While Saul makes the right choice to abandon his pursuit of David to go fight the Philistines, he doesnโt give up:
ื ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืืจื ืคืืฉืชืื; ืืืืื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืื ืืืื
ื ืืืงื ืฉืืื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืคืื ืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืขื ืคื ื ืฆืืจื ืืืขืืืื
ื ืืืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืฆืื ืขื ืืืจื ืืฉื ืืขืจื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืกื ืืช ืจืืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจืืชื ืืืขืจื ืืฉืืืื
ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ื ืชื ืืช ืืืืื (ืืืื) ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืขืื ืื; ืืืงื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืื ืฃ ืืืขืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืื
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืชื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืจืช ืืช ืื ืฃ ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืณ ืื ืืขืฉื ืืช ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืฉืื ืืณ ืืฉืื ืืื ืื; ืื ืืฉืื ืืณ ืืืื
ื ืืืฉืกืข ืืื ืืช ืื ืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ื ืชื ื ืืงืื ืื ืฉืืื; ืืฉืืื ืงื ืืืืขืจื ืืืื ืืืจืื
The three thousand men are Saulโs hand-picked special forces:
ืืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืคืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืฉ ืืืืจ ืืืช ืื ืืืืฃ ืืื ืขื ืืื ืชื ืืืืขืช ืื ืืืื; ืืืชืจ ืืขื ืฉืื ืืืฉ ืืืืืืื
Doing his Business
ืืืกื ืืช ืจืืืืโliterally โto cover his legsโโis a euphemism:
โฆืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืงืืฉโืื ืืืกื ืืช ืจืืืื, ืืขืื ืืืืื; ืืื ืืืืื ืืื, ืืขืื ืงืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืจืืืืื.
ืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืฆืื ืขื ืืืจื ืืฉื ืืขืจื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืกื ืืช ืจืืืื ืชื ื ืืืจ ืืคื ืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืขืจื ืืคื ืื ืืืขืจื; ืืืกื ืืืจ ืจืณ ืืืขืืจ ืืืื ืฉืกืื ืขืฆืื ืืกืืื.
And Saul here demonstrates his modesty; he goes into the depths of the cave to relieve himself. This is in fact a halacha:
ื ืื ืชืฆื ืืื ื ืขื ืืืืื; ืื ืฉืืจืช ืืื ืืืจ ืจืขื
ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืืืฅ ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืื ืืืื ืื
ืื ืืืื ืืคื ืืช ืขืจื ืืจืืฅ ืืืื; ืืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืื ืื ืชืื ืืืื ืื
ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืืฅ ืืืื ื; ืืืฆืืช ืฉืื ืืืฅื
ืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืขื ืืื ื; ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืืืฅ ืืืคืจืชื ืื ืืฉืืช ืืืกืืช ืืช ืฆืืชืื
ืื ืื ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืชืืื ืืงืจื ืืื ื ืืืฆืืื ืืืชืช ืืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืงืืืฉ; ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืขืจืืช ืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืืจืืื
The ื ืืื reminds us that, after all, Saul is a ืฆืืืง. He may have flaws, but he is known for his self-effacement and modesty. This is fact is his fatal flaw; (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืื ืงืื ืืชื ืืขืื ืื ืจืืฉ ืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืชื.
Cornering the Market
Cutting the corner from Saulโs cloak, while clearly better than killing him outright, was still a strong statement, since it had such symbolic import:
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืขืืจืชื ืืช ืคื ืืณ ืืืช ืืืจืื; ืื ืืจืืชื ืืช ืืขื ืืืฉืืข ืืงืืืื
ืื ืืขืชื ืฉื ื ื ืืช ืืืืชื; ืืฉืื ืขืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืืณื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืขืื; ืื ืืืกืชื ืืช ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืืืกื ืืณ ืืืืืช ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืืื
ืื ืืืกื ืฉืืืื ืืืืช; ืืืืืง ืืื ืฃ ืืขืืื ืืืงืจืขื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืงืจืข ืืณ ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืขืืื ืืืื; ืื ืชื ื ืืจืขื ืืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืื ื ืฆื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืฉืงืจ ืืื ืื ืื; ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืชื ืขืชื ืืืื ื ื ื ื ืื ืืงื ื ืขืื ืื ืื ืืฉืจืื; ืืฉืื ืขืื ืืืฉืชืืืืชื ืืืณ ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืฉื ืฉืืืื ืืืจื ืฉืืื; ืืืฉืชืื ืฉืืื ืืืณื
And this explains the text; Rashi is perplexed why David would tell his men ืืืืื ืื ืืืณ ืื ืืขืฉื ืืช ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืฉืื ืืณ ืืฉืื ืืื ืื after he had decided not to hurt him:
ืฉื ื ืืงืจืืืช
ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืฉืื ืืกืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืืื ืืืืจ ืืืจืืชืช
ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืจ ืฉืืฃ ืืืจืืชืช ืืืขืื ื ืชืืจื
ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืจืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืฉืืืจื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืณ.
Similarly, Radak proposes that thereโs a missing bit of dialog that David is responding to:
ืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืชื ืื ืื ืืื ืคื ืืืื
ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืืจืืชื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืณ ืืื.
But I would say that the cutting itself was ืฉืื ืืื ืื, and that is what David is telling his men. Cutting off the corner of Saulโs garment was in effect claiming the kingship for himself, and David realized that it was not time for that yet.
Ralbag adds another dimension to Davidโs insistence that ืื ืืฉืื ืืณ ืืื: it would be a very bad precedent for David to attack the rightful king:
ืืดื ืืืื ืกืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืงื ืืืจืืืช
ืืืืืื ืืืืข ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืื ืจืฆื ืืืจืืืง ืขื ืื ืืจืืืช
ืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืณ.
And it did work out badly in the end:
(ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืงื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืื ืฃ ืืืขืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืจืณ ืืืกื ืืจืณ ืื ืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืกืืฃ ืืื ื ื ืื ื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืืื ื ื) ืืืืื ืืื ืืงื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืกืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื.
ื ืืืงื ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืืขืจื (ืืืืขืจื) ืืืงืจื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืื; ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืื ืืคืื ืืจืฆื ืืืฉืชืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืชืฉืืข ืืช ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจ: ืื ื ืืื ืืืงืฉ ืจืขืชืื
ื ืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืจืื ืขืื ืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืชื ื ืืณ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืชืืก ืขืืื; ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืฉืื ืืณ ืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืจืื ืื ืจืื ืืช ืื ืฃ ืืขืืื ืืืื: ืื ืืืจืชื ืืช ืื ืฃ ืืขืืื ืืื ืืจืืชืื ืืข ืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืจืขื ืืคืฉืข ืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืชื ืฆืื ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืงืืชืื
ืื ืืฉืคื ืืณ ืืื ื ืืืื ื ืื ืงืื ื ืืณ ืืื; ืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืื
ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืงืืื ื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืฆื ืจืฉืข; ืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืื
ืื ืืืจื ืื ืืฆื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืจื ืื ืืชื ืจืืฃ: ืืืจื ืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืคืจืขืฉ ืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืณ ืืืื ืืฉืคื ืืื ื ืืืื ื; ืืืจื ืืืจื ืืช ืจืืื ืืืฉืคืื ื ืืืืื
Using the singular ืืืืจ ืืืจืื emphasizes the unanimity among Davidโs men:
ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืกื ื ืคืฉื ืขืืื, ืืืื ืืงืจื ืงืฆืจ.
And the grammar of ืชืืก ืขืืื is wrong; it literally means โshe had pity on youโ, not โI had pity on youโ. The gemara sees in this David recognizing Saulโs modesty (and, as we said before, his virtue as king, while perhaps hinting at his shortcomings):
(ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืชืืก ืขืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืชื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืชืืก ืืืกืชื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืืจืืื ืืชื ืฉืืจื ืจืืืฃ ืืชื ืืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืฆื ืืขืืช ืฉืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืกื ืขืืื.
And note that David calls Saul ืืื:
ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื.
And this incident proves that David has been innocent all along:
ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืจ, ืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืคืจืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืฉืโฆืฉืืืื ืชื ืืื ืืืช ื ืื ืฉืืืโฆืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืื ืื ืจืื, ืฉืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืคืจืฉ ืื ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืคื ื ืืื, ืืจืืืช ืืช ื ืืื ืืชื ืืืกืืจืชื ืืฉืืื ืืืืฉืจืื.
Old Saw
Davidโs philosophy, that everything will work out for the good if we leave it in ืืณ's hands, is inherent in the proverb he cites.
ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืงืืืื ื:
ืืฉื ืงืืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื, ืืชืืจื , ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืงืืดื.
ืืจืฉืขืื ืืฆื ืจืฉืข:
ืืงืืดื ืืืื ืืจืฉืข , ืฉื ืืคื ืืื ืจืฉืข ืืืืฆื ืื , ืืืืื ืืืจื ืชืืจื (ืฉืืืช ืื:ืื): ืืืืืงืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืกืืช ืืืืช (ื,ื).
Itโs not our job to play G-d. In any system of justice there is a balance between the risk of convicting the innocent and exculpating the guilty (in medicine, thatโs the balance between specificity and sensitivity); we follow the rules even if sometimes the guilty go free. ืืณ will take care of ultimate justice.
ืืืืจ ืฉืงืจ ืชืจืืง; ืื ืงื ืืฆืืืง ืื ืชืืจื ืื ืื ืืฆืืืง ืจืฉืขื
ืืืฉืจ ืื ืฆืื ืืืืืงืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืชื ืื ืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืก ืฉืืื
ืจืดืฉ ืื ืืงืืฉ ืคืชื ืื ืคืชืื ืืืื ืคืจืฉืชื ืืืื (ืฉืืืช ืื) ืืืฉืจ ืื ืฆืื ืืืืืงืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืณ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืงืืืื ื ืืจืฉืขืื ืืฆื ืจืฉืข ืืืืณ ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ื ืื ื ืืื ืฉืืจืื ืืช ืื ืคืฉ ืืื ืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืงืืดื ืืืืื ื ืืคืื ืืง ืืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืืื ืืืฉื ืชืืช ืืกืืื ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืกืืื ืื ืคื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืื ืฉืืจื ืืืืื ื ืืจื ืืื ืฉืืจื ืืฉืืื ืืืื.
And similarly, the fact that someone is destined to be punished, and in fact deserves it, does not absolve you of responsibility:
ืื ืชืื ื ืืืช ืืืฉ ืืขืฉืืช ืืขืงื ืืืื; ืืื ืชืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืคื ืื ืคื ืืื ืื
ืจืืื ืื ืืืคืื ืืืฃ ืขืคืดื ืื ืชืชืืืื ืืืชืชื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืืืืืื ืืืืช ืขืดื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืดื ืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืงืื ืื ืื ื ืืื; ืืืฉื ืฉืืื ืงืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืฆืืืง ืืชื ืืื ื; ืื ืืชื ืืืืชื ื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืชืื ืืจืขืื
ืื ืืืช (ืืืชื) ืืืืช ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืืชื ืืืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืกืืจื ื ืืณ ืืืื ืืื ืืจืืชื ืื
ืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืืฉ ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืืื; ืืืณ ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืชืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืชื ืืื
ื ืืขืชื ืื ื ืืืขืชื ืื ืืื ืชืืืื; ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืืื
ืื ืืขืชื ืืฉืืขื ืื ืืืณ ืื ืชืืจืืช ืืช ืืจืขื ืืืจื; ืืื ืชืฉืืื ืืช ืฉืื ืืืืช ืืืื
ืื ืืืฉืืข ืืื ืืฉืืื; ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืขืื ืขื ืืืฆืืืื
Saul now realizes the truth: he calls David ืื ื, says he cannot be ืืืื. He publicly proclaims ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื, and has David swear to preserve his (Saulโs) descendents, just as Jonathan did. This should be the happy ending of ืฉืืืื ื. But something happens, and it all falls apart againโฆ