means to do good; even the ืฆืืืง just acts from self interest. ืืณ looks for the opposite of the ื ืื, the ืืฉืืื, who has the right faith (ืืจืฉ ืืช ืืืงืื) while also behaving correctly (Rav Schwabโs understanding of ืืฉืืื).
But there is none to be found; there really isnโt any ืขืฉืึพืืื.
Gratitude
The next pesukim address the ืคืขืื ืืื, but the meaning is unclear. Is David referring in the description of the fear and destruction to the enemies of the Jews or to the Jews themselves? I suspect the ambiguity is intentional; ืฉื ืคืืื ืคืื applies to all of the ื ืื.โ ืืืืืดื connects the phrase ืืืื ืืื; ืืณ ืื ืงืจืื to an interesting midrash (ืืืืืจ ืจืื ืงืจื ืื:ืื):
โฆ ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืชืงื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืืช, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืจืืืช ืืฉืื, ืฉืฉืืจืฉ ืืจืืืช ืืื ื ืกืชืขืฃ ืืืดืฉ ืืืืืช ืืฉืืขืช ืืืจืืช, ืฉืืืืืืื ืืืจื ืืช ืืณ ืขื ืืืืช ืืืื, ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืดื ืฉืฆืจืื ืืืจืื ืขื ืืืืชืื ืืืกืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืืืื, ืืืืฉืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืดื ื ืขื ืฉื ืขืดื, ืืคืฉืคืฉื ืืืขืฉืืื ืืชืงื ื ืืช ืืืืจโฆ
ืืืืืดื ืชืืืืืโ ืื:ื ืืดื ืืืื ืืื
Not expressing gratitude is enough to earn ืืณ's wrath. Each perek ends with a prayer that ืืณ redeem ืื ื ืืฉืจืื and then they will be able to express their joy and appreciation for ืืณ.