ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: A Dish Best Served Cold

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

Now back to David and a story of betrayal, counter-betrayal and murder.

ื™ื– ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ; ื’ื ืชืžื•ืœ ื’ื ืฉืœืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื›ืืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืขืชื” ืขืฉื•; ื›ื™ ื”ืณ ืืžืจ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืช ืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ื”ืืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ; ื•ื™ืœืš ื’ื ืื‘ื ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

Remember that Avner had broken with Ish Boshet and declared that he would support David:

ื— ื•ื™ื—ืจ ืœืื‘ื ืจ ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉ ื›ืœื‘ ืื ื›ื™ ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ืš ืืœ ืื—ื™ื• ื•ืืœ ืžืจืขื”ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืชืš ื‘ื™ื“ ื“ื•ื“; ื•ืชืคืงื“ ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ืืƒ

ื˜ ื›ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืืœืงื™ื ืœืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื›ื” ื™ืกื™ืฃ ืœื•; ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืณ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืขืฉื” ืœื•ืƒ ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืกื ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื“ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืขืƒ ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืจืืชื• ืืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

But Avner only sent messengers to David secretly:

ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื‘ื ืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืชื—ืชื• ืœืืžืจ ืœืžื™ ืืจืฅ; ืœืืžืจ ื›ืจืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืชืš ืืชื™ ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžืš ืœื”ืกื‘ ืืœื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’:ื™ื‘

As far as Ish Boshet knew, Avner was still loyal (Ish Boshet had a bad case of denial). We donโ€™t have the details, but itโ€™s clear that Ish Boshet listened to Avner to return Michal, and even let Avner accompany her back to David:

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ; ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื—ื” ืžืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ืฉ (ืœื™ืฉ)ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

Here we see more details of what Avner did. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื™ื” means โ€œAvner had sent wordโ€, in the past perfect, before coming with Michal.

Avner is being very politic. Heโ€™s claiming that this (Davidโ€™s rule) is what the people have always wanted; it was only Avnerโ€™s support of Ish Boshet that kept them from expressing it. Now they could do what they really wanted to do.

The text says ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ. This is the first hint of the shift in ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ's loyalty. When the kingdom splits, ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ will stay with ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” despite the long war between Saul and David.

We have seen an undercurrent of loyalty to David during Saulโ€™s reign before this:

ื ื•ืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืœืฆื™ืงืœื’ ืขื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ; ื•ื”ืžื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขื–ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”ืƒ ื‘ ื ืฉืงื™ ืงืฉืช ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืืœื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืื—ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ืžืŸืƒ โ€ฆ

ื™ื– ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืฆื“ ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

But here the entire nation turns to David.


Now Avner comes to David (with Michal, presumably, though we donโ€™t see anything of her reunion with David).

ื› ื•ื™ื‘ื ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืชื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื; ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื ืจ ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ืžืฉืชื”ืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืืงื•ืžื” ื•ืืœื›ื” ื•ืืงื‘ืฆื” ืืœ ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืืชืš ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืžืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืื•ื” ื ืคืฉืš; ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

When David sends him back, it is with an omnious foreshadowing:

ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื‘ืื‘ื ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืณ ื’:ื›ื), ื”ืœืš ื•ืœื ื—ื–ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืชืจื• ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื, ื”ืœืš ื•ื—ื–ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืชืจื• ืœืžืฉื” ืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื—

G-d put me on this earth to accomplish a certain number of things. Right now I am so far behind that I will never die.

Bill Watterson, Calvin and Hobbes

ืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื has the sense of going on a mission, still having a purpose. ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื implies youโ€™re done. Avner had turned the loyalty of the kingdom of Israel to David, and his role in history was finished.


ื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ื ืžื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœืœ ืจื‘ ืขืžื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•; ื•ืื‘ื ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉืœื—ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ืืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ื‘ืื•; ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืœื™ื•ืื‘ ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื”ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ืืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ื ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื”; ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœื™ืš ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฉืœื—ืชื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ืœื•ืšืƒ ื›ื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืคืชืชืš ื‘ื; ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืžื•ืฆืืš ื•ืืช ืžื‘ื•ืืš (ืžื•ื‘ืืš) ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขืฉื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

Remember what happened 2 years before:

ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื—ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ืขื•ื ื”ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื™ืคื’ืฉื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ื•; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื–ื” ื•ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื–ื”ืƒ โ€ฆ ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืืžืจ ืืœ ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืžืื—ืจื™; ืœืžื” ืื›ื›ื” ืืจืฆื” ื•ืื™ืš ืืฉื ืคื ื™ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืื—ื™ืšืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ื™ืžืืŸ ืœืกื•ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื”ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืชืฆื ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉื ื•ื™ืžืช ืชื—ืชื•; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื ืคืœ ืฉื ืขืฉื”ืืœ ื•ื™ืžืช ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื•ืƒ โ€ฆ ื›ื• ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ื ืจ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืœื ืฆื— ืชืื›ืœ ื—ืจื‘ ื”ืœื•ื ื™ื“ืขืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื”; ื•ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืœื ืชืืžืจ ืœืขื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื”ืืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื—ื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืœื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจืช; ื›ื™ ืื– ืžื”ื‘ืงืจ ื ืขืœื” ื”ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืื—ืจื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘

Yoav still carried that grudge and he is furious at David for letting Avner go.

The ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ suggests (in a โ€œcuteโ€ ื“ืจืฉ) that ืขืฉื™ืชื” could be read as ืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธื”ึผ, with a ืžืคื™ืง-ื”ืณ, meaning โ€œacted for herโ€. Yoav accuses David of wanting Michal back so badly, he allowed a known spy into his kingdom.


Yoav will have his revenge:

ื›ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ื•ืื‘ ืžืขื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื• ืžื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื”; ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืื‘ื ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ื”ื• ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื™; ื•ื™ื›ื”ื• ืฉื ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ื ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืื—ื™ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื” is the name of a place, but ื—ื–ืดืœ saw it as a hint to Avnerโ€™s failure as an advisor to Saul:

ืžืื™ ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ืจื”? ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื”ื ื: ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืกื™ืจื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ ืฉื™ื”ืจื’.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื˜,ื

ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืกื™ืจื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ ืฉื ื”ืจื’: ื‘ื•ืจโ€”ืฆืคื—ืช ืžื™ื ืฉืœืงื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืจืืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืžื•ืช ืืชื ืฉืœื ืฉืžืจืชื ืืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ื›ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•, (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื•) ืจืื• ื ื ืื™ืคื•ื ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืื™ื” ืฆืคื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืณ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื•: ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ืš, ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื” ืืœื ืืžืจ: ืฉืžื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื ืชื ื ืœื•. ื•ืกื™ืจื”โ€”โ€ืงื•ืฅโ€œ, ื›ืฉื›ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื›ื ืฃ ืžืขื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ื—ืก ืขืœื™ืš ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ืš ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื• ื‘ืžืขืจื”, ื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœื ืืžืจ: ืฉืžื ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื ืืฆืœ ื”ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ืจื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืฃ ืžืขื™ืœืš ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื—ืชื›ื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉื

And the murder in ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืจ is significant:

ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืจ: ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ. ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื–ืดืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืืœ ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื˜ ืขืžื• ื‘ื“ื ืขืฉื”ืืœ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’:ื›ื–

Yoav felt that he was justified in killing Avner:

ืืดืœ ืžืดื˜ ืงื˜ืœืชื™ื” ืœืขืฉืืœ?
ืขืฉืืœ ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื”!
ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื•.
ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืœื™ ืœื™ื”.
ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื™ื”โ€”ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื ื™ื›ืœืช ืœื™ื”?

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื˜:ื

ื˜ ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืœืืžืจืƒ ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœื”ื; ื›ื™ ืืชื ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืืจืฆื” ื›ื ืขืŸืƒ ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืชื ืœื›ื ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื›ื; ื•ื ืก ืฉืžื” ืจืฆื— ืžื›ื” ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”ืƒ โ€ฆื˜ื– ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื• ื•ื™ืžืช ืจืฆื— ื”ื•ื; ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืžืช ื”ืจืฆื—ืƒ ื™ื– ื•ืื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื”ื• ื•ื™ืžืช ืจืฆื— ื”ื•ื; ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืžืช ื”ืจืฆื—ืƒ ื™ื— ืื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื”ื• ื•ื™ืžืช ืจืฆื— ื”ื•ื; ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืžืช ื”ืจืฆื—ืƒ ื™ื˜ ื’ืืœ ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืžื™ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฆื—; ื‘ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืชื ื•ืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ืœื”

But in a strictly legal sense Yoav was wrong. Even if he could justify being a ื’ืืœ ื”ื“ื, Chevron is a sanctuary city:

ื ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืืžืจืƒ ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžืจ; ืชื ื• ืœื›ื ืืช ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ืƒ โ€ฆื– ื•ื™ืงื“ืฉื• ืืช ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืจ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื•ืืช ืฉื›ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืืคืจื™ื; ื•ืืช ืงืจื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืƒ

ื™ื”ื•ืฉื•ืข ืคืจืง ื›

So however justified Yoav may feel, he is guilty of murder.


