Now back to David and a story of betrayal, counter-betrayal and murder.
Remember that Avner had broken with Ish Boshet and declared that he would support David:
But Avner only sent messengers to David secretly:
As far as Ish Boshet knew, Avner was still loyal (Ish Boshet had a bad case of denial). We don’t have the details, but it’s clear that Ish Boshet listened to Avner to return Michal, and even let Avner accompany her back to David:
Here we see more details of what Avner did. דבר אבנר היה means “Avner had sent word”, in the past perfect, before coming with Michal.
Avner is being very politic. He’s claiming that this (David’s rule) is what the people have always wanted; it was only Avner’s support of Ish Boshet that kept them from expressing it. Now they could do what they really wanted to do.
The text says טוב בעיני ישראל ובעיני כל בית בנימן. This is the first hint of the shift in בנימן's loyalty. When the kingdom splits, בנימן will stay with יהודה despite the long war between Saul and David.
We have seen an undercurrent of loyalty to David during Saul’s reign before this:
But here the entire nation turns to David.
Now Avner comes to David (with Michal, presumably, though we don’t see anything of her reunion with David).
When David sends him back, it is with an omnious foreshadowing:
לך לשלום has the sense of going on a mission, still having a purpose. לך בשלום implies you’re done. Avner had turned the loyalty of the kingdom of Israel to David, and his role in history was finished.
Remember what happened 2 years before:
Yoav still carried that grudge and he is furious at David for letting Avner go.
The משבצות זהב suggests (in a “cute” דרש) that עשיתה could be read as עָשִׂיתָהּ, with a מפיק-ה׳, meaning “acted for her”. Yoav accuses David of wanting Michal back so badly, he allowed a known spy into his kingdom.
Yoav will have his revenge:
בור הסרה is the name of a place, but חז״ל saw it as a hint to Avner’s failure as an advisor to Saul:
And the murder in תוך השער is significant:
Yoav felt that he was justified in killing Avner:
But in a strictly legal sense Yoav was wrong. Even if he could justify being a גאל הדם, Chevron is a sanctuary city:
So however justified Yoav may feel, he is guilty of murder.
This has the makings of a political disaster for David. He wants to be king of all Israel, and now his chief of staff has murdered the popular second-in-command of Israel. David is forced to publicly declare his innocence, and dramatically curses Yoav and Avishai. The sentence ויואב ואבישי אחיו הרגו לאבנר; על אשר המית את עשהאל אחיהם בגבעון במלחמה is not redundant; it’s part of David’s declaration that they were not justified in the murder. Notably, however, he does not punish them. We’ll soon see why.
This is the extent of Yoav’s punishment: he has to publicly mourn Avner, basically showing his remorse (or at least acting it out).
David is very public with his mourning. He accuses Yoav of murder, he makes Yoav lead the burial, he eulogizes Avner in terms that parallel his eulogy for Saul and Jonathan:
Then he fasts and makes sure everyone knows that he is fasting. I certainly get the impression that David is protesting too much. But it accomplishes his political goal: both his nation (כל העם) and Israel (כל ישראל) know that David had no hand in the murder, and it allows him to appeal to Israel to join him.
Now David admits in private what he has not said in public: he is sincere about the loss of Avner, but he cannot punish Yoav as he deserves because he (David) is too weak. But the time will eventually come:
It’s important to note that David was not afraid that Yoav would rebel against him. It’s that he felt he needed Yoav as his enforcer: