ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Gath You're Back

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ืขืชื” ืืกืคื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ; ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื˜ ืืžืœื˜ ืืœ ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื ื•ืืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ืžืœื˜ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ื•ืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืงื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืขืžื•; ืืœ ืื›ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื•ืš ืžืœืš ื’ืชืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื ืื›ื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืชื•; ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื• ืื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ื–ืจืขืืœืช ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืืฉืช ื ื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืจืžืœื™ืชืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ื’ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื— ื“ื•ื“ ื’ืช; ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื™ืกืฃ) ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื–

How could David leave ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? Didnโ€™t he just compare that to worshipping ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?

โ€ฆื›ื™ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื”ืกืชืคื— ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ืœืš ืขื‘ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื•:ื™ื˜

ืชืดืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื“ื ื‘ืืดื™ ืืคื™ืณ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืœ ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืึพืœื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืึพืœื•ื”.

ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™,ื‘

And in fact, the commentators say this is exactly what David was talking about. When he said ื”ื™ื•ื, he meant literally โ€œtodayโ€โ€”I have been forced into exile today, to the Philistines:

ื›ืืœื• ื™ืืžืจื• ืืœื™ ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืณ , ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ , ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื .

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉื

The ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ points out that there is a problem with this interpretation, since ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื really is part of ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื—ืชื. ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ, ืืฃ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืจืงื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืจ; ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื›ืคืจ ืœื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื•ื“. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื—ืชื, ืืœื ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื. ื•ื”ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื•ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ื ื—ืชื; ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืื•ืžืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืื’ืžื•ื ื™ื” ืœืื’ืžื•ื ื™ื”.

ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืžืจืงื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื•ืจืงื ื›ืžื–ืจื—, ืžืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืจื•ื ื•ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื•ื, ืžืขื›ื• ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขื›ื• ื›ืฆืคื•ืŸ; ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ, ืขื›ื• ื›ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ื.

ืžืฉื ื” ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื

ื”ืงืฉื” ืจืดืช ื“ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื–ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื ืฉืืจืช ื•ื’ื•ืณ ื”ืืฉื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืืฉืงืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืคื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื—ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื™ืชื™ืš ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื›ื“ื•ื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื›ื•ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืช ืขื–ื” ื•ืืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื”.

ืชืกืคื•ืช, ืฉื, ื“ืดื” ื•ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื•ื

So we have the Mishna that explains that Ashkelon (in the ancient land of the Philistines) is not part of ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, though the ื ื‘ื™ื says that it is. While Tosaphot doesnโ€™t bring this, the idea that ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื is part of ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ is implied in the Torah as well:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื; ื•ื™ืœืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืœ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืžืœืš ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื’ืจืจื”ืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื™ื• ื”ืณ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ืชืจื“ ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”; ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ืืœื™ืšืƒ ื’ ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืื”ื™ื” ืขืžืš ื•ืื‘ืจื›ืš; ื›ื™ ืœืš ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš ืืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆืช ื”ืืœ ื•ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ืšืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื›ื•

ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืœืจื“ืช ืžืฆืจื™ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืขื‘, ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœ ืชืจื“ ืžืฆืจื™ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืš.

ืจืฉืณื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื•:ื‘, ื“ืดื” ืืœ ืชืจื“ ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”

Tosaphot brings two explanations:

ื•ืืจืดืช ื“ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื‘ืฉื•ื” ื›ื“ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืดืง ื“ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ื“ืฃ ื–.) ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืฉื•ื ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœโ€ฆื•ืืžืจ ืจืดื™ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืดืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื›ื•ืณ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื•ืคืœื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื.

ืชืกืคื•ืช, ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘,ื, ื“ืดื” ื•ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื•ื

The Ri says that Ashkelon is in fact in Israel, but itโ€™s so far from the center of the population that we consider it foreign. Rabbeinu Tam makes a distinction between the first commonwealth, ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, and the second, ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ, that is reflected in the Rambam:

ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”โ€”ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื•, ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืŸ: ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”โ€”ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉืขืชื” ื•ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.

ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืืจืฅโ€”ืงื™ื“ืฉื•ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœืฉืขืชื” ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ืโ€ฆื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ, ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ; ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžื ื” ืขืœ ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ, ื•ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื:ื”

ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื™ื“ืฉืชืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉืืจ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื: ืœืคื™ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืโ€”ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื›ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•:ืœื); ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืžื™ืŸ, ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื.

ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืœืงื—ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื™ื“ื™ื”ืโ€”ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ืขื–ืจื ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉื”, ืœื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื”; ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื• ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื–ืจื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”โ€”ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ืœืงื—ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื”.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•:ื˜ื–

Itโ€™s not clear from the Rambam why there should be a difference between ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ and ื—ื–ืงื”. Rav Shaviv of the Herzog Institute has a summary of some of the discussion. Rav Soloveitchik explains the concept of ื—ื–ืงื” in this context:

ืื‘ืœ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื–ืจื?โ€ฆื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชโ€ฆืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื” ื™ืคื” ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื”? ืื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅโ€ฆ!

ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืขโ€ฆื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”โ€ฆื ืจืื” ืžื›ืš, ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅโ€ฆื”ื•ืึพื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœืขื–ืจื.

โ€ฆ

[ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข] ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”โ€ฆื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื”ึพื ืชืงื“ืฉื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉึพืžืชืงื“ืฉ ืื—ืจึพื›ืš.

ื•ืื•ืœื, ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื. ื›ืฉื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœโ€”ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื–ื•? ืœื ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ืืœื ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื”ืจื‘ ื™. ื“. ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆืณื™ืง, ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื“ืฃ 302-308

Thus the ืงื“ื•ืฉื” of ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ in the days of Ezra was derived from the ืงื“ื•ืฉื” of the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, and was not removed with the Roman exile. As an aside, the question then arises: why wasnโ€™t ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงื™ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉืขืชื” ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื? The Rav doesnโ€™t address that question; he is only interested in the halachic implications. But telelogically I think the answer is that given by the ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื among others:

ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื–ืดืœ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื˜,ื) ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืณื“:ื) ื•ื™ื‘ื›ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื•ืณ ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื›ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืœื™ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ืขื•ื“ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื˜,ื) ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ื ืžืฉื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื—ืจื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื•, ื•ืืžืจื• ืขื•ื“ (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื˜) ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืืกืฃ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื• ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืณ ื•ื–ืดืœ ืงื™ื ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื” ืืœื ืขืœ ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื—ืžืชื• ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืขืชื” ืื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืžืฉื” ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื—ืžืชื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื™ื—ืจ ืืฃ ื”ืณ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ื•ื ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื:ืœื–, ื“ืดื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืื ืฃ ื”ืณ ื‘ื’ืœืœื›ื

A ืžืงื“ืฉ-centered conquest at that time, led by leaders of the caliber of Moshe, would have resulted in a ืงื“ื•ืฉื” that would never be destroyed. Instead, when the Jewish people sinned, they would have been the ones to be destroyed.

But this idea, that Davidโ€™s sojourn in ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื was in a quasi-Israel, may be how Radak understands Davidโ€™s situation:

ืืขืคืดื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืงืœื’ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ืกื•ืคื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื, ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืื– ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ืœืงื—ื•ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืžื™ื“ื ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจื” ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœืžืœื›ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื”.

ืจื“ืดืง ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื–

ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื may have had the holiness of ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ when Joshua conquered it, but this is the Middle East. No battle is ever over; no one stays beaten. The Philistines retook their land and in Davidโ€™s time he considered it ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ.

Bleep

And to return to Rashiโ€™s interesting comment:

ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื•:ื™ื˜

The phrase ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช is clearly extraneous; itโ€™s not in the original quote in the Talmud and more to the point, it doesnโ€™t apply to David: there is no ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. This would appear to have been an interpolation by the censor. Rabbi Steven Weil of the OU likes to point out that there is evidence that most of what we call โ€œcensoringโ€ of medieval Jewish manuscripts was actually self-censorship: the Church would be more likely to burn the whole book rather thanoffer a detailed critique of the phrases it didnโ€™t like. The Jewish publishers took out or edited anything that they were afraidmight offend the censor. In the case of Rashiโ€™s commentary, Lisa Fredman (who has a PhD in such things) mentions Domenico Irosolomitano (in the linked lecture, at 23:44 on), a sixteenth century Italian apostate who published Sefer HaZikuk in Hebrew, with a list of books and phrases to be censored (like ื›ืœ ืฉื ื’ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื ื›ืจื™ ื ื›ืจื™ืโ€ฆื™ืžื—ืง ื•ื™ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•: ืขื›ื•ืดื; see Rav Bermanโ€™s article).