It was pointed out last time how Saulโs ืืืืงืฉืื ืื ืืืืืโ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื) is ambiguous; ืืงืฉ (โwantedโ) can be positive or negative. The ืืขืช ืืงืจื points out that the word ืืงืฉ comes up a lot in Saulโs history, making this even more ironic. When Saul first met David, it was with ืืงืฉ:
ืื ืืจืื ืืณ ืกืจื ืืขื ืฉืืื; ืืืขืชืชื ืจืื ืจืขื ืืืช ืืณ. ืื ืืืืืจื ืขืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื: ืื ื ื ื ืจืื ืืืงืื ืจืขื ืืืขืชื. ืื ืืืืจ ื ื ืืื ื ื ืขืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืข ืื ืื ืืื ืืจ; ืืืื ืืืืืช ืขืืื ืจืื ืืืืื ืจืขื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื.
And when we first meet Saul, it is in the context of ืืงืฉ
ื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืืื (ืืื ืืืื) ืืฉืื ืงืืฉ ืื ืืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืจ ืื ืืืืจืช ืื ืืคืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ื; ืืืืจ ืืืื
ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ื; ืืฉืืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืื
ื ืืชืืืื ื ืืืชื ืืช ืืงืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืื; ืืืืืจ ืงืืฉ ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืงื ื ื ืืชื ืืช ืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืงืื ืื ืืงืฉ ืืช ืืืชื ืชื
And his life ends with a ืืงืฉื:
ื ืืืงืืฆื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ื; ืืืงืืฅ ืฉืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืขื
ื ืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืคืืฉืชืื; ืืืจื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื
ื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืณ ืืื ืขื ืื ืืณ ืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืื ืืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืขืืืื ืืงืฉื ืื ืืฉืช ืืขืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืฉื ืื; ืืืืืจื ืขืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืฉืช ืืขืืช ืืื ืืขืื ืืืจื
So this ืืงืฉื becomes a sort of leitwort in Saulโs life. It brings out the tragedy even more: he is always seeking something, never at peace.
Before we go on, I want to look at the rectitude of the people of Keilah in attempting to turn David over to Saul.
There are a few other examples of turning Jews over to the authorities in ืชื ืดื; one is ืฉืืฉืื, where the ืืืฉ ืืืืื did not turn him over involuntarily:
ื ืืืขืื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืื; ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืื
ื ืืืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืืชื ืขืืื ื; ืืืืืจื ืืืกืืจ ืืช ืฉืืฉืื ืขืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืื ืื
ืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืฉืช ืืืคืื ืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืื ืกืขืืฃ ืกืืข ืขืืื ืืืืืจื ืืฉืืฉืื ืืื ืืืขืช ืื ืืฉืืื ืื ื ืคืืฉืชืื ืืื ืืืช ืขืฉืืช ืื ื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืื ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืกืจื ืืจืื ื ืืชืชื ืืื ืคืืฉืชืื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืฉืืขื ืื ืคื ืชืคืืขืื ืื ืืชืื
ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืกืจ ื ืืกืจื ืื ืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืื ื ืืืชื; ืืืืกืจืื ืืฉื ืื ืขืืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืืขืืืื ืื ืืกืืขื
And the most relevant example, when ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื rebels against David:
ื ืืฉื ื ืงืจื ืืืฉ ืืืืขื ืืฉืื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืืื ื; ืืืชืงืข ืืฉืคืจ ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ื ืืืง ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืืื
ื ืืืขื ืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืจื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื; ืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืงื ืืืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืขื ืืจืืฉืืื
โฆ
ืื ืืืืื ืืืฆืจื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืฉืคืื ืกืืื ืื ืืขืืจ ืืชืขืื ืืื; ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืืืชื ืืืคืื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืชืงืจื ืืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืจ; ืฉืืขื ืฉืืขื ืืืจื ื ื ืื ืืืื ืงืจื ืขื ืื ื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืงืจื ืืืื ืืชืืืจ ืืืฉื ืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ื; ืืชืืืจ ืื ืฉืืข ืืืจื ืืืชื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืข ืื ืืื
ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืจ: ืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืจืืฉื ื ืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืื
ืื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืจืื; ืืชื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืืช ืขืืจ ืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืื ืชืืืข ื ืืืช ืืณื
ื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืืืจ: ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืข ืืื ืืฉืืืชื
ืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืฉ ืืืจ ืืคืจืื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชื ื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืืขืืจ; ืืชืืืจ ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืจืืฉื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืชืืื ืืืฉื ืื ืื ืืขื ืืืืืชื ืืืืจืชื ืืช ืจืืฉ ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชืงืข ืืฉืคืจ ืืืคืฆื ืืขื ืืขืืจ ืืืฉ ืืืืืื; ืืืืื ืฉื ืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืืื
This is taken as the correct ืืืื:
ืชื ื: ืกืืขืืช ืื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจื ืืคืืขื ืืื ืืืื
ืืืืจื ืชื ื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืจื ืื ื
ืืืจืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืคืืื ืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืื ืืืกืจื ื ืคืฉ
ืืืช ืืืฉืจืื. ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื ืืืกืจื
ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืจืื. ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืื ืฉืืื
ืืืื ืืืชื ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื. ืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืืฃ ืขื ืคื
ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื.
ืขืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืฉืจืื: ืชื ื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืจืื ื,
ืื ืืชื ื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืดื ืืืืืื ืืืืจื: ืชื ื ืื ื ืคืืื ื. (ืืฉื ื ืคืณ ืืณ ืืชืจืืืืช ืืืจืืืดื ืคืดื ืืืืืืช ืืกืืื
ืืชืืจื).
ืืืฉ ืืืืจืื ืืืคืืื ืืืืดื ืืื ืืืกืจื, ืืืดื ืืืื ืืืชื
ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืจื. (ืืดื ืืฉื ืจืฉืดื ืืจืดื)
But there is a qualification: the fugitive must be in the hands of the city; they cannot go out and capture him:
ืืืจ ืจืณ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืณ ืืืื ืฉืืื
ืืืคื ืื ืืื ืืืืืฅ ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืคื ืื ืืื
ืืืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืจื ืืื ื ืืจืืื ืืชื ืืื ืืื
ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืณ ืืชืื ืืืฉื ืื ืื
ืืขื ืืืืืชื ืืืืณ ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืจื
ืืืชื ื ืืจืืื ืชื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืชืืจืื ืืืืื.
So it would seem that the people of Keilah were technically correct in turning David over to Saul (or at least trying to). We will see the contrast with the people of Zipf coming up.
ืื ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื; ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฃ ืืืจืฉืื
The place he runs to, ืืืืจ ืืืฃ, is in the east of the territory of ืืืืื:
ื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืชื:
โฆ
ื ื ืืขืื ืืจืื ืืืืฃ ืืืืืื ื ื ืืืืจืขืื ืืืงืืขื ืืื ืืื ื ื ืืงืื ืืืขื ืืชืื ื; ืขืจืื ืขืฉืจ ืืืฆืจืืืื
We will see these places again as the story progresses.
ืื ืืืงื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืจืฉื; ืืืืืง ืืช ืืื ืืืืงืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืชืืจื ืื ืื ืชืืฆืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ื; ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืข ืืื
ืื ืืืืจืชื ืฉื ืืื ืืจืืช ืืคื ื ืืณ; ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืจืฉื ืืืืื ืชื ืืื ืืืืชืื
Now, Jonathan has sworn to a ืืจืืช twice before:
ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืชื ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืืืืชื ืืชื ืื ืคืฉืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืชื ืื ืืืโฆ
ืื ืืื ืื ืขืืื ื ืื; ืืื ืชืขืฉื ืขืืื ืืกื ืืณ ืืื ืืืืชื
ืื ืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืช ืืกืื ืืขื ืืืชื ืขื ืขืืื; ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืณ ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืขื ืคื ื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืชื ืขื ืืืช ืืื; ืืืงืฉ ืืณ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืชื ืืืฉืืืข ืืช ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืชื; ืื ืืืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืืืื
But this is different, since it is ืืคื ื ืืณ:
ืืคื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืชืืืื , ืื ืืืจืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืืณ
And here Jonathan explicitly vows to serve David. This is the point that he in fact betrays his father. ืืืดื saw this as an act of supreme humility on his part:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืฉื ืขื ืืืชื ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื(ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื) ืืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืืโฆืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืืงืืดื ืืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืชื ืชืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ื.
ืืืื? ืืืื ืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืจ ืขืืื ืืชืจ ืืื
The gemara does not answer its question, and none of the classical commentators say anything. But the ืืฉืืฆืืช ืืื offers an profound insight:
ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืจ, ืฉืจืื ืกืืจ ืฉืื ืืจืืืช ืืช ืืืฆื ืืืืืชืืืช, ืืืื ืจืง ืื ืฉืืฆืืืื ืืขื ืื. ืืืคืจื ืฉืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืืื ืฉืืคื ืืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืจืง ืืืฉื ื ืืืื, ืืืกืืื ืืืงืื ืืช ืืืืจ, ืื ืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืช ืืขื ืื ืฉืื.
ืื ืืืขืื ืืคืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืขืชื ืืืืจ: ืืืื ืืื ืืกืชืชืจ ืขืื ื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืจืฉื ืืืืขืช ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืื ืืืฉืืืืื
ื ืืขืชื ืืื ืืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืืื ืืจืืช ืจื; ืืื ื ืืกืืืจื ืืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืจืืืื ืืชื ืืืณ: ืื ืืืืชื ืขืืื
ืื ืืื ื ื ืืืื ื ืขืื ืืืขื ืืจืื ืืช ืืงืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืืื ืจืืื ืื ืจืืื ืฉื; ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืขืจืื ืืขืจื ืืืื
ืื ืืจืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืชืืื ืฉื ืืฉืืชื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืชืื; ืืืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืืืจืฅ ืืืคืฉืชื ืืชื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืืืื
As we said, the people of Ziph betrayed David when they were not being threatened. They were from Davidโs tribe but loyal to Saul (we will see members of Benjamin who came to join David as well). Saul tells them ืืืืชื ืขืื; he really sees himself as the wronged one here, just as he berated his own court (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื)โ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ื. His description of Davidโs cleverness, ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืขืจืื ืืขืจื ืืื, is left anonymous (who said it?):
ืื ืฉืืืจ
ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื
But the Radak attributes it to David himself:
ืืขืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืืืืชื ืฉืืืื ืืื
ืืื ืืื ืืคืืฉืชืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืจ ืืื, ืืืื ืืืืจ
ืื ืื ืขืจืื ืืขืจืื ืืื ืืืขืจืืืช ืืืชืชืืืืืช ืืื ืื ืขืืืื
ืฉืื ืืื ื ืฉืืจืื ืืื ื. ืื ืขืชื ืืื ืขืืฉื: ืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืืืงืื ืืื
ืืื ืฉื ืืงืฉ ืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืขื
ืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืจืื ืืืชืืื ืฉื.
ืื ืืืงืืื ืืืืื ืืืคื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืื ืืขืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืกืืข ืืืฉื ืืืืืจ ืืขืื; ืืืฉืืข ืฉืืื ืืืจืืฃ ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืขืืื
ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืืจ ืืื; ืืืื ืืื ื ืืคื ืืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืจืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืชืคืฉืื
ืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ: ืืืจื ืืืื ืื ืคืฉืื ืคืืฉืชืื ืขื ืืืจืฅื
ืื ืืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืจืืฃ ืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืคืืฉืชืื; ืขื ืื ืงืจืื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืกืืข ืืืืืงืืชื
ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืฉื; ืืืฉื ืืืฆืืืช ืขืื ืืืื
This is one of the few the only explicit miracles on Davidโs behalf in the entire ืกืคืจ (another is the victory over Goliath), and even this is a ื ืก ื ืกืชืจ, a โhiddenโ miracle that could easily be attributed to a lucky chance. That establishes one of the themes of Davidโs life: he is able to see the hand of ืืณ in everything, and that is the link between the David of ืฉืืืื and the David of ืชืืืืืโ. Ironically, we will see the only time with an explicit ื ืก ื ืืื,โ when ื ืื dies, allowing him to marry ืืืืืืโโ(ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ื ืื ืืืืชโDavid is led badly astray.
There a number of explanations of ืกืืข ืืืืืงืืช:
ืขื ืฉื ืื ืืืกืืข ืืืื (ืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืฆื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืณ ืืืืืจ ืืืขืื) ื ืืืงื ืื ืคืจืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืื , ืืขื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื.
ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืขื ืฉืื ืืฉื ืืืืื ื ืื ื ืคื ื ืืื ื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืงืืืืช, ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืืฆืื ืืฆืื ื ืืื ืฉืขื.
But I think the most profound explanation is Rashiโs: the ืืืืงืช was in Saulโs mind:
ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืืืง ืืฉืชื ืืขืืช , ืื ืืฉืื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืืจืฆื ืืื ืคืืฉืชืื , ืื ืืจืืืฃ ืืืชืคืืฉ ืืช ืืื , ืื ืชืจืืื ืืื ืชื.
There is a chapter of ืชืืืืืโ about this incident:
ื ืืื ืฆื ืื ืืื ืช ืืฉืืื ืืืืื
ื ืืื ืืืืคืื ืืืืืจื ืืฉืืื: ืืื ืืื ืืกืชืชืจ ืขืื ืื
ื ืืืงืื ืืฉืื ืืืฉืืขื ื; ืืืืืืจืชื ืชืืื ื ืื
ื ืืืงืื ืฉืืข ืชืคืืชื; ืืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืคืื
ื ืื ืืจืื ืงืื ืขืื ืืขืจืืฆืื ืืงืฉื ื ืคืฉื;
ืื ืฉืื ืืืงืื ืื ืืื ืกืืื
ื ืื ื ืืืงืื ืขืืจ ืื; ืึพืื ื ืืกืืื ื ืคืฉืื
ื ืืฉืื (ืืฉืื) ืืจืข ืืฉืจืจื; ืืืืชื ืืฆืืืชืื
ื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื; ืืืื ืฉืื ืืณ ืื ืืืื
ื ืื ืืื ืฆืจื ืืฆืืื ื; ืืืืืื ืจืืชื ืขืื ืื
The striking thing about this is that it seems to have nothing to do with the incident at hand. Itโs a very short, general prayer. Rav Hirsch describes what it means to be ืื ืืื ืช:
ืื ืืจืื ืืณ ืกืจื ืืขื ืฉืืื; ืืืขืชืชื ืจืื ืจืขื ืืืช ืืณื
ืื ืืืืืจื ืขืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื: ืื ื ื ื ืจืื ืืืงืื ืจืขื ืืืขืชืื
ืื ืืืืจ ื ื ืืื ื ื ืขืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืฉ ืืืข ืื ืื ืืื ืืจ; ืืืื ืืืืืช ืขืืื ืจืื ืืืงืื ืจืขื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืขืืืื: ืจืื ื ื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืืืืชื ืืืื
ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืจืืืชื ืื ืืืฉื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืืข ื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืฉ ืชืืจ; ืืืณ ืขืืื
โฆ
ืื ืืืื ืืืืืช ืจืื ืืืงืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืงื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืืจ ืื ืื ืืืื; ืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืกืจื ืืขืืื ืจืื ืืจืขืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉืข ืื ืืณ ืฆืึพืืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืืืชื ืืคื ืื ืื ืืืื ืคื ื ืืืืฉืคื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืืื
ืื ืืขืชื ืงืื ืื ืื ืื; ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืขืืื ืื ืืณื
ืชึผึฐืคึดืึผึธื ืึทืึฒืึทืงึผืึผืง ืึทื ึผึธืึดืื ืขึทื ืฉืึดืึฐืึนื ืึนืชื
ื ืืณ ืฉืึธืึทืขึฐืชึผึดื ืฉืึดืึฐืขึฒืึธ ืึธืจึตืืชึดื ืืณ ืคึผึธืขึธืึฐืึธ ืึผึฐืงึถืจึถื ืฉืึธื ึดืื ืึทืึผึตืืืึผ ืึผึฐืงึถืจึถื ืฉืึธื ึดืื ืชึผืึนืึดืืขึท; ืึผึฐืจึนืึถื ืจึทืึตื ืชึผึดืึฐืึผืึนืจื
โฆ
ืื ืืณ ืึฒึพืึนื ึธื ืึตืืึดื ืึทืึผึธืฉืึถื ืจึทืึฐืึทื ืึผึธืึทืึผึธืืึนืช ืึฐืขึทื ืึผึธืืึนืชึทื ืึทืึฐืจึดืึตื ึดื; ืึทืึฐื ึทืฆึผึตืึท ืึผึดื ึฐืึดืื ืึนืชึธืื
ื ืืื ืช, the power of music, elevates both mind and emotions to Divine inspiration and this lends man the strength to overcome anything that might disturb his inner peace and serenity.
This is meant to be a ืืฉืืื , a bit of practical advice, for dangerous situations where there isnโt time for elaborate poetry or deep ืืืื ื. Keep calm and pray for ืืณ's salvation.

The Zohar (ืชืงืื ื ืืืจ, ืชืงืื ื ืชืืืกืจ, ืื,ื) connects ื ืืื ืช with the ืกืคืืจื of ืืืืจื, or ืืื. This is reflected here is Davidโs exclusive use of the name ืืืงืื, until the end when he acknowledges ืืณ's personal salvation with ืืืื ืฉืื ืืณ.
And this little chapter does exemplify one aspect of all our ืชืคืืืืช. It is divided into two parts, 3 psukim asking for help and 4 psukim thanking ืืณ for that help. The Rambam says that is part of what true prayer is:
ื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆืื ืื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืชืคืื ืืืชืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืชืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืชื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืณ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืคืืข ืื, ืื ืืื ืืคื ืืืืื
Itโs not clear where Rambam gets this halacha; the gemara merely makes an observation about the text of the amidah:
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืฆืจืืื ืื ืืฉืืฉ ืจืืฉืื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืฆืขืืืช ืืืดืจ ืื ืื ื ืจืืฉืื ืืช ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืกืืจ ืฉืื ืืคื ื ืจืื ืืืฆืขืืืช ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืืงืฉ ืคืจืก ืืจืื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืืื ืืขืื ืฉืงืื ืคืจืก ืืจืื ืื ืคืืจ ืืืืื ืื
Why turn this observation into a law?
There is, then, a fifth possibility [besides being explicit, derived from the text, ืืืื ืืื ืืกืื ื, or ืกืืจื] for sourcing a law in the Torah: If it is behavior which is modeled and/or sanctioned by the Torah. Even though that behavior might never be directed by Scripture, if it was exemplified by our ancestors and the Torah โadoptsโ it by praising itโor merely by including it in the narrativeโthis may be a source for Torah law.
The principle that ืืงืฉื has to be preceded by praise, we learn from Moshe:
ืืจืฉ ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืขืืื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืงืืดื ืืืืจ ืื ืืชืคืื ืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืืชืื (ืืืจืื ื) ืืืชืื ื ืื ืืณ ืืขืช ืืืื ืืืชืื ืืณ ืืืืื ืืชื ืืืืืช ืืืจืืืช ืืช ืขืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืงื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืขืฉื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืืืจืืชืื ืืืชืื ืืชืจืื ืืขืืจื ื ื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืืื ืืืืณ.
But the principle that ืืงืฉื must be followed by thanks (even before the request is fulfilled) we learn from here.