Going back to the birth of Shlomo, we note a קרי/כתיב between ויקרא and וַתִּקְרָא:
ותקרא, ”she called“, is presumably Bat Sheva. Who is the subject of ויקרא, ”he called“? I would have said that it is David, but that’s not what David himself tells Shlomo:
So evidently David had some sense that his child, the one who would carry out his legacy and build the בית המקדש, would be named שלמה. It’s not so much a name as a title, as we see with חזקיהו:
So David has a נבואה that he would have a son who would merit being called שלמה, the “prince of peace”, the representative of הקב״ה:
So after וַיְנַחֵם דָּוִד אֵת בַּת שֶׁבַע, she says that this baby (unlike the previous four who have not survived) will be the שְׁלֹמֹה. And ה׳ sends נתן to confirm this, so David gives the name יְדִידְיָהּ, ”Beloved of G-d“:
And this name also represents Shlomo’s role:
This is the first time we see Bat Sheva taking an active role in the narrative. And it sets up the next time we see her, when she reminds David of what Shlomo really means:
This story is the first and the last time we will see Shlomo in ספר שמואל. His story is told in ספר מלכים. But there are two chapters of תהילים that are titled “לשלמה”. All the מפרשים understand לשלמה to mean “dedicated to שלמה” rather than “written by שלמה”:
The other one is not about building the בית המקדש but about being a king, a מלך ישראל:
(We looked at Shlomo’s request (מלכים א ג:ט) ונתת לעבדך לב שמע לשפט את עמך להבין בין טוב לרע last time.)
This dialectic between משפט and צדקה summed up David’s reign:
And that really is what David’s rule was about. The abuse of power that the story of Bat Sheva represents is an aberration, but the nature of ספרי נבואה is to emphasize the rebuke, not the praise. We’ve said many times, ספר תהילים represents the true דוד המלך. But to be a true ממלכה, need peaceful transfer of power. ה׳ has to grant wisdom למלך and לבן מלך. Only then can the בית המקדש be built, and we can achieve אחרית הימים:
David only gets part way:
It is Shlomo who fulfills the verse:
The מלך of this chapter has to judge ענייך במשפט. Rav Hirsch makes an important point:
And that expresses the dialectic between משפט and צדקה. All must be equal before the law; משפט treats everyone the same, but צדקה needs to be in response to individual needs.
The perek continues to discuss the מלך's justice:
Rashi understands ישאו הרים literally:
But that doesn’t fit the context. Sforno takes it metaphorically. הרים and גבעות are the people in power, the bureaucrats who implement the king’s laws:
עם שמש and לפני ירח means “forever”:
This is a reference to Moshe’s final speech:
And the psalmist continues to allude to האזינו:
זרזיף is a hapax legomenon:
עד בלי ירח is an odd phrase; it may be a poetic rewording of לפני ירח, still meaning “forever”:
But חז״ל read it midrashically, as an anticipation of the downfall of מלכות בית דוד:
The psalmist then turns to the king’s foreign policy:
And this literally happened in the days of Shlomo:
However, the point of this perek is that the foreign nations will respect him, not for his military prowess, but for his justice:
Then the perek turns to the riches of the kingdom:
ינון is a poetic term for children:
And that, technically, is the end of the perek. The last three psukim are a coda to the ספר as a whole (this is the end of book 2 of תהילים):
Each book of תהילים ends with a long poetic “אמן”:
And it says כלו תפלות דוד בן ישי, which is hard to understand, since we still have half of ספר תהילים to go. One interpretation is that all the psalms that have a כותרת that refers to specific events (or almost all; there’s one exception) are in this half:
Or we could look at this perek specifically as the summation of all David’s hopes and prayers. Everything he believes in, everything he has striven for, are invested in Shlomo, his son:
Getting back to our story, ספר שמואל continues with the end of the war that has been the background to the episode of David and Bat Sheva:
We dealt with Yoav’s war on Ammon before, and its connection to the story of Bat Sheva. We mentioned that in דברי הימים there is no mention of Bat Sheva, and David’s mistake is entirely ודוד יושב בירושלם, that he does not act as a king and lead the people in this war. We also mentioned that most מפרשים understand ואת העם אשר בה הוציא וישם במגרה to refer to torture, but I would understand it as refering to David’s using the prisoners of war as slaves:
Based on the way it is presented in דברי הימים, I would assume that this final battle was shortly after Uriah was killed, well before the birth of the first child and certainly before the birth of Shlomo. I assume it is here in ספר שמואל because the author wanted to complete the Bat Sheva story first.
Now, I want to focus on that crown. Why do I care so much about the royal crown of Amon? The gemara says we are misreading עטרת מלכם:
Why would the gemara ask מי שרי? Why would the spoils of war be forbidden? That’s because מלכם doesn’t mean “their king”; it means “Molech”:
And איתי הגיתי, as a non-Jew, can declare an object of עבודה זרה to no longer be an object of worship (ואכמ״ל), so David can now use it. The gemara is then bothered by the weight of this crown: a ככר is 30 kilograms.How could anyone wear anything that heavy on their head?
So David took this crown of עבודה זרה, and instead of using the money as he did with all the other spoils of war (שמואל ב ח:יא-יב) …מארם וממואב ומבני עמון ומפלשתים ומעמלק…,he keeps it hanging above his throne. And this crown would continue to be a symbol of מלכות בית דוד:
So this crown, taken from an idol, has a bar going through it that was supposed to go through the head of a true king from מלכות בית דוד. That’s just weird. I would propose looking at this seriously but not literally. Rav Yitzchok Zilberstein says that David specifically wanted to “purify” this עבודה זרה:
I suggest that there was an important lesson in having the crown of Molech hanging over the throne of the king, and having “go through the head” of every king of Israel. The service of Molech was child sacrifice:
And child sacrifice has a history in תנ״ך; we all know the story of the עקידה, and the story of Yiftach’s daughter:
The midrash compares Yiftach’s daughter to other episodes of giving up one’s children to ה׳. There’s a right way and a wrong way to do it:
The idea that Yaakov “tithed” his children, giving Levi to ה׳, is interesting:
And, of course, Avraham does give his son Yitzchak to ה׳. But it’s never literally a sacrifice; it means dedication to a life of service to ה׳. We all have to be able to “give up” our children that way; they don’t exist to fulfill our needs. And as we’ve discussed many times before, that’s even more important for the king. מלכות can’t be about power; it’s about being a slave to the people.
And the children of a slave belong to the master:
The lesson of עטרת מלכם that has to go through the heads of מלכי בית דוד is that the king is a slave to ה׳ and to the people, and that his children as well belong to them. And that’s a lesson that Shlomo’s son failed to learn, and led to the loss of the kingdom 2 generations hence:
The Romans had the myth of the sword of Damocles, about the dangers of wealth and power. The crown of Molech hanging over the heads of the kings of Israel was a reminder of the responsibilities.