ื›ื— ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื“ื•ื“ ืžืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื ืงื™ ืื ื›ื™ ื•ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืžืขื ื”ืณ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจืƒ ื›ื˜ ื™ื—ืœื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื•; ื•ืืœ ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื–ื‘ ื•ืžืฆืจืข ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืคืœืš ื•ื ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ืืƒ ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืจื’ื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ; ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืื—ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

This has the makings of a political disaster for David. He wants to be king of all Israel, and now his chief of staff has murdered the popular second-in-command of Israel. David is forced to publicly declare his innocence, and dramatically curses Yoav and Avishai. The sentence ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ืื—ื™ื• ื”ืจื’ื• ืœืื‘ื ืจ; ืขืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ืขืฉื”ืืœ ืื—ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” is not redundant; itโ€™s part of Davidโ€™s declaration that they were not justified in the murder. Notably, however, he does not punish them. Weโ€™ll soon see why.


ืœื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ืงืจืขื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื›ื ื•ื—ื’ืจื• ืฉืงื™ื ื•ืกืคื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืื‘ื ืจ; ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืœืš ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื˜ื”ืƒ ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจื• ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ืฉื ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื•ื™ื‘ืš ืืœ ืงื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื›ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

This is the extent of Yoavโ€™s punishment: he has to publicly mourn Avner, basically showing his remorse (or at least acting it out).

ืœื’ ื•ื™ืงื ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืื‘ื ืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ; ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื‘ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื ืจืƒ ืœื“ ื™ื“ืš ืœื ืืกืจื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืœื™ืš ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉืชื™ื ื”ื’ืฉื• ื›ื ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื ืคืœืช; ื•ื™ืกืคื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ืƒ ืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืœื”ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืœื—ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืข ื“ื•ื“ ืœืืžืจ ื›ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืื˜ืขื ืœื—ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืื•ืžื”ืƒ ืœื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ืƒ ืœื– ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื; ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

David is very public with his mourning. He accuses Yoav of murder, he makes Yoav lead the burial, he eulogizes Avner in terms that parallel his eulogy for Saul and Jonathan:

ื›ื’ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขื™ืžื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื ืœื ื ืคืจื“ื•; ืžื ืฉืจื™ื ืงืœื• ืžืืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื•ืƒ โ€ฆ ื›ื” ืื™ืš ื ืคืœื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืžื•ืชื™ืš ื—ืœืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื

Then he fasts and makes sure everyone knows that he is fasting. I certainly get the impression that David is protesting too much. But it accomplishes his political goal: both his nation (ื›ืœ ื”ืขื) and Israel (ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ) know that David had no hand in the murder, and it allows him to appeal to Israel to join him.


ืœื— ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•; ื”ืœื•ื ืชื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืฉืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืคืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ืœื˜ ื•ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืจืš ื•ืžืฉื•ื— ืžืœืš ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™; ื™ืฉืœื ื”ืณ ืœืขืฉื” ื”ืจืขื” ื›ืจืขืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

Now David admits in private what he has not said in public: he is sincere about the loss of Avner, but he cannot punish Yoav as he deserves because he (David) is too weak. But the time will eventually come:

ื ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื• ืœืืžืจืƒ ื‘ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœืื™ืฉืƒ โ€ฆื” ื•ื’ื ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื•ืœืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื•ื™ื”ืจื’ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื—ื’ืจืชื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืชื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ืขืœื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื•ืƒ ื• ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื—ื›ืžืชืš; ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื“ ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื ืฉืืœืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

Itโ€™s important to note that David was not afraid that Yoav would rebel against him. Itโ€™s that he felt he needed Yoav as his enforcer:

ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื; ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืœื•ื“ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื—

ืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืชืชืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื”ืณ ืืœื”ื™ืš ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืš; ื•ืฉืคื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืงืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–:ื™ื—

ืจืณ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคื˜. ื›ื™ืฆื“? ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื˜ืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ืืžืจ ืจืณ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื“ืช ืื™ืœืžืœื ืฉื™ื˜ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืื‘, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ โ€ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื• ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืโ€œ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื—:ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–), ื•ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื•, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ื•ืื‘, ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื’