David has just gotten the news that his army has won, but no one will tell him explicitly what happened to Avshalom. All he knows is what the כושי told him (שמואל ב יח:לב): יהיו כנער איבי אדני המלך. But he realizes what they meant:
The gemara describes David’s thinking:
I think the gemara is making an intentional allusion to another moment of discovery, when a father realizes his beloved son is doomed:
At this moment, David sees the pit of Hell open under Avshalom. There is no bringing him back. Whatever vision David had for him is gone forever. Rav Bazak calls this “a dramatic elegy”:
But it’s not really that dramatic. David has composed some poetic elegies in his time:
It’s striking how undramatic this “קינה” is. I think the answer is related to a comment in the midrash:
But here it is the reverse: לא הוה קרא צריך למימר אלא ”מזמור לדוד“ ! Fundamentally, Achimatz is right. The outcome of the battle was a בשורה, good news. ה׳ did fight for David, performing miracles (ניסים נסתרים but ניסים nonetheless). David should have been singing שירה over his salvation. He can’t compose a קינה because he has no divine inspiration.
As Rav Elchanan Samet says (in the 2013 ימי עיון בתנך), his people put their lives on the line for him, and all they hear is a lament over their enemy,
especially David’s line about מי יתן מותי אני תחתיך.
They declare that their lives are less important than David’s, and David declares that his life is less important that Avshalom’s. The implication is that David would rather they all would have died, and Avshalom would still be alive.
And the text implies that Yoav was right in this case, to kill Avshalom against David’s command:
David is acting like a father, not like a king. At that is unforgiveable. The king needs to represent all of his people, not just his family.
And that is exactly how the people respond. David’s army returns to Machanayim flushed with victory, ready to sing שירה with the נעים זמירות ישראל, only to find him in a deep depression.
לאט comes from לוט, to cover:
But I think it also has the implication of לאט meaning “slow”:
David can’t think of his responsibilities. His love for his son overwhelms everything.
(Allusion to Game of Thrones from a shiur by Olivia Friedman)
And Yoav knows well how David feels:
So Yaov takes matters into his own hands to snap David out of it:
We’ve talked about one of the themes of שמואל ב: the king needs to be dedicated to his people, not to his family. Shlomo could only be David’s heir if he was ה׳'s son, not David’s:
And the crown of מלכות בית דוד was the crown of מולך, literally of the cult of child sacrifice:
We have discussed how this became the symbol of the figurative child sacrifice of מלך ישראל. Love is the death of duty.
The story of Avshalom and David’s reaction is an object lesson in the price a מלך must pay.
So David pulls himself back together.
Yoav insisted that David קום צא ודבר על לב עבדיך. David only does the צא part; he doesn’t talk to them. And so this civil war ends on an ambiguous note, right back at the phrase we saw in the previous perek: