ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Ziph-A-Dee-Doo-Dah

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

It was pointed out last time how Saulโ€™s ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืโ€Ž (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’:ื™ื“) is ambiguous; ื‘ืงืฉ (โ€wantedโ€œ) can be positive or negative. The ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื points out that the word ื‘ืงืฉ comes up a lot in Saulโ€™s history, making this even more ironic. When Saul first met David, it was with ื‘ืงืฉ:

ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ืกืจื” ืžืขื ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื‘ืขืชืชื• ืจื•ื— ืจืขื” ืžืืช ื”ืณ. ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื™ื•: ื”ื ื” ื ื ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ืจืขื” ืžื‘ืขืชืš. ื˜ื– ื™ืืžืจ ื ื ืื“ื ื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ืจื•ื— ืืœื”ื™ื ืจืขื” ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš.

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื–

And when we first meet Saul, it is in the context of ื‘ืงืฉ

ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžื‘ืŸ ื™ืžื™ืŸ (ืžื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ) ื•ืฉืžื• ืงื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจืช ื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ื— ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื™; ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœืƒ ื‘ ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื•; ืžืฉื›ืžื• ื•ืžืขืœื” ื’ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืืƒ ื’ ื•ืชืื‘ื“ื ื” ื”ืืชื ื•ืช ืœืงื™ืฉ ืื‘ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงื™ืฉ ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื ื• ืงื— ื ื ืืชืš ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ื ืœืš ื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ืืชื ืชืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื˜

And his life ends with a ื‘ืงืฉื”:

ื“ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฆื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื; ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฅ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื‘ืขืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืจื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื; ื•ื™ืจื ื•ื™ื—ืจื“ ืœื‘ื• ืžืื“ืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืฉืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืณ ื•ืœื ืขื ื”ื• ื”ืณ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืžื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืืืƒ ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื™ ืืฉืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ื‘ ื•ืืœื›ื” ืืœื™ื” ื•ืื“ืจืฉื” ื‘ื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืืœื™ื• ื”ื ื” ืืฉืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื—

So this ื‘ืงืฉื” becomes a sort of leitwort in Saulโ€™s life. It brings out the tragedy even more: he is always seeking something, never at peace.


Before we go on, I want to look at the rectitude of the people of Keilah in attempting to turn David over to Saul.

There are a few other examples of turning Jews over to the authorities in ืชื ืดืš; one is ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ, where the ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” did not turn him over involuntarily:

ื˜ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”; ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉื• ื‘ืœื—ื™ืƒ ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื” ืขืœื™ืชื ืขืœื™ื ื•; ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ื•ืƒ ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื“ื• ืฉืœืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืกืœืข ืขื™ื˜ื ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื™ื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื•ืžื” ื–ืืช ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื ื•; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืœืืกืจืš ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืœืชืชืš ื‘ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื• ืœื™ ืคืŸ ืชืคื’ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ ืืชืืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืœืืžืจ ืœื ื›ื™ ืืกืจ ื ืืกืจืš ื•ื ืชื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•ื”ืžืช ืœื ื ืžื™ืชืš; ื•ื™ืืกืจื”ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืขืœื•ื”ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืกืœืขืƒ

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

And the most relevant example, when ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ rebels against David:

ื ื•ืฉื ื ืงืจื ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื ื™; ื•ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉืคืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื—ืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื”ืœื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื—ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™; ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžืœื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืืƒ

โ€ฆ

ื˜ื• ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื›ื” ื•ื™ืฉืคื›ื• ืกืœืœื” ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืชืขืžื“ ื‘ื—ืœ; ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื”ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ืชืงืจื ืืฉื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ; ืฉืžืขื• ืฉืžืขื• ืืžืจื• ื ื ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืงืจื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื ื” ื•ืื“ื‘ืจื” ืืœื™ืšืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื”ืืฉื” ื”ืืชื” ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื ื™; ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืชืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžืข ืื ื›ื™ืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืชืืžืจ ืœืืžืจ: ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืจืืฉื ื” ืœืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืื‘ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ืƒ ื™ื˜ ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื™ ืืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื” ืชื‘ืœืข ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืณืƒ

ื› ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ: ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ ืื ืื‘ืœืข ื•ืื ืืฉื—ื™ืชืƒ ื›ื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจ ืืคืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ืฉืžื• ื ืฉื ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžืœืš ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ืชื ื• ืืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ืืœื›ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ; ื•ืชืืžืจ ื”ืืฉื” ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื”ื ื” ืจืืฉื• ืžืฉืœืš ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžื”ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ืืฉื” ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื” ื•ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉืœื›ื• ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื™ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉืคืจ ื•ื™ืคืฆื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื”ืœื™ื•; ื•ื™ื•ืื‘ ืฉื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื›

This is taken as the correct ื”ืœื›ื”:

ืชื ื™: ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืคื’ืขื• ืœื”ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื ืœืื• ื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืžืกืจื• ื ืคืฉ ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ืœื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ื™ืžืกืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื”ืจื’ื•. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™. ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืืžืจ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™.

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื—:ื“

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื ื•, ืœื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืืœื ืืดื› ื™ื—ื“ื•ื”ื• ื•ืืžืจื•: ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืคืœื•ื ื™. (ืžืฉื ื” ืคืณ ื—ืณ ื“ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ืคืดื” ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื”ืดื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืกืจื•, ืืืดื› ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™. (ื‘ืดื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉืดื™ ื•ืจืดืŸ)

ืจืžืดื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืงื ื–:ื

But there is a qualification: the fugitive must be in the hands of the city; they cannot go out and capture him:

ืืžืจ ืจืณ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืณ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจื’ ื•ื”ืŸ ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืืœ ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืณ ื•ืชื‘ื ื”ืืฉื” ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื” ื•ื’ื•ืณ ืืžืจื” ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจื’ ื•ืืชื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืืœ ืชื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื•ืœื›ื.

ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžืกื›ืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช (ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ) ืคืจืง ื– ื”ืœื›ื” ื›

So it would seem that the people of Keilah were technically correct in turning David over to Saul (or at least trying to). We will see the contrast with the people of Zipf coming up.


ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืจื ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื•; ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ืจืฉื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื’

The place he runs to, ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ืฃ, is in the east of the territory of ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”:

ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื:

โ€ฆ

ื ื” ืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ืจืžืœ ื•ื–ื™ืฃ ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”ืƒ ื ื• ื•ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื•ื™ืงื“ืขื ื•ื–ื ื•ื—ืƒ ื ื– ื”ืงื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ืชืžื ื”; ืขืจื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื•ื—ืฆืจื™ื”ืŸืƒ

ื™ื”ื•ืฉื•ืข ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

We will see these places again as the story progresses.


ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืงื ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืœืš ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ืจืฉื”; ื•ื™ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืืœ ืชื™ืจื ื›ื™ ืœื ืชืžืฆืืš ื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ ื•ืืชื” ืชืžืœืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœืžืฉื ื”; ื•ื’ื ืฉืื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ ื™ื“ืข ื›ืŸืƒ ื™ื— ื•ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืจืฉื” ื•ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื’

Now, Jonathan has sworn to a ื‘ืจื™ืช twice before:

ื•ื™ื›ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื• ื›ื ืคืฉื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—:ื’

ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“โ€ฆ ื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืื ืขื•ื“ื ื™ ื—ื™; ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืขืžื“ื™ ื—ืกื“ ื”ืณ ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืชืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ืœื ืชื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื—ืกื“ืš ืžืขื ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื; ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืณ ืืช ืื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ื›ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืณ ืžื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื•; ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ืช ื ืคืฉื• ืื”ื‘ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›

But this is different, since it is ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ:

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืžื™ื , ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืžืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’:ื™ื—, ื“ืดื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ

And here Jonathan explicitly vows to serve David. This is the point that he in fact betrays his father. ื—ื–ืดืœ saw this as an act of supreme humility on his part:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื(ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ) ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœโ€ฆื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื“ืงืืดืœ ืœื“ื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’) ื•ืืชื” ืชืžืœื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœืžืฉื ื”. ืžืžืื™? ื“ืœืžื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื“ื—ื–ื ื“ื’ืจื™ืจ ืขืœืžื ื‘ืชืจ ื“ื•ื“

ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื“,ื‘-ืคื”,ื

The gemara does not answer its question, and none of the classical commentators say anything. But the ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ offers an profound insight:

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœืืžืจ, ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื‘ื”. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืš ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœืคื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš, ื•ืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื” ืฉืœื•.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’:ื™ื–, ื“ืดื” ื•ืืชื” ืชืžืœืš

ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื–ืคื™ื ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขืชื” ืœืืžืจ: ื”ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื“ ืžืกืชืชืจ ืขืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจืฉื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื›ื™ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืƒ ื› ื•ืขืชื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉืš ื”ืžืœืš ืœืจื“ืช ืจื“; ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืืชื ืœื”ืณ: ื›ื™ ื—ืžืœืชื ืขืœื™ืƒ ื›ื‘ ืœื›ื• ื ื ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ื“ืขื• ื•ืจืื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืœื• ืžื™ ืจืื”ื• ืฉื; ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืืœื™ ืขืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื ื”ื•ืืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ืจืื• ื•ื“ืขื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื—ื‘ื ืฉื ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ืืœื™ ืืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืืชื›ื; ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื—ืคืฉืชื™ ืืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื’

As we said, the people of Ziph betrayed David when they were not being threatened. They were from Davidโ€™s tribe but loyal to Saul (we will see members of Benjamin who came to join David as well). Saul tells them ื—ืžืœืชื ืขืœื™; he really sees himself as the wronged one here, just as he berated his own court (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื‘:ื•)โ€Ž ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื” ืžื›ื ืขืœื™ ื•ื’ืœื” ืืช ืื–ื ื™. His description of Davidโ€™s cleverness, ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืืœื™ ืขืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื ื”ื•ื, is left anonymous (who said it?):

ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจ

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’:ื›ื‘, ื“ืดื” ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืืœื™

ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื™ ืืœื™

ืจืœื‘ืดื’, ืฉื

But the Radak attributes it to David himself:

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœื• ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื” ื‘ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืจ ืžื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืขืจื™ื ื™ืขืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืขืจืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืชื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืŸ ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”: ืžืจืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืงืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ื•ืžื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ืฉื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉื

ื›ื“ ื•ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ื–ื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื” ืืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืœืš ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”ืกืœืข ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืŸืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจ ืžื–ื” ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจ ืžื–ื”; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื—ืคื– ืœืœื›ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ืขื˜ืจื™ื ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื• ืœืชืคืฉืืƒ ื›ื– ื•ืžืœืืš ื‘ื ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ: ืžื”ืจื” ื•ืœื›ื” ื›ื™ ืคืฉื˜ื• ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅืƒ ื›ื— ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืœืš ืœืงืจืืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื; ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงืจืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืกืœืข ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืชืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื™ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืฉื; ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื“ื•ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื™ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื›ื’

This is one of the few the only explicit miracles on Davidโ€™s behalf in the entire ืกืคืจ (another is the victory over Goliath), and even this is a ื ืก ื ืกืชืจ, a โ€œhiddenโ€ miracle that could easily be attributed to a lucky chance. That establishes one of the themes of Davidโ€™s life: he is able to see the hand of ื”ืณ in everything, and that is the link between the David of ืฉืžื•ืืœ and the David of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ืโ€Ž. Ironically, we will see the only time with an explicit ื ืก ื ื’ืœื”,โ€Ž when ื ื‘ืœ dies, allowing him to marry ืื‘ื™ื’ืืœโ€Žโ€”(ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืœื–)โ€Ž ื•ื™ื’ืฃ ื”ืณ ืืช ื ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืžืชโ€”David is led badly astray.

There a number of explanations of ืกืœืข ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช:

ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื”ื•ื (ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืจ ืฉื”ืœืš ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืจ ืžื–ื” ื•ื›ื•ืณ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžืขืœื”) ื ื—ืœืงื• ื•ื ืคืจื“ื• ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• , ืžืขื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื ืฉื™ื•.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื’:ื›ื—, ื“ืดื” ืกืœืข ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช

ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื ื ืคื ื” ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”.

ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™, ืฉื

But I think the most profound explanation is Rashiโ€™s: the ืžื—ืœืงืช was in Saulโ€™s mind:

ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืง ืœืฉืชื™ ื“ืขื•ืช , ืื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืืจืฆื• ืžื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื , ืื• ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ , ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ืžื• ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉื

There is a chapter of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ืโ€Ž about this incident:

ื ืœืžื ืฆื— ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืœื“ื•ื“ืƒ
ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื ื”ื–ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื”ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืžืกืชืชืจ ืขืžื ื•ืƒ
ื’ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืš ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™; ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชืš ืชื“ื™ื ื ื™ืƒ
ื“ ืืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืข ืชืคืœืชื™; ื”ืื–ื™ื ื” ืœืืžืจื™ ืคื™ืƒ
ื” ื›ื™ ื–ืจื™ื ืงืžื• ืขืœื™ ื•ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื• ื ืคืฉื™;
ืœื ืฉืžื• ืืœืงื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ื ืกืœื”ืƒ
ื• ื”ื ื” ืืœืงื™ื ืขื–ืจ ืœื™; ืึพื“ื ื™ ื‘ืกืžื›ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ืƒ
ื– ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉื™ื‘) ื”ืจืข ืœืฉืจืจื™; ื‘ืืžืชืš ื”ืฆืžื™ืชืืƒ
ื— ื‘ื ื“ื‘ื” ืื–ื‘ื—ื” ืœืš; ืื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืš ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืƒ
ื˜ ื›ื™ ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื™; ื•ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ ืจืืชื” ืขื™ื ื™ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื ื“

The striking thing about this is that it seems to have nothing to do with the incident at hand. Itโ€™s a very short, general prayer. Rav Hirsch describes what it means to be ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ืช:

ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืณ ืกืจื” ืžืขื ืฉืื•ืœ; ื•ื‘ืขืชืชื• ืจื•ื— ืจืขื” ืžืืช ื”ืณืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœื™ื•: ื”ื ื” ื ื ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ืจืขื” ืžื‘ืขืชืšืƒ ื˜ื– ื™ืืžืจ ื ื ืื“ื ื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื“ืข ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ืจืขื” ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืšืƒ

ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•: ืจืื• ื ื ืœื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืชื ืืœื™ืƒ ื™ื— ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ ื™ื“ืข ื ื’ืŸ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืชืืจ; ื•ื”ืณ ืขืžื•ืƒ โ€ฆ ื›ื’ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ืืœืงื™ื ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœืงื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื ื•ืจ ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื•; ื•ืจื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื• ื•ืกืจื” ืžืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืขื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื˜ื–

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื—ื™ ื”ืณ ืฆื‘ึพืื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืœื•ืœื™ ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื ื™ ื ืฉื ืื ืื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœื™ืš ื•ืื ืืจืืšืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ืขืชื” ืงื—ื• ืœื™ ืžื ื’ืŸ; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื’ืŸ ื”ืžื ื’ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื“ ื”ืณืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึทืงึผื•ึผืง ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึดื’ึฐื™ึนื ื•ึนืชืƒ ื‘ ื”ืณ ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื™ึธืจึตืืชึดื™ ื”ืณ ืคึผึธืขึธืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท; ื‘ึผึฐืจึนื’ึถื– ืจึทื—ึตื ืชึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผื•ึนืจืƒ โ€ฆ ื™ื˜ ื”ืณ ืึฒึพื“ึนื ึธื™ ื—ึตื™ืœึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึถื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ ื›ึผึธืึทื™ึผึธืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธืžื•ึนืชึทื™ ื™ึทื“ึฐืจึดื›ึตื ึดื™; ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื’ึดื™ื ื•ึนืชึธื™ืƒ

ื—ื‘ืงื•ืง ืคืจืง ื’

ื ื’ื™ื ืช, the power of music, elevates both mind and emotions to Divine inspiration and this lends man the strength to overcome anything that might disturb his inner peace and serenity.

The Hirsch Psalms, IV

This is meant to be a ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ , a bit of practical advice, for dangerous situations where there isnโ€™t time for elaborate poetry or deep ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. Keep calm and pray for ื”ืณ's salvation.

Keep Calm and Carry On

The Zohar (ืชืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื”ืจ, ืชืงื•ื ื ืชืœื™ืกืจ, ื›ื—,ื) connects ื ื’ื™ื ืช with the ืกืคื™ืจื” of ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, or ื“ื™ืŸ. This is reflected here is Davidโ€™s exclusive use of the name ืืœืงื™ื, until the end when he acknowledges ื”ืณ's personal salvation with ืื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืš ื”ืณ.

And this little chapter does exemplify one aspect of all our ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช. It is divided into two parts, 3 psukim asking for help and 4 psukim thanking ื”ืณ for that help. The Rambam says that is part of what true prayer is:

ื‘ ืืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื ืื“ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื’ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉื•ืืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ื ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื”ืณ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื•, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื›ืคื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืƒ

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ื

Itโ€™s not clear where Rambam gets this halacha; the gemara merely makes an observation about the text of the amidah:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ื™ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืœื ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื“ืืดืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืžืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืคืจืก ืžืจื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืงื‘ืœ ืคืจืก ืžืจื‘ื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื•

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“,ื

Why turn this observation into a law?

There is, then, a fifth possibility [besides being explicit, derived from the text, ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืžื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, or ืกื‘ืจื] for sourcing a law in the Torah: If it is behavior which is modeled and/or sanctioned by the Torah. Even though that behavior might never be directed by Scripture, if it was exemplified by our ancestors and the Torah โ€œadoptsโ€ it by praising itโ€”or merely by including it in the narrativeโ€”this may be a source for Torah law.

Rabbi Yitzchak Etshalom, The Threefold Structure of Tโ€™fillah: Praise, Request and Thanks

The principle that ื‘ืงืฉื” has to be preceded by praise, we learn from Moshe:

ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืกื“ืจ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ืœืŸ ืžืžืฉื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’) ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืณ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืณ ืืœื”ื™ื ืืชื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื“ืš ืืช ื’ื“ืœืš ื•ืืช ื™ื“ืš ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืžืขืฉื™ืš ื•ื›ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืจื™ื” ืืขื‘ืจื” ื ื ื•ืืจืื” ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื•ืณ.

ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘,ื

But the principle that ื‘ืงืฉื” must be followed by thanks (even before the request is fulfilled) we learn from here.