Last time, we dealt with the assassination of Avner. Now we turn to the reaction in Israel:
ืืืฉืืข ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืจืคื ืืืื; ืืื ืืฉืจืื ื ืืืืื
Ish Boshet is paralyzed. That makes sense; he was completely dependent on Avner for his kingdom. But what does ืืฉืจืื ื ืืืื mean? Koren translates it as โterrifiedโ; Artscroll says โshockedโ. So too ืืฆืืืช:
ื ืืืื: ืืืืช ืืืขื ืฉืืื ืืื ืจ ืืืชื ืฉืื ืขื ืืื ืืืฉืฉื ืฉืขืืดื ื ืืจื ืืขืฆืชื ืืคืืื ืื ืคืฉื ืฉืื ืื ืงืื ืืืืื.
But I donโt think that โfearโ is the right emotion here. Weโve already seen that (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ืื)โ ืืืืขื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืืื; ืื ืื ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ. I think ืืืื means something different:
ืืฃ ืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืืช ืืื ืืืคืงืืชื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืืคืช ืืืช ืืงืืืช ืืืืืช ืขืื ืื ืืืืืืช ื ืคืฉ; ืืืจืขืชื ืืจืืง ืืจืขืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืื
ืืืื: ืฉืชืืืื ืืื ืชืืขื ืื ืชืขืฉื.
Itโs the sense of frantic movement when you have no idea what to do.
- We must do something
- This is something
- Therefore, we must do this.
The sentiment appears in ืชืืืืื:
ื ืื ื ื ืืณ ืื ืืืื ืื ื; ืจืคืื ื ืืณ ืื ื ืืืื ืขืฆืืื
ื ืื ืคืฉื ื ืืืื ืืื; ืืืช (ืืืชื) ืืณ ืขื ืืชืื
And this is how Malbim renders it:
ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื, ืืื ืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืืขืืื ืืืงืื ืืื ืจ ืืืฆืืื ืืช ืืขื .
The word is used similarly, in the sense of forced rushing around, in ืืืืืช ืืกืชืจ:
ืขืืื ืืืืจืื ืขืื ืืกืจืืกื ืืืื ืืืืขื; ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืฉืชื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืชื ืืกืชืจ
ืืจืฆืื ืจืืื ืืจืืฉ ืืืืฉืชืจื ืื ืืฆืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืคืื ืืืืจ ืืืื; ืืืืช ื ืชื ื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืืจืื
And in the general confusion, something terrible happens. The text itself is confusing, which may be a literary technique to give us the sense that no one knows whatโs going on:
ื ืืฉื ื ืื ืฉืื ืฉืจื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืฉื ื ืจืื ืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืจืชื ืืื ื ืื ืืื; ืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืชืืฉื ืขื ืื ืืืื
ื ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืชืื ืืชืืื; ืืืืื ืฉื ืืจืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื
ื ืืืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืื ืจืืืื; ืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืจืขืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืื ืชื ืืชื ืก ืืืื ืืืคืื ืื ืืก ืืืคื ืืืคืกื ืืฉืื ืืคืืืฉืชื
Why the apparently parenthetical comment about ืืืจืืช ืชืืฉื ืขื ืื ืืื, and what happened to the ืืืจืชืื?โ ืืขืช ืืงืจื says this comment is about the original, Canaanite, inhabitants of ืืืจืืช, which is mentioned only one other place in ืชื ืดื, as a city of ืื ืืื:
ืื ืืืื ืืขืจืื ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืคืืืชืืื; ืืจืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืขืืง ืงืฆืืฅื
ืื ืืืืช ืืขืจืื ืืฆืืจืื ืืืืช ืืื
ืื ืืืขืืื ืืืคืจื ืืขืคืจืื
ืื ืืืคืจ ืืขืื ื (ืืขืื ื) ืืืขืคื ื ืืืืข; ืขืจืื ืฉืชืื ืขืฉืจื ืืืฆืจืืืื
ืื ืืืขืื ืืืจืื ืืืืจืืชื
ืื ืืืืฆืคื ืืืืคืืจื ืืืืฆืื
ืื ืืจืงื ืืืจืคืื ืืชืจืืืื
ืื ืืฆืืข ืืืืฃ ืืืืืืกื ืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืขืช ืงืจืืช ืขืจืื ืืจืืข ืขืฉืจื ืืืฆืจืืื; ืืืช ื ืืืช ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืฉืคืืชืื
But why do we care where they went? ืืชืื itself is only mentioned once more, when ื ืืืื records the cities that the survivors of ืื ืืื came from:
ืื ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืืืฉ ืืขืื ืืืืช ืื ืืื ืชืืื
ืื ืขื ืชืืช ื ื ืขื ื ืืื
ืื ืืฆืืจ ืจืื ืืชืืื
ืื ืืืื ืฆืืขืื ื ืืืื
ืื ืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืืจืฉืืื
ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื
So it historically was not a Canaanite city but a Benjaminite one. So what does our pasuk mean? ืืฆืืืช hypothesizes that it wasnโt clear that the people of ืืืจืืช were from ืื ืืืื. But still, why do we care?
ืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืืืณ; ืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืฅ ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืืืืื
Malbim thinks that the ืืืจืชืื in ืคืกืืง ื who ran away are the brothers of ืคืกืืง ื; thereโs a back story that will only be slowly revealed.:
ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืืชืื ืืชืืื: ืฉืขืดื ืืขืฉื (ืฉืืกืืคืจ ืืคืกืืง ื) ืืจืื ืืืดื
Still, ืืืจืชืื seems to imply all the inhabitants. And why the line about ืืืจืืช ืชืืฉื ืขื ืื ืืื? I think Rashiโs interpretation makes the most sense:
ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืชืื: ืืฉืืช ืฉืืื ืฉืขืืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืขืจืื ืฉืกืืืืืช ืคืืฉืชืื ืืื ืฉืืืืจ ืืืขืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืจืืชืื.
The text is filling in a little of the backstory of what happened 2 years ago, when Saul fell and the Philistines reconquered Israel:
ืืืจืื ืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืขืืจ ืืขืืง ืืืฉืจ ืืขืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ื ืกื ืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืชื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื; ืืืขืืื ืืช ืืขืจืื ืืื ืกื ืืืืื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื
We werenโt given the details of what happened in ืื ืืืื but clearly the Philistines overran the area, as Avner ran off to ืืื ืื on the east side of the Jordan to re-establish the kingdom. Here we learn that ืืืจืืช was also among the cities of ืื ืืืื that were attacked, and the inhabitants ran off to ืืชืื (we donโt know where that is, unfortunately). And similarly, the only other remaining male decendant of Saul, ืืคืืืฉืช, was evacuated but injured. This will be relevant later on.
And what did these refugees do when they heard Avner was dead?
ื ืืืืื ืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืจืชื ืจืื ืืืขื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืช; ืืืื ืฉืื ืืช ืืฉืื ืืฆืืจืืื
ื ืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืชืื ืืืืช ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืฉ; ืืจืื ืืืขื ื ืืืื ื ืืืืื
ื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืกืืจื ืืช ืจืืฉื; ืืืงืื ืืช ืจืืฉื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืขืจืื ืื ืืืืืื
The sequence is very hard to follow. Malbim proposes that ืคืกืืง ื refers to an older crime (the Radak mentions a similar possibility):
ืจืดื ืืื ืืืจ ืขืฉื ืจืฆื ืืื ืฉืืขืืืจื ืืจืื ืื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืช, ืื ืขืื ืืืืืชื ืฉืจื ืืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืชืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืงืื ืืืื (ืืืช ืืืืืื ืืกืืืจ ืืืื) ืืืืืื (ืืช ืืขื ืืืืช) ืื ืืืืืฉ, ืืื ืืื ืืกืื ืฉืจืื ืืืขื ื ื ืืืื ืืืช (ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืคืกืืง ื)
But that seems farfetched, putting another murder in the story. It seems more probable that the brothers came and went twice:
ืืืืื ืืืืช: ื ืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืฉืืืืื ืืืฆืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืช ืืืกืืจ ืืช ืจืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืจืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืฆืื ืื ืืขืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ.
The Alshich explains this as an elaborate plan:
ืืืจื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืจ ืืฉืชื ืคืขืืื ืืืชืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืช, ืืฉืืจ ืฉืจื ืืืืืื ืื ื ืืืช, ืืจืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืขืื, ืืืจื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืืช ืืืื ืืฉื, ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืชื ืืขืืจ ืืืชืโฆืืืืจ ืืืช ืืื ืืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืื ืืชื ืืจืื ืืืืกื ืคื ืื, ืื ืื ืกื ืืชืืื ืช ืฉืืื ื ืฉืื ืืขืืืช ืืืื, ืืืืช ืืงื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืฆืจืืชืื, ืืื ื ืื ืกื ืขื ืชืื ืืืืช ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืชืืื:
ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืโฆืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืืืชื ืืืืืื, ืื ืืจืื ืืจืืฆืช ืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื, ืืื ื ืืืืช ืืฉืื ืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืชื, ืืืชืื ืฉืืื ืืจืืืช ืื ืงืช ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืืืืโฆืืืงืื ืืจืืืคืื ืืืงืฉ ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืจืื ืืคื ืืืฉืืชื, ื ืชืจืืงื ืืืืช ืืื ืฉื ืืืืช ืืจืืืฃ ืืืจื ืื ืฉืืโฆืืื ืืื ืคื ืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืชื ืขื ืฉืืช ืืืืกืืจ ืืช ืจืืฉื ืืืืืืืืโฆ
The ืืฉืืฆืืช ืืื explains it a little more simply, that initially they thought that if Ish Boshet were dead (and there were no survivors from Saulโs line to become king; thatโs why the text had to emphasize Mepiboshetโs disability) then David would not try to take revenge on Saulโs men. With no king, there would be no danger. So they assasinated Ish Boshet.
Later, they overthought the situation and felt that not only would they be safe if Ish Boshet were dead, but that they could actually profit if David knew that they had done the deed, so they went back to decapitate him.
ื ืืืืื ืืช ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื; ืืืชื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืงืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืขืื
ื ืืืขื ืืื ืืช ืจืื ืืืช ืืขื ื ืืืื ืื ื ืจืืื ืืืืจืชื ืืืืืจ ืืื; ืื ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืคืื ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืื ืฆืจืื
ื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืจืืื ืืฆืงืื ืืฉืจ ืืชืชื ืื ืืฉืจืื
ืื ืืฃ ืื ืื ืฉืื ืจืฉืขืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืฉ ืฆืืืง ืืืืชื ืขื ืืฉืืื; ืืขืชื ืืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืขืจืชื ืืชืื ืื ืืืจืฅื
ืื ืืืฆื ืืื ืืช ืื ืขืจืื ืืืืจืืื ืืืงืฆืฆื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืช ืจืืืืื ืืืชืื ืขื ืืืจืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืช ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืืงืื ืืืงืืจื ืืงืืจ ืืื ืจ ืืืืจืืื
David brings up what happened to the Amalekite lad:
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืขืจ ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืฉ ืืจ ืขืืืงื ืื ืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื; ืืื ืื ืืจืืช ืืฉืื ืืื ืืฉืืช ืืช ืืฉืื ืืณื
ืื ืืืงืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉ ืคืืข ืื; ืืืืื ืืืืชื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืืื (ืืื) ืขื ืจืืฉื; ืื ืคืื ืขื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืชืชื ืืช ืืฉืื ืืณื
Malbim points out that what David does with their bodies seems wrong:
ืืืงืฆืฆื: ืืช ืืืืื ืฉืขืฉื ืืืขืฉื, ืืืช ืจืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืช ืืื. ืืืชืื: ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืื, ืืื ืขืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืืจื
ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืฉืคื ืืืช ืืืืืช; ืืชืืืช ืืชื ืขื ืขืฅื
ืื ืื ืชืืื ื ืืืชื ืขื ืืขืฅ ืื ืงืืืจ ืชืงืืจื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืงืืืช ืืืงืื ืชืืื; ืืื ืชืืื ืืช ืืืืชื ืืฉืจ ืืณ ืืืืื ื ืชื ืื ื ืืืื
This is a specific ืืฆืื of ืืืจื ืืืืืืช:
ืื ืืืืจืืื ื ืคืฉืืช ืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืจืืจื, ืื ืืื ืืชืจืื, ืืคืืื ืืขื ืืื, ืื ืฉืื ื ืฉืืจื ืืฉืืืโืืฉ ืืืื ืจืฉืืช ืืืจืื ืืืชื, ืืืชืงื ืืขืืื ืืคื ืื ืฉืืฉืขื ืฆืจืืื. ืืืืจื ืจืืื ืืืื ืืื, ืืชืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืืืื ืืืื ืจืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืืฉืืืจ ืื ืจืฉืขื ืืขืืื.
##Vengeance is Mine, Saith the Lord
David emphasizes again his attitude towards his enemies. He does not need to take revenge; that is G-dโs job. Anything but a calm acceptance reflects a lack of faith. Avigail, the ื ืืืื, adjured him to not spill the blood of his enemies:
ืืขืชื ืืื ื ืื ืืณ ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืฉืจ ืื ืขื ืืณ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืื; ืืขืชื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืงืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืจืขืื
ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืก ืขืืื;
ืืชืื ืืืืฆืจืชืื ืื ืื ื ืงื ืืฉืื
ืืขืช ืชืืื ืจืืื;
This was Davidโs theme song (ืืืจื ืืฉืืจื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืฆืื ืืณ ืืชื ืืืฃ ืื ืืืืื ืืืืฃ ืฉืืื);
ืืึพื ืื ืชื ื ืงืืช ืื; ืืืจืื ืขืืื ืชืืชื ืื