After everything we’ve seen, the Givonim have been given everything they want. Justice, however cruel, has been served. We would expect that ה׳ would bring the rain and end the drought. But that’s not what happens. Instead, we hear of the mother of two of the men who were killed, רצפה בת איה, Saul’s concubine:
And even this נתך מים עליהם מן השמים didn’t really end the drought; we are told ויעתר אלקים לארץ אחרי כן after another four psukim.
Levinas says we are told of רצפה's dedication because it’s too easy to lose sight of the fundamental fact that after all the discussion of justice and forgiveness, of revenge and reparations, we are talking about human beings. Kings need to deal with the trolley problem, and sacrifice the few for the good of the many, but it’s not some algebraic calculation. Utilitarian ethics lead to repugnant conclusions where everyone suffers to make some abstract “total happiness” higher (ואכמ״ל). If I deal with a trolley problem, however I determine necessary, and then think I have solved it, then I am fundamentally immoral.
And David learns the lesson:
We need to remember the relationship between Saul and the people of יביש גלעד. His first act as king had been to save them from the Ammonites:
And they returned the favor by burying him after he was killed by the Philistines:
And now we are told that David takes the bones of Saul and gives them a royal funeral, something that conspicuously had not happened before. I have to confess:
I lied about ה׳ message to David at the beginning of the perek. It wasn’t just about the Givonim:
The gemara says that אל שאול ואל בית הדמים refer to two different things:
ה׳ gave the message to David that he needs to correct the injustice to the Givonim, which we have seen, and also to give Saul the honor that he deserved. David figured that its too late to do anything about Saul, so he ignored that (as we did).
The gemara points out the inherent contradiction between honoring Saul and simultaneously exacting punishment for his mistreatment of the Givonim, but it’s not a contradiction. It’s part of being human. Saul was both very good and very bad, and both need to be acknowledged.
The gemara in Sanhedrin discusses the question of whether a הספד, a eulogy, is done for the sake of the dead or for the sake of the mourners.
The eulogy is for the dead; the fact that there was no eulogy is a sort of תקנה for Saul’s sins, and now that justice was done to the extent possible, David can
try to achieve closure after the civil war with Saul. It was not an insult to rebury and eulogize him so late, but a sign that he has paid the price for his sins and now should be remembered for his greatness.
The Torah Temimah says that the fact that הספידא יקרא דשכבי isn’t really about the dead at all; it is about demonstrating חסד של אמת, true kindness that cannot be paid back.
And so David and the nation of Israel ends this perek with an understanding of what חסד and משפט really mean, and connects this perek back to the end of פרק ח: