Going back to the birth of Shlomo, we note a קך×/×ת×× between ×××§×š× and ×ַת֌֎קְך֞×:
×× ×Ö·×Ö°× Ö·×Öµ× ×֌֞×ÖŽ× ×ֵת ×֌ַת ש×Ö¶×Ö·×¢ ×֎ש×ְת֌×Ö¹ ×Ö·×֌֞×Ö¹× ×Öµ×Ö¶××Öž ×Ö·×֌֎ש×Ö°×ÖŒÖ·× ×¢ÖŽ×֌֞×ÖŒ; ×ַת֌ֵ×Ö¶× ×ÖŒÖµ× ×××§×š× (×ַת֌֎קְך֞×) ×ֶת ש×Ö°××Ö¹ ש×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹× ×Ö·×׳ ×Ö²×Öµ××Ö¹×
×× ×Ö·×֌֎ש×Ö°×Ö·× ×֌ְ×Ö·× × Öž×ªÖž× ×Ö·× ÖŒÖž×ÖŽ×× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖŽ×§Ö°×šÖž× ×ֶת ש×Ö°××Ö¹ ×Ö°×ÖŽ××Ö°×Öž×ÖŒ ×֌ַעֲ××֌ך ×׳×
×תקך×, âshe calledâ, is presumably Bat Sheva. Who is the subject of ××קך×, âhe calledâ? I would have said that it is David, but thatâs not what David himself tells Shlomo:
× ××××ך ×××× ×ש×××; ×× × (×× ×) ×× × ××× ×¢× ×××× ××× ×ת ××ת ××©× ×׳ ××ק××
× ×××× ×¢×× ××ך ×׳ ×××ך ×× ××š× ×©×€×ת ××××××ת ××××ת עש×ת; ×× ×ª×× × ××ת ×ש×× ×× ×××× ×š××× ×©×€×ת ××š×Š× ××€× ××
× ×× × ×× × ××× ×× ××× ×××× ××ש ×× ××× ××× ××××ª× ×× ××× ×××××× ×ס×××; ×× ×©××× ×××× ×©×× ×ש××× ××©×§× ××ª× ×¢× ×שך×× ××××××
× ××× ××× × ××ת ×ש×× ×××× ×××× ×× ××× ××× × ×× ×××; ××××× ××ª× ××¡× ×××××ª× ×¢× ×שך×× ×¢× ×¢××××
×× ×¢×ª× ×× × ××× ×׳ ×¢××; ××׊××ת ××× ×ת ××ת ×׳ ××ק×× ××שך ××ך ×¢××××
×× ×× ×׊×× × ×©××ך ×× ××©× ××× ××× ××ך ×× ×××× ×× ××€× × ×× ×× ×¢×× ××©× ××× ×ת ×××ת, ×× × ×ª× ×× ××× ××ך ×× ×× ×××¢×€×Ž× ×©×× × ××ª× ×ס׀ך ש×××× × ××Š× ××××× ×š××× ××× (××ך×× ×:××) ×ַתֹ֌××ְך×ÖŒ × ÖŽ×©Ö°××Ö°×Öž× ×Ö²× Öž×©ÖŽ×××.
So evidently David had some sense that his child, the one who would carry out his legacy and build the ××ת ××ק×ש, would be named ש×××. Itâs not so much a name as a title, as we see with ××ק×××:
×× ××× ××× ×× × ×× × ×ª× ×× × ×ת×× ×××©×š× ×¢× ×©×××; ×××§×š× ×©×× ×€×× ×××¢×¥ ×ÖŸ× ×××ך ××× ×¢× ×©×š ש××××
×××§×š× ×©×× ×ק×׎×, ש××× ××€××× ×¢×Š× ××× ×××ך ×××× ×¢×, ×§×š× ×©×× ×©× ××ק××× âשך ש×××â ×× ×©××× ×××ת ×××× ×××××.
So David has a × ×××× that he would have a son who would merit being called ש×××, the âprince of peaceâ, the representative of ×ק×׎×:
ש×ך ×ש×ך×× ×שך ×ש×××: ×©× × ×š××ת×× × ×× ×©×××âŠ××××ך×× ×ש×ך ×ש×ך×× ×§×ש ××× ×©×ש××× ×©××.
So after ×Ö·×Ö°× Ö·×Öµ× ×֌֞×ÖŽ× ×ֵת ×֌ַת ש×Ö¶×Ö·×¢, she says that this baby (unlike the previous four who have not survived) will be the ש×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹×. And ×׳ sends × ×ª× to confirm this, so David gives the name ×Ö°×ÖŽ××Ö°×Öž×ÖŒ, âBeloved of G-dâ:
×××§×š× ×ת ש×× ×©×××: ×× ×ת××. ××§×š× â×תקך×â. ××ת×× ×××ך ×× ×ק××ש ×ך×× ××× ×§×š× ×××ª× ×©××× ××× ×©××ך ××××š× ××××× ×©××ך ×¢××× ×××âŠ×× ×©××× ×××× ×©×× ×ש××× ××©×§× ××ª× ×¢× ×שך×× ××××× âŠ××§×š× â×תקך×â ×ת ש××¢ קך×× ×©×× ×©××× ××× ×©××ך ×× ××× ××©× ×× ×××âŠ××× ×©××ך â×××§×š× ×ת ש×× ××××××â ××× ×§×š× ×©×× ×××××× ×ע׊×× ××€× ×©××ך ×× ×× ××× ×× ×׳ ××××.
And this name also represents Shlomoâs role:
××× ×××× ×× ×××× ×××× × ×××× ××××× ××××§× ×©× ×××× ××ת××€×š× ×× ××××××. â××× ××××â, ×× ×©××× ××××, ××ת×× ×Ö·×֌֎ש×Ö°×Ö·× ×֌ְ×Ö·× × Öž×ªÖž× ×Ö·× ÖŒÖž×ÖŽ×× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖŽ×§Ö°×šÖž× ×ֶת ש×Ö°××Ö¹ ×Ö°×ÖŽ××Ö°×Öž×ÖŒ ×֌ַעֲ××֌ך ×׳.
â×× ××××â, ×× ××ך××, ××ת×× (×ך×××× ××:××) ×Ö¶× ×ÖŽ××ÖŽ××ÖŽ× ×Ö°ÖŒ×Öµ×ת֎×. â×××× × ××××â, ×× ××ת ××ק×ש, ××ת×× (ת××××× ×€×:×) ×Ö·× ×Ö°ÖŒ×ÖŽ×××ֹת ×֎שְ××Ö°ÖŒ× ×ֹתֶ××Öž. â×××××â, ×× ×ק×׎×, ××ת×× (×שע××× ×:×) ×֞ש֎×××šÖž× × ÖžÖŒ× ×ÖŽ××ÖŽ××ÖŽ×. â××××§× ×©× ××××â, ×× ×× ××××, ×©× ××ך (××ך×× ××:××) ×Ö°×ÖŽ× Ö°×Öž×ÖŽ× ×Öž×ַך ×Ö°×ÖŽ×× ×׳ ×֎שְ××Ö¹ÖŒ× ×Öž×Ö¶×Ö·× ×¢Öž×Öž××. â××ת××€×š× ×× ××××××â ××× ×שך×× ××ת×× (×ך×××× ××:×) × Öž×ªÖ·×ªÖŽÖŒ× ×ֶת ×Ö°×ÖŽ××֌ת × Ö·×€Ö°×©ÖŽ×× ×Ö°ÖŒ×Ö·×£ ×Ö¹×Ö°×Ö¶××Öž.
This is the first time we see Bat Sheva taking an active role in the narrative. And it sets up the next time we see her, when she reminds David of what Shlomo really means:
×× ××ª×§× ×ת ש××¢ ×תשת×× ××××; ××××ך ×××× ×× ××× ×× ×ת××ך ×× ××× × ××ª× × ×©×עת ××׳ ××ק×× ××××ª× ×× ×©××× ×× × ×××× ××ך×; ×××× ××©× ×¢× ×ס×××
This story is the first and the last time we will see Shlomo in ס׀ך ש××××. His story is told in ס׀ך ×××××. But there are two chapters of ת××××× that are titled â×ש×××â. All the ×׀ךש×× understand ×ש××× to mean âdedicated to ש×××â rather than âwritten by ש×××â:
××¢××ך ש××× ××× â××××× ××ךâ. ××× ×ש×ך ×××š× ××× ×××ש×ךך×× ×¢× ×©××× ××שך ××€×¥ ××× ××× ×ת ××ת ××©× ×××ª× ×× × ×ª× ×× ×©××× ×× × ××× × ×âŠ
One of those weâve looked at before:
× ×©×ÖŽ×ך ×Ö·×֌ַעֲ××ֹת ×֎ש×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹×;
×ÖŽ× ×׳ ×Ö¹× ×ÖŽ×Ö°× Ö¶× ×Ö·×֎ת ש×Öž×Ö°× ×¢Öž×Ö°××ÖŒ ××Ö¹× Öž×× ×ÖŒ×Ö¹;
×ÖŽ× ×׳ ×Ö¹× ×֎ש×Ö°×֞ך ×¢ÖŽ×ך ש×Öž×Ö°× ×©×Öž×§Ö·× ×©××Ö¹×ֵך×
× ×©×Öž×Ö°× ×Öž×Ö¶× ×ַש×Ö°×֌֎××Öµ× ×§×ÖŒ× ×Ö°×Ö·×Ö²×šÖµ× ×©×Ö¶×ֶת
×Ö¹×Ö°×Öµ× ×Ö¶×Ö¶× ×֞עֲ׊֞×ÖŽ××;
×ÖŒÖµ× ×ÖŽ×ªÖŒÖµ× ×ÖŽ××ÖŽ×××Ö¹ ש×Öµ× Öž××
The other one is not about building the ××ת ××ק×ש but about being a king, a ××× ×שך××:
× ×ש×××; ××ק×× ×ש׀××× ×××× ×ª×; ×׊××§×ª× ××× ××××
× ×××× ×¢×× ×׊×ק; ××¢× ××× ××ש׀××
×ש×××: ת׀×× ×× ××¡× ××× ×¢×³×³× ×¢×ª ××××× ×ת ש××× ×× ×.
×ש×××: ×¢× ×©××× ×× × ×ת׀×× ×ª×€×× ×× ×©×Š×€× ×ך×׎ק ש××× ×¢×ª×× ×ש××× ××ת ×ק××Ž× ×× ××××× ×ש×××¢ ×ש׀×.
(We looked at Shlomoâs request (××××× × ×:×)â ×× ×ª×ª ××¢××× ×× ×©××¢ ××©×€× ×ת ×¢×× ××××× ××× ××× ×ךע last time.)
This dialectic between ××©×€× and ׊××§× summed up Davidâs reign:
××××× ××× ×¢× ×× ×שך××; ×××× ××× ×¢×©× ××©×€× ×׊××§× ××× ×¢×××
And that really is what Davidâs rule was about. The abuse of power that the story of Bat Sheva represents is an aberration, but the nature of ×¡×€×š× × ×××× is to emphasize the rebuke, not the praise. Weâve said many times, ס׀ך ת××××× represents the true ××× ××××. But to be a true ×××××, need peaceful transfer of power. ×׳ has to grant wisdom ×××× and ××× ×××. Only then can the ××ת ××ק×ש be built, and we can achieve ××ך×ת ×××××:
× ××¢××š×ª× ×ת ××ך×× ××ש××ª× ××ךץ ×שך ×׳ ××ק××× ×× ××× ×ת××; ××× ×× ××× ××× ×××××× ×ס××× ××ש××ª× ××××
×× ×××× ××ק×× ×שך ×××ך ×׳ ××ק××× ×× ×ש×× ×©×× ×©× ×©×× ×ª×××× ×ת ×× ×שך ×× ×× ×׊×× ×ת××; ×¢××ת××× ××××××× ×עשךת××× ×תך×ת ×××× ××× ×××ך × ×ך××× ×שך ת××š× ××׳×
David only gets part way:
×××× ×× ××©× ×××× ×××ת×; ××׳ ×× ×× ×× ×ס××× ××× ××××××
It is Shlomo who fulfills the verse:
× ×× ××× ×š×× ××× ×¢×ך ×× ×ך ××ª×€×¡× ××¢× ×¢×× ××× ×××× ×¢×ך ×× ×ך; ×ש××× ××× ×× ××× ×¢×ך×× ×ס××××
× ×××©× ××××× ××שך×× ×××× ××ש ת×ת ××€× × ×ת×ת ת×× ×ª× ××× ××¢× ××ך ש××¢ ×× ××× ×©××××
The ××× of this chapter has to judge ×¢× ××× ××ש׀×. Rav Hirsch makes an important point:
×¢× ××× (Verse 2) is not synonymous to ×¢× ×× ×¢× (Verse 4). ×¢× ×× ×¢× are those who are in want due to faulty social conditions which came about through general disregard of human rights or of manâs duty to his fellowsâŠ×¢× ×××,â ×¢× ×× ×׳, however, are those who are poor as part of the natural order of things as decreed and guided by G-d Himself.
×ÖŽÖŒ× ×Ö¹× ×Ö¶×Ö°×Ö·ÖŒ× ×Ö¶×Ö°××Ö¹× ×ÖŽ×§Ö¶ÖŒ×šÖ¶× ×Öž×֞ךֶץ; ×¢Ö·× ×ÖµÖŒ× ×Öž× Ö¹×ÖŽ× ×ְ׊ַ×Ö°ÖŒ×Öž ×Öµ××ֹך ׀֞֌תֹ×Ö· ×ªÖŽÖŒ×€Ö°×ªÖ·ÖŒ× ×ֶת ×Öž×Ö°×Öž ×Ö°×Öž×ÖŽ××Öž ×Ö·×¢Ö²× ÖŽ×Ö¶ÖŒ×Öž ×ÖŒ×Ö°×Ö¶×Ö°×Ö¹× Ö°×Öž ×Ö°ÖŒ×ַךְ׊ֶ×Öž×
The term âwealthâ as used here is to be understood in its broadest interpretation, namely, to include not only material possessions, but spiritual gifts and values as wellâŠ[T]he ideal of the equal distribution of wealth is an idle dream that is at variance with conditions as they really are. For it would presuppose universal equality of intellectual ability, physical strength and potentialitiesâŠ[A]ll of us are ×¢× ×× ×׳.
When Thomas JeffersonâŠwrote âall men are created equal,â [he meant m]en were equal before G-d. Each person is precious in and of himself. He has unalienable rights, rights that no one else is entitled to invade. He is entitled to serve his own purposes and not to be treated simply as an instrument to promote someone elseâs purposes. âLibertyâ is part of the definition of equality, not in conflict with it.
In the year 2081, the 211th, 212th, and 213th amendments to the Constitution dictate that all Americans are fully equal and not allowed to be smarter, better-looking, or more physically able than anyone else. The Handicapper Generalâs agents enforce the equality laws, forcing citizens to wear âhandicapsâ: masks for those who are too beautiful, loud radios that disrupt thoughts inside the ears of intelligent people, and heavy weights for the strong or athletic.
And that expresses the dialectic between ××©×€× and ׊×ק×.â All must be equal before the law; ××©×€× treats everyone the same, but ׊××§× needs to be in response to individual needs.
×Ö¹× ×ªÖ·×¢Ö²×©××ÖŒ ×¢Öž×Ö¶× ×Ö·ÖŒ×֎֌שְ××€ÖžÖŒ× ×Ö¹× ×ªÖŽ×©ÖžÖŒ×× ×€Ö°× Öµ× ×Öž× ×Ö°×Ö¹× ×ªÖ¶×Ö°×ַ֌ך ×€Ö°ÖŒ× Öµ× ×Öž××Ö¹×; ×ְ֌׊ֶ×ֶק ת֎֌שְ××€Ö¹ÖŒ× ×¢Ö²×ÖŽ×תֶ×Öž×
The perek continues to discuss the ×××'s justice:
× ×ש×× ×ך×× ×©××× ××¢×; ××××¢×ת ×׊×ק××
× ××©×€× ×¢× ×× ×¢× ××ש××¢ ××× × ×××××; ××××× ×¢×שק×
× ××ך××× ×¢× ×©×ש; ×××€× × ××š× ××ך ××ך×××
Rashi understands ×ש×× ×ך×× literally:
ש××× ××¢×: ×××× ×ש××× ×©××ך×× × ×ש××× ×ש×× ×¢×ש×× ×€×ך×ת ××× ×¢×× ××ך××ת ×Š×š× ×ק××š× ××ש ×ךע×× ×× ×ª×ת ××€× ××× ×ª×ת ת×× ×.
But that doesnât fit the context. Sforno takes it metaphorically. ×ך×× and ×××¢×ת are the people in power, the bureaucrats who implement the kingâs laws:
×ש×× ×ך×× ×©××× ××¢×: ×× ××× × ××שת×××ת ×××× ×ש××
ך××©× ××¢× ×©××× ××××× ×××××× ××× ×××
××¢×©×§× ××ת×.
×¢× ×©×ש and ××€× × ××š× means âforeverâ:
××ך××× ×¢× ×©×ש: ××× × ××××× ×שך×× ××ך×× ×××ª× ×× ××× ×ש×ש ××××š× ×××ך ××ך××.
This is a reference to Mosheâs final speech:
××××× × ×ש××× ××××ך×;
×תש××¢ ××ךץ ×××š× ×€××
×Ö°×Öž×ÖŒÖž× ×Öµ×¢ÖŽ×× ×֌֞×Ö¶× ×©×Öž×Ö·×ÖŽ× ×Öž×֞ךֶץ?âŠ×Öµ×¢ÖŽ×× ×֌֞×Ö¶× ×©×Öž×Ö·×ÖŽ× ×Öž×֞ךֶץ â ×¢Öµ×ÖŽ×× ×©×Ö¶×Öµ× ×§Ö·×֌֞×ÖŽ×× ×Ö°×¢×Ö¹×Öž×.
And the psalmist continues to allude to ××××× ×:
× ××š× ×××ך ×¢× ××; ×ך××××× ×ך×××£ ×ךץ×
× ××€×š× ××××× ×Š××ק; ××š× ×©××× ×¢× ××× ×ך××
×עךף ×××ך ×ק××
ת×× ××× ××ךת×
×שע××š× ×¢×× ×ש×
××ך××××× ×¢×× ×¢×©××
×¢× ××: ×¢× ×ךק ×× ××× ×©××× ×€××ª× ×€×× ×××××¢ ×××ךâŠ×š×³×³× ש×××× ×ª×©×ק×ת××× ×ש×××¢ ×××¡×š× ×תש×קת ×עש××× ×ק×× ×××ך, ××׳׳ש ×עךף ×××ך ×ק××.
×ך×××£ is a hapax legomenon:
×ך×××£: ××× ××ך××¢ ××ת××ת ××× ×š××¢ ××. ×××¢××: ך××× ×× ×©×××¢.
×¢× ××× ××š× is an odd phrase; it may be a poetic rewording of ××€× × ×ך×, still meaning âforeverâ:
××× ×ך×: ××××ך ×× ××× ×©××¢××× ×§×××.
But ×××Ž× read it midrashically, as an anticipation of the downfall of ××××ת ××ת ×××:
×Ö·×Ö¹×Ö¶×©× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖ¶× ×Öž×Ö¶×, ×Ö²×Öž× ××ÖŒ× ×ÖŽ×ְת֎×× (ת×××× ×¢×:×): ×ÖŽ×€Ö°×šÖ·× ×֌ְ×Öž×Öž×× ×ŠÖ·×֌֎×ק ×Ö°×šÖ¹× ×©×Öž××Ö¹× ×¢Ö·× ×֌ְ×ÖŽ× ×֞ךֵ×Ö·, ×¢Ö·× ×©×Ö¶×Ö¹× ××ֹ׊֎×× ×ַק֌֞××Ö¹×©× ×֌֞ך×ÖŒ×Ö° ××ÖŒ× ×ֶת ×֎ש×ְך֞×Öµ× ×ÖŽ×֌֎׊ְךַ×ÖŽ× ×֌ְךֶ×Ö¶× ××Ö¹×ÖŽ××¢Ö· ×Öž×Ö¶× ×©×Ö¶×Öµ×× ×Ö·×֌ַ×Ö°××֌ת ×֌֞×Öž× ×Öž×Ö¶× ×¢Ö·× ×©×Ö°×ש×ÖŽ×× ×ÖŒ×ֹךâŠ×Ö·×Ö¹×Ö¶×©× ×©×Ö°×ש×ÖŽ×× ××Ö¹×, ×ÖŒ×Ö·×Ö°××֌ת ש×Ö¶×֌֞×Ö¶× ×©×Ö°×ש×ÖŽ×× ×ÖŒ×ֹך. ×Ö·×֌ְ×Öž× Öž× ×֌֞ך֎×ש××Ö¹× ×©×Ö¶× × ÖŽ××¡Öž× ×ַתְ×Ö¶×ֶת ×Ö°×Öž×ÖŽ×ך, ×Ö°×Öž× ×©×Ö¶×ÖŽ×× ××Ö¹×Ö¶×ֶת ×Ö°×ÖŽ××šÖž× ×¢Ö·× ×Ö²×֎ש֌×Öž× ×¢Öž×©×֞ך ×Öž×ÖŽ××, ×Ö°×֎סְק×ֹס ש×Ö¶×֌֞×ÖŒ ×֎תְ×Ö·×֌ֵ×, ×ÖŒ×Öµ×Ö²×֎ש֌×Öž× ×¢Öž×©×֞ך ×¢Ö·× ×©×Ö°×ש×ÖŽ×× ××ֹך ש×Ö¶×֌֞×ÖŒ ×֞סֵך, ×֌֎ש×Ö°×ש×ÖŽ×× ×Öµ×× Öž×ÖŒ × ÖŽ×šÖ°×Öµ×ת. ×֌֞×Ö° ×֎ש×ְך֞×Öµ× ×Ö²×֎ש֌×Öž× ×¢Öž×©×֞ך ××ֹך ×ÖŽ× ×Ö·×ְך֞×Öž× ×Ö°×¢Ö·× ×©×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹×. ×Ö·×ְך֞×Öž× ×֎תְ×ÖŽ×× ×Ö°×Öž×ÖŽ×ךâŠ×֌ֵ××Öž× ×©×Ö¶×ÖŒÖž× ×©×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹× × ÖŽ×ªÖ°×Ö·×ÖŒÖµ× ×֎סְק×ֹס ש×Ö¶× ×Ö°×Öž× Öž×âŠ×֎ש֌×Öž× ×֎תְ×ÖŽ×××ÖŒ ×Ö·×Ö°×Öž×ÖŽ×× ×€ÖŒ×Ö¹×ֲת֎×× ×Ö°××Ö¹×Ö°×ÖŽ××âŠ×֌ֵ××Öž× ×©×Ö¶×ÖŒÖž× ×ŠÖŽ×ְק֎×֌֞××ÖŒâŠ×֞סַך ××ֹך֞×ÖŒ ש×Ö¶× ×Ö°×Öž× Öž×âŠ×ÖŽ× ××ֹת֞×ÖŒ ש×Öž×¢Öž× ×Ö°×¢Ö·× ×¢Ö·×ªÖŒÖž× ×ÖŽ× ×¢×ֹש×Ö¶× ×©×Öž××Ö¹× ×Ö°×֎ש×ְך֞×Öµ×, ×׳, ש×Ö¶× ÖŒÖ¶×Ö±×ַך (××××ך ×:××): ×֎ש֌×ÖžÖ¹× ×׳ ×€ÖŒÖž× Öž×× ×Öµ×Ö¶××Öž ×Ö°×֞ש×Öµ× ×Ö°×Öž ש×Öž××Ö¹×.
The psalmist then turns to the kingâs foreign policy:
× ×××š× ××× ×¢× ××; ××× ×ך ×¢× ××€×¡× ×ךץ×
× ××€× ×× ×××š×¢× ×Š×××; ×××××× ×¢×€×š ××××××
× ×××× ×ª×š×©×ש ××××× ×× ×× ×ש×××;
×××× ×©×× ×ס×× ×ש×ך ×קך××××
×× ××שת××× ×× ×× ×××××; ×× ×××× ××¢××××××
And this literally happened in the days of Shlomo:
× ××××ת ש×× ×©×עת ×ת ש××¢ ש××× ××©× ×׳; ×ת×× ×× ×¡×ª× ×××××ת×
× ×ת×× ×ך×ש××× ×××× ××× ××× ××××× × ×©××× ×ש××× ×××× ×š× ××× ×××× ×קך×; ×ת×× ×× ×©××× ×ת××ך ×××× ×ת ×× ×שך ××× ×¢× ×××××
However, the point of this perek is that the foreign nations will respect him, not for his military prowess, but for his justice:
×× ×× ×׊×× ××××× ×ש××¢; ××¢× × ×××× ×¢×ך ×××
×× ××ס ×¢× ×× ××××××; ×× ×€×©×ת ××××× ×× ××ש××¢×
×× ×ת×× ××××ס ×××× × ×€×©×; ×××קך ××× ××¢×× ×××
×× ×××× ×××ª× ×× ×××× ×©××;
××ת׀×× ××¢×× ×ª×××; ×× ×××× ××ך×× ×××
Then the perek turns to the riches of the kingdom:
×× ××× ×€×¡×ª ×ך ××ךץ ×ך×ש ×ך××;
×ךעש ×××× ×× ×€×š××; ××׊××Š× ××¢×ך ××¢×©× ××ךץ×
×× ××× ×©×× ××¢××× ××€× × ×©×ש ×× ×× (×× ××) ש××;
××ת×ך×× ××; ×× ×××× ××שך××××
׀סת: ׀ש××× ×©× ×ך, ××× (×××§×š× ××:××) ×Ö°×ÖŽ× ×€ÖžÖŒ×©Ö¹×× ×ªÖŽ×€Ö°×©Ö¶××.
×× ×× is a poetic term for children:
×Ö°×¢Ö·×ªÖžÖŒ× ×֎ש֞֌××Ö°×¢Öž× ×ÖŽÖŒ× ×Öµ××ֹק֎×× ×Öµ× ÖžÖŒ× ×ÖŽ× ×ªÖŽÖŒ×©Ö°×קֹך ×ÖŽ× ×ÖŒ×Ö°× ÖŽ×× ÖŽ× ×ÖŒ×Ö°× Ö¶×Ö°×ÖŽÖŒ× ×Ö·ÖŒ×Ö¶×¡Ö¶× ×ֲשֶ×ך ע֞ש֎×××ªÖŽ× ×¢ÖŽ×Ö°ÖŒ×Öž תַ֌עֲשֶ×× ×¢ÖŽ×ÖžÖŒ×ÖŽ× ×Ö°×¢ÖŽ× ×Öž×֞ךֶץ ×ֲשֶ×ך ×Ö·ÖŒ×šÖ°×ªÖžÖŒ× ×ÖžÖŒ×ÖŒ.
×× ××: ×€×¢× ××©× × ×× ×× ××.
And that, technically, is the end of the perek. The last three psukim are a coda to the ס׀ך as a whole (this is the end of book 2 of ת×××××):
×× ×ך×× ×׳ ××ק×× ×××§× ×שך××; ×¢×©× × ×€×××ת ×××××
×× ××ך×× ×©× ××××× ××¢×××;
××××× ××××× ×ת ×× ××ךץ ××× ×××××
× ××× ×ª×€××ת ××× ×× ×ש××
×ך×× ×׳: ××× ×©×€××š×©× × ×ת×××ת ×ס׀ך ×ך×ש××, ×× ×× ×׀ס×ק ×ש××ך×× ×× ×××š× ××××ך ×××× ××× ×©××× ××ש××× ×ס׀ך.
Each book of ת××××× ends with a long poetic â×××â:
âŠ××× ×¢×× ×× ××× ××ק×ש. ××× ×× ×©××× ×¢×× ×× ××× ××ק×ש? ×©× ××ך (× ×××× ×:×) ק×ÖŒ××ÖŒ ×֞֌ךֲ××ÖŒ ×ֶת ×׳ ×Ö±×ֹקֵ××Ö¶× ×ÖŽ× ×Öž×¢×Ö¹×Öž× ×¢Ö·× ×Öž×¢×Ö¹×Öž×âŠ×ÖŽ××֞ךְ××ÖŒ שֵ×× ×Ö°ÖŒ××Ö¹×Ö¶×Öž ×ÖŒ×ְך×Ö¹×Ö·× ×¢Ö·× ×ÖžÖŒ× ×ְ֌ך֞×Öž× ×֌תְ×ÖŽ×ÖžÖŒ×. ×××× ×¢× ×× ×ך××ת ×××× ×× ×ª×× ××× ×ª××× ××ת? ×ª×Ž× ××ך××× ×¢× ×× ×ך×× ×ת×××; ×¢× ×× ×ך×× ×ª× ×× ×ª×××. ×××× ××ק×ש ××× ×××ך? ×ך×× ×׳ ××ק×× ×××§× ×שך×× ×× ××¢××× ××¢× ××¢××× ×ך×× ×××× ×שך××, ××× ×¢×× ×× ××ך×× ×ך×× ×©× ×××× ×××××ª× ××¢××× ××¢×.
×ך×× ×׳ ×××§× ×שך×× ×××¢××× ××¢× ××¢×××; ××× ×××××
×ך×× ×׳ ××¢×××; ××× ×××××
×ך×× ×׳ ×××§× ×שך×× ×× ××¢××× ××¢× ××¢×××
×××ך ×× ××¢× ×××;
×××× ×ÖŸ××
And it says ××× ×ª×€××ת ××× ×× ×ש×, which is hard to understand, since we still have half of ס׀ך ת××××× to go. One interpretation is that all the psalms that have a ××תךת that refers to specific events (or almost all; thereâs one exception) are in this half:
The Book of Tehillim ends with this psalm only in the sense that is the last of the psalms that were inspired by specific events in Davidâs lifetime. The following three books are predominantly songs of general praise for G-d.
Or we could look at this perek specifically as the summation of all Davidâs hopes and prayers. Everything he believes in, everything he has striven for, are invested in Shlomo, his son:
×ש×××: ת׀×× ×× ××¡× ××× ×¢×³×³× ×¢×ª ××××× ×ת ש××× ×× ×, ×××× ×××ª× ×ת׀×× ×××ך×× × ×©××¡× ×××× ×××× ××׳׳ש ××× ×ª×€××ת ×××.
Getting back to our story, ס׀ך ש×××× continues with the end of the war that has been the background to the episode of David and Bat Sheva:
×× ××××× ×××× ×ך×ת ×× × ×¢×××; ××××× ×ת ×¢×ך ×××××××
×× ××ש×× ×××× ×××××× ×× ×××; ××××ך × ××××ª× ×ך×× ×× ××××ª× ×ת ×¢×ך ×××××
×× ××¢×ª× ×סף ×ת ×תך ××¢× ××× × ×¢× ××¢×ך ×××××; ×€× ×××× ×× × ×ת ××¢×ך ×× ×§×š× ×©×× ×¢××××
×× ×××סף ××× ×ת ×× ××¢× ×××× ×š×ת×; ××××× ×× ×××××××
× ×××§× ×ת ×¢×ךת ×××× ××¢× ×š××©× ××שק×× ××ך ××× ×××× ××§×š× ×ת×× ×¢× ×š×ש ×××; ×ש×× ××¢×ך ××׊×× ×ך×× ××××
×× ××ת ××¢× ×שך ×× ××׊×× ×××©× ××××š× ××××š×Š× ××ך×× ×××××ךת ××ך×× ×××¢××ך ×××ª× ××××× (×××××) ××× ××¢×©× ××× ×¢×š× ×× × ×¢×××; ×××©× ××× ××× ××¢× ×ך×ש×××
We dealt with Yoavâs war on Ammon before, and its connection to the story of Bat Sheva. We mentioned that in ×××š× ××××× there is no mention of Bat Sheva, and Davidâs mistake is entirely ×××× ×××©× ××ך×ש××, that he does not act as a king and lead the people in this war. We also mentioned that most ×׀ךש×× understand ××ת ××¢× ×שך ×× ××׊×× ×××©× ××××š× to refer to torture, but I would understand it as refering to Davidâs using the prisoners of war as slaves:
××××ך ×××× ××× ×ס ×ת ××ך×× ×שך ××ךץ ×שך××; ×××¢×× ×׊××× ××׊×× ××× × ×××ת ××× ×ת ××ת ×××ק×××
Based on the way it is presented in ×××š× ×××××, I would assume that this final battle was shortly after Uriah was killed, well before the birth of the first child and certainly before the birth of Shlomo. I assume it is here in ס׀ך ש×××× because the author wanted to complete the Bat Sheva story first.
Now, I want to focus on that crown. Why do I care so much about the royal crown of Amon? The gemara says we are misreading ×¢×ךת ××××:
â×××§× ×ת ×¢×ךת ×××× ××¢× ×š××©× ××שק×× ××ך ×××â, ××× ×©×š×? ××ס××š× ×× ×× × ×× ××! ××ך ×š× × ×××: ×××ª× ××××ª× ×× ××××××.
Why would the gemara ask ×× ×©×š×? Why would the spoils of war be forbidden? Thatâs because ×××× doesnât mean âtheir kingâ; it means âMolechâ:
×¢×ךת ××××: ××× × ×¢××× ×§××, ××¢×××ת ×××××× ×©××× ×××× ×©××, ×¢× ×©× ×××××, ×××ת×× (××××× × ××:×) ×ÖŒ×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¶×Ö° ש֎×קֻ֌ץ ×Ö°ÖŒ× Öµ× ×¢Ö·×ÖŒ×Ö¹×. ×××× ×¢×ךת ×××× ××¢×××ת ×××××× ×§××ך.
× ×Ö·×֌ֵ×Ö¶×Ö° ש×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹× ×Ö·×Ö²×šÖµ× ×¢Ö·×©×ְת֌ֹךֶת ×Ö±×Ö¹×Öµ× ×ŠÖŽ×Ö¹× ÖŽ××; ×Ö°×Ö·×Ö²×šÖµ× ×ÖŽ×Ö°×ÖŒÖ¹× ×©×֎ק֌ֻץ ×¢Ö·×ÖŒÖ¹× ÖŽ×××
× ×Ö·×ÖŒÖ·×¢Ö·×©× ×©×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹× ×֞ךַע ×֌ְעֵ×× Öµ× ×׳; ×Ö°×Ö¹× ×ÖŽ×ÖŒÖµ× ×Ö·×Ö²×šÖµ× ×׳ ×֌ְ×Öž×ÖŽ× ×Öž×ÖŽ×××
× ×Öž× ×ÖŽ×Ö°× Ö¶× ×©×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¹× ×֌֞×Öž× ×ÖŽ×Ö°××Ö¹×©× ×©×֎ק֌ֻץ ××Ö¹×Öž× ×֌֞×֞ך ×ֲש×ֶך ×¢Ö·× ×€ÖŒÖ°× Öµ× ×ְך×֌ש×Öž×ÖžÖŽ×; ×ÖŒ×Ö°×Ö¹×Ö¶×Ö° ש×֎ק֌ֻץ ×ÖŒÖ°× Öµ× ×¢Ö·×ÖŒ×Ö¹××
And ×××ª× ×××ת×, as a non-Jew, can declare an object of ×¢×××× ××š× to no longer be an object of worship (××××׎×), so David can now use it. The gemara is then bothered by the weight of this crown: a ××ך is 30 kilograms.How could anyone wear anything that heavy on their head?
â×שק×× ××ך ×××â; ×××× ××Š× ×× × ××? ××ך ×š× ××××× ××ך ך×: ך×××× ×× ×× ×¢× ×š×ש ×××. ך×× ×××¡× ×ך×× ×× ×× × ××ך: ××× ×©×××ת ×××ª× ×× ×××ת ××š× ××. ך×× ×××¢×ך ××ך: ××× ××§×š× ×××ª× ×× ×©×©×× ××ך ×××.
××× ×©×××ת ××× ××: ××ש××× ×××©× ×¢× ××¡× ×××××ª× ×× ×××, ×××× ×©×××ת שק××¢× ×××¢×× ××× ×××ª× ×××× ×©×××ת ×ק××§× ×× ×ך.
×ת×× ×¢× ×š×ש ×××: ×××¢×× ×ך××©× ×××ª× ×ª×××× ×ש××× ×××©× ×¢× ×××¡× ×× ××× ×¡×× ×¢× ×š××©× ××©× ×©× ××ך.
So David took this crown of ×¢×××× ×ך×, and instead of using the money as he did with all the other spoils of war (ש×××× × ×:××-××)â âŠ×××š× ×××××× ×××× × ×¢××× ×××€×שת×× ×××¢××קâŠ,he keeps it hanging above his throne. And this crown would continue to be a symbol of ××××ת ××ת ×××:
×Ö·×ÖŒ×ֹ׊֎×××ÖŒ ×ֶת ×Ö¶ÖŒ× ×Ö·×Ö¶ÖŒ×Ö¶×Ö° ×Ö·×ÖŽÖŒ×ªÖ°ÖŒ× ×ÖŒ ×¢Öž×Öž×× ×ֶת ×Ö·× ÖµÖŒ×ֶך ×Ö°×ֶת ×Öž×¢Öµ××֌ת ×Ö·×Ö·ÖŒ×Ö°×ÖŽ×××ÖŒ ×ֹת×Ö¹; ×Ö·×ÖŽÖŒ×ְש֞××Ö»××ÖŒ ×Ö°××Ö¹×Öž×Öž×¢ ×ÖŒ×Öž× Öž×× ×Ö·×Ö¹ÖŒ××ְך×ÖŒ ×Ö°×ÖŽ× ×Ö·×Ö¶ÖŒ×Ö¶×Ö°.
â×××׊××× ×ת ×× ×××× ×××ª× × ×¢××× ×ת ×× ×ך ××ת ××¢××תâ: × ×ך ×× ×××××. â×¢××תâ, ×׎ך ××××× ××ך ך×: ×¢××ת ××× ×××ת ××× ×©×× ×ך××× ×××××ת ×××××ª× ××× ×©××× × ×š××× ×××××ת ××× ××××ת×.
ש×קש ×××××× ××× ××××ת×: ×©×ª×©× ×ך××©× ×תך ××××ת ××× ×××××ª× ××€× ×©××× ×©×š××× ×©× ××× ×ת×× ×××× ××××€× ××××€× ×××× × ×ת××ש×ת ×ך××©× ××× ××× ×©×ש ×× ×ך××¥ ×ך××©× ×××× ×¢××ת ×××ת ××× ×©×× ×ך××× ×××××ת ×××××ª× ××× ×©××× × ×š××× ×××××ת ××× × ××××ת×.
So this crown, taken from an idol, has a bar going through it that was supposed to go through the head of a true king from ××××ת ××ת ×××. Thatâs just weird. I would propose looking at this seriously but not literally. Rav Yitzchok Zilberstein says that David specifically wanted to âpurifyâ this ×¢×××× ×ך×:
âŠ×× ×©×©××¢×ª× ××××Ž× ××š× ××ך×׎ש ×××ש×× ×©×××׎×, ×©×©× ×©×× ××× ××¡×š× ×תך×× ××¢×ך ××× ×ת ××× ××× ×שך××, ×××× ××ת×ך××× ××תך ×× × ×¢××× ×©××× ×¢×Ž×. ××ש×× ×××Ž× ×©××××Ž× ×©××× ××× ×ª×ק×× ×××× ××¢×××, ש×ק×ך ×××××× ××€× ××××ת ×תך ×©× ×§××ש×. ××× ××××š× × ××ך ×¢××ת ××× ×××ת ×××, ש×× ×ך××× ×××××ת ××××ת×, ××× ×× ××× ×š××× ××× ×× ×©×š×€× ×ת ××תך, ×ש×× ×©××× ×Š×š×× ××, ××ª×§× ×ª×ק×× ×× ××××××, ××× ××××ת ×¢××ת ×××ת ×××âŠ
I suggest that there was an important lesson in having the crown of Molech hanging over the throne of the king, and having âgo through the headâ of every king of Israel. The service of Molech was child sacrifice:
××××š×¢× ×× ×ª×ª× ×××¢××ך ×××× ××× ×ª××× ×ת ×©× ××ק×× ×× × ×׳×
×××¢××ך: ××× ×שך××£ ×× ××ת ×××ª× ×¢×××ת×.
× ×ש×ך ×× ×€× ×ª× ×§×© ××ך××× ×××š× ×ש××× ××€× ××; ××€× ×ª×ךש ××××××× ×××ך ×××× ××¢××× ××××× ×××× ×ת ×××××× ×××¢×©× ×× ×× ×× ××
×× ×× ×ª×¢×©× ×× ××׳ ××ק××; ×× ×× ×ª××¢×ת ×׳ ×שך ×©× × ×¢×©× ××××××× ×× ×× ×ת ×× ××× ××ת ×× ×ª××× ××©×š×€× ××ש ××××××××
×××× ×ת ×ת׀ת ×שך ××× ×× ×× ×; ××××ª× ×××¢××ך ××ש ×ת ×× × ××ת ××ª× ××ש ×××××
And child sacrifice has a history in ×ª× ×Ž×; we all know the story of the עק×××, and the story of Yiftachâs daughter:
× ×××ך ××€×ª× × ×ך ××׳ ××××ך; ×× × ×ª×× ×ª×ª× ×ת ×× × ×¢××× ×××××
×× ×××× ××××Š× ×שך ××Š× ××××ª× ×××ª× ×קך××ª× ×ש××× ×ש××× ××× × ×¢××× ×××× ××׳ ×××¢××ת××× ×¢×××
âŠ×× ×××× ××€×ª× ×××Š×€× ×× ×××ª× ××× × ××ª× ×׊×ת ×קך××ª× ×ת׀×× ××××××ת; ×ךק ××× ××××× ××× ×× ××× × ×× ×× ×ת×
×× ×××× ×ך×××ª× ×××ª× ××קךע ×ת ××××× ××××ך ××× ××ª× ××ךע ×××š×¢×ª× × ××ת ×××ת ××¢×ך×; ××× ×× ×€×Š××ª× ×€× ×× ×׳ ××× ×××× ×ש×××
×× ×ת××ך ×××× ××× ×€×Š××ª× ×ת ×€×× ×× ×׳ ×¢×©× ×× ××שך ××Š× ××€××; ×××š× ×שך ×¢×©× ×× ×׳ × ×§××ת ×××××× ××× × ×¢××××
The midrash compares Yiftachâs daughter to other episodes of giving up oneâs children to ×׳. Thereâs a right way and a wrong way to do it:
×××š× ×× ×ת×: ××× ×©×× ×ת×× ×ת××š× ×©×קך××× × ×€×©×ת ×× ××× ×¢× ××× ×××××? ×××× ×ת×× (×××§×š× ×:×) ×Öž×Öž× ×ÖŽÖŒ× ×ַקְך֎×× ×ÖŽ×Ö¶ÖŒ× ×§Öž×šÖ°×ÖžÖŒ× ×Ö·×׳ ×ÖŽ× ×Ö·×Ö°ÖŒ×Öµ×Öž× ×ÖŽ× ×Ö·×֞֌ק֞ך ×ÖŒ×ÖŽ× ×ַ׊ֹ֌×× ×ªÖ·ÖŒ×§Ö°×šÖŽ×××ÖŒ ×ֶת ק֞ךְ×Ö·ÖŒ× Ö°×Ö¶×, ×× ××××× ××× ×× ×× × ×××. ××ך ×× ××ª× × ××š×ª× ×××× ××××Š× ×××׳ , [×××š× ××] ××¢×§× ×××× × ×©× ×ך (×ך×ש×ת ××:××) ×Ö°×Ö¹× ×ֲשֶ×ך ×ªÖŽÖŒ×ªÖ¶ÖŒ× ×ÖŽ× ×¢Ö·×©ÖµÖŒ×ך ×ֲעַשְ֌××šÖ¶× ÖŒ×ÖŒ ×Öž×Ö°, ×× ×ª× ×× ×ק××ש ×ך×× ××× ×©× ×× ×¢×©×š ש××××, ש×× ×קך×× ××× ×××? ××× ×¢×× ××× ×× × ×ש××× × ××ךת ××××ךת (ש×××× × ×:××) ×ÖŒ× Ö°×ªÖ·×ªÖŽÖŒ×× ×Ö·×׳ ×ÖžÖŒ× ×Ö°×Öµ× ×Ö·×ÖžÖŒ××, ש×× ×קך××× ×ת ×× × ××ק×׎×? ×× ×××ך×× ×××× ×××š× ××, ××× ×©××¢ ××××.
×¢×× ×ש××× ××€× × ×ק××ש ×ך×× ×××, ×ך×× ×ק××ש ׊×××ת: × ×€×©×ת ××××ª× ××קש שתקך×× ××€× ×? (×ך×××× ××:×) ×ÖŒ×Öž× ×ÖŒ ×ֶת ×ÖžÖŒ××ֹת ×Ö·×Ö·ÖŒ×¢Ö·× ×֎שְ×ךֹף ×ֶת ×Ö°ÖŒ× Öµ××Ö¶× ×ÖžÖŒ×Öµ×©× ×¢Ö¹××ֹת ×Ö·×ÖžÖŒ×¢Ö·× ×ֲשֶ×ך ×Ö¹× ×ŠÖŽ×ÖŽÖŒ××ªÖŽ× ×Ö°×Ö¹× ×ÖŽ×Ö·ÖŒ×šÖ°×ªÖŽÖŒ× ×Ö°×Ö¹× ×¢Öž×Ö°×ªÖž× ×¢Ö·× ×ÖŽ×ÖŽÖŒ×. â×שך ×× ×Š××ת×â ×××ך×× ×©×ש××× ×ת ×× ×âŠâ××× ××ךת×â ×××€×ª× ××קך×× ×× ×ת ×ת×.
The idea that Yaakov âtithedâ his children, giving Levi to ×׳, is interesting:
ך׳ ×××שע ×ס×× ×× ××©× ×š×³ ××× ××ך: ×××ª× ××× ×©×× ×ת ך׳ ×××ך. ××ך ××: ××× ××ª× ×××ך×× ××¢×§× ××ת×, ××ת×× (×××× ×) ×ª×ª× ××ת ××עק×? ××ך ××: ×××. ×׎×: ××× ×× ××ך ××× ×שך ×ª×ª× ×× ×¢×©×š ××¢×©×š× × ××? ×׎×: ×××.
××ך ××: ×׀ך×ש ש××× ×©× ×××! ××× ×עשך×? ××× ×× ×׀ך×ש ×׳ ××׳ ××©× ×× ×©×××× ××ך××? ××ך ××: ××× ××Ž× ××? ×××× ××Ž× ××ââ×׀ך×× ××× ×©× ×ך×××× ×ש××¢×× ×××× ××â!âŠ××ך ×× ×Š× ××× ×׳ ×××ך×ת ××׳ ××××תת ××××ך ק××ש ×××× ×§××ש ××׊×× ×§××ש.
And, of course, Avraham does give his son Yitzchak to ×׳. But itâs never literally a sacrifice; it means dedication to a life of service to ×׳. We all have to be able to âgive upâ our children that way; they donât exist to fulfill our needs. And as weâve discussed many times before, thatâs even more important for the king. ××××ת canât be about power; itâs about being a slave to the people.
[×××] ××תך ××€×©× ×× ×©×ך ××ך××ת ש×ש ×¢×××× ×©××¢××× ×× ××ך ××× ×××× ××× ××€×©× ×××× ×¢××× ×©×¢××× ××× ××׊×ךע ש××× ×׀ש×, ךק ך××× ×©×× ×× ×ע׊×× ×¢×××ת ××××× ×שע×× ×¢×Š×× ××¢× ××××ת ×ש××¢×× ××××× ××× ××¢××.
And the children of a slave belong to the master:
×× ××× ×× ××ª× ×× ××©× ××××× ×× ×× ×× ×× ×× ×ת ×××©× ×××××× ×ª××× ×××× ×× ×××× ××Š× ×××€××
The lesson of ×¢×ךת ×××× that has to go through the heads of ×××× ××ת ××× is that the king is a slave to ×׳ and to the people, and that his children as well belong to them. And thatâs a lesson that Shlomoâs son failed to learn, and led to the loss of the kingdom 2 generations hence:
× ××××¢×¥ ×××× ×š×××¢× ×ת ×××§× ×× ×שך ××× ×¢×××× ×ת ×€× × ×©××× ×××× ××××ª× ×× ×××ך; ××× ××ª× × ×ע׊×× ××ש×× ×ת ××¢× ××× ××ך×
× ××××ך (××××ך×) ×××× ×××ך ×× ×××× ×ª××× ×¢×× ××¢× ××× ××¢×××ª× ××¢× ××ª× ×××ךת ××××× ××ך×× ××××× ×××× ×× ×¢×××× ×× ××××××
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The Romans had the myth of the sword of Damocles, about the dangers of wealth and power. The crown of Molech hanging over the heads of the kings of Israel was a reminder of the responsibilities.