ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืื ืืขืจืช ืขืืื; ืืืฉืืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืื
Note that David just โืืืืโ from ืืช, but once in the territory of ืืฉืจืื he has to โืืืืืโ; he is still a wanted man. He goes to the cave of ืขืืื, which symbolizes his return to his ancestral destiny, as the descendant of ืืืืื:
ืืืื ืืขืช ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืื; ืืื ืขื ืืืฉ ืขืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจืื
His family also joins him there, since, as ืืฆืืืช ืืื, says, ืคืืื ืื ืคืฉื ืคื ืืชื ืงื ืืื ืฉืืื. Jonathan had sworn to protect Davidโs family (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ืื)โ ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืชื ืขื ืืืช ืืื, but David canโt rely on that, since Jonathan couldnโt even keep himself safe; Saul had already threatened him with his spear.
ืืืชืงืืฆื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืฆืืง ืืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืื ื ืฉื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืจ ื ืคืฉ ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืจ; ืืืืื ืขืื ืืืจืืข ืืืืช ืืืฉื
As we have mentioned, this is the beginning of ืืื ืืืื. Heโs only the leader of a band of dispossessed, discontented men, but he is still a ืฉืจ. And there is a hint to an imminent turnaround: ืืฆืืง is an unusual word. It generally means โtroubledโ, usually paired with ืืฆืืจ. But it appears by itself in ืฉืืจืช ืื ื, which is a ื ืืืื that is all about turnarounds:
ื ืืงืื ืืขืคืจ ืื ืืืฉืคืช ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืขื ื ืืืืื ืืืกื ืืืื ืื ืืื; ืื ืืืณ ืืฆืงื ืืจืฅ ืืืฉืช ืขืืืื ืชืืื
ื ืจืืื ืืกืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืจืฉืขืื ืืืฉื ืืืื; ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืฉื
ื ืืณ ืืืชื ืืจืืื ืขืื ืืฉืืื ืืจืขื ืืณ ืืืื ืืคืกื ืืจืฅ; ืืืชื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืงืจื ืืฉืืืื
The 400 men is also significant. It calls to mind another band of 400 men:
ื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืขืงื ืืืืจ: ืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืงืจืืชื ืืืจืืข ืืืืช ืืืฉ ืขืืื
ื ืืืืจื ืืขืงื ืืื ืืืฆืจ ืื; ืืืืฅ ืืช ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืืช ืืฆืื ืืืช ืืืงืจ ืืืืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืื ืืชื
And another โleaderโ of ืื ื ืืฉืจืื who gathered a band of malcontents:
ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืจืืขื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืื; ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืคืืช ืืืช ืืื ืืื ืืืืจื
ื ืืืจื ื ื ืืืื ื ืื ืืขืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืฉ ืื ืื ื ืืจืืขื ืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืื; ืืืืจืชื ืื ืขืฆืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืื
ื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืขืื ืฉืื ืืช ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื; ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืื
ื ืืืชื ื ืื ืฉืืขืื ืืกืฃ ืืืืช ืืขื ืืจืืช; ืืืฉืืจ ืืื ืืืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืจืืงืื ืืคืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืื
ื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืขืคืจืชื ืืืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืื ื ืืจืืขื ืฉืืขืื ืืืฉ ืขื ืืื ืืืช; ืืืืชืจ ืืืชื ืื ืืจืืขื ืืงืื ืื ื ืืืื
ื ืืืืกืคื ืื ืืขืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฆื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื
Neither of these comparisons are positive. David may have turned back from the brink of becoming a Philistine mercenary but he certainly has the potential to be a force for evil in Israel. And his men are called (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ืื)โ ืื ืืืฉ ืจืข ืืืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืขื ืืื. But David is different. The ืืฉืืฆืืช ืืื says โืื ืืืจื ื ืคืฉ ืืขืื ืืช ืฉืืืืโ and quotes the ืืื ืืงืจโ โืฉืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืฉืจ. ืฉืขืดื ืืกืืืืช ืืื ืืืืืชื ืขืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืื, ืืืืืจื ืืชืฉืืืโ. We will see examples of this in later perakim.
ืืดืจ ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืดืจ ืืื ืชื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ื) ื ึฐืึปื ืึผึธืึดื ืึผึถื ืึดืฉืึทื, ืึผื ึฐืึปื ืึทืึผึถืึถืจ ืึปืงึทื ืขึธื ื ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืฉืืงืื ืขืืื ืฉื ืชืฉืืื.
The ืืขืช ืืงืจื suggests that ืชืืืืื ืืโ, that in which David addresses the ืขื ืืื to ืืืื ืืืณ ืืชื and reassures them that ืงืจืื ืืณ ืื ืฉืืจื ืื; ืืืช ืืืื ืจืื ืืืฉืืข, actually refers to these ืื ืืืฉ ืืจ ื ืคืฉ. The timing is right; that perek is attributed to David immediately after he leaves ืืช. And we interpreted the theme of that perek as one of ืชืฉืืื and redemption.
ื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืฆืคื ืืืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆื ื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืข ืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืงืืื
ื ืืื ืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืื ืืืื; ืืืฉืื ืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืฆืืืื
David moves from ืืจืฅ ืืืืื into ืืจืฅ ืืืื, which makes sense given the family relationship. David is widely known to be a descendant of ืจืืช ืืืืืืื, and he figures his family will be safe there from the predations of Saul. But thatโs the last we hear from Davidโs parents. What happened after ืืืืช ืืื ืืืฆืืื? The next time we see Moab, itโs not in such a positive light:
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืช ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืื ืืขื; ืืืงื ืืื ืืช ืืชื ืืืื ืืื ืคืืฉืชืืื
ื ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืจืฆื ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช; ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ื ืฉืื ืื ืืื
What happened to make David slaughter the Moabites? The midrash fills in the gaps:
(ืชืืืืืโ ืก:ื) ืืืื ืกืืจ ืจืืฆื. ืืคื ืฉืืฉืขื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืจื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื
ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืจืืช ืืืืืืื, ืืืืืจ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื: ื) ืืื ืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืื ืืืื; ืืืฉืื ืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืฆืืืื
ืืื ืงืจืื ืกืืจ; ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืชืขืื ืืกืืจ, ืื ื ืชืขืืื ืฉื, ืฉืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื
ืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืฆื ื ืืฉ ืืื ืื ื ืขืืื, ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืจืฆื ืืชื ื. ืืืื ืืืกื ืฉืขืฉื ื ืืฉ ืขื ืืื ([ืฉืืืื ื ื:ื] ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืกื ืขื ืื ืื ืื ื ืืฉ, ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืืื ืขืืื ืืกื).
ืืืคืืื ื ืชืืจื ืขื ืืืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื:ื) ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืจืฆื ืืืืื ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืช; ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ื ืฉืื ืื ืืื
Moab was not nice people. The Torah commanded:
ื ืื ืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืืื ืืงืื ืืณ; ืื ืืืจ ืขืฉืืจื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืณ ืขื ืขืืืื
ื ืขื ืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืืฆืืชืื ืืืฆืจืื; ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืจ ืขืืื ืืช ืืืขื ืื ืืขืืจ ืืคืชืืจ ืืจื ื ืืจืื ืืงืืืื
ื ืืื ืืื ืืณ ืืืืื ืืฉืืข ืื ืืืขื ืืืืคื ืืณ ืืืืื ืื ืืช ืืงืืื ืืืจืื: ืื ืืืื ืืณ ืืืืืื
ื ืื ืชืืจืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื
ืืฉืจืฉื ืืืฆืื. ืื ืฉืืคืจืฉ ืืคืจืฉื, ืขื ืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืื ืงืืื ืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืจ ืขืืื ืืืืณ ืืืืืืขื ื ืืืชืื ืืื, ืืื ืืขืืช ืืืืืืช ืืกืืื ืืืจืืงืช ืืืช ืื ืืื ืืืืืืืช, ืืขื ืื ืฆืื ื ืืงืืข ืฉื ืื ืขืืื ืฉืืฉืืืชื ืืืชืขืืื ืืืจืืืช ืชืืืืช ืจืฉืขื ืื ืืืืชื, ืฉืื ืืืงืืื ืืคืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืงืจืืช ืงืื ืืืื ืขืืคื ืืืจื ืืขืืืจืื ืืืืืื
Moab was descended from Lot, who had been adopted by Avraham, the paragon of ืืืืืืช ืืกื. He then moved to ืกืืื, the very antithesis of ืืืืืืช ืืกื. As it were, Moab had two spiritual fathers, and they had to decide which one they would follow. Their behavior after ืืฆืืืช ืืฆืจืื demonstrated which path they had chosen, and ืืืดื saw this hatred of the stranger and the refugee throughout the history of Moab. Davidโs faith in their family connection was unfounded and would lead to tragedy.
ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืฉื ืืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืช ืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืื; ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืจ ืืจืชื
Who is ืื? Unfortunately, we donโt have much information. He was one of the authors of ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื:
ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืืฉื ืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืื ื ืืชืืืื ืขื ืืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื ืืขื ืืืจื ื ืชื ืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืื
And he spoke to David on one other occasion, after the disastrous census at the end of the ืกืคืจ:
ืื ืืืงื ืืื ืืืงืจ;
ืืืืจ ืืณ ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจื
ืื ืืืื ืืืืจืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืฉืืฉ ืื ืื ื ืืื ืขืืื: ืืืจ ืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืขืฉื ืืื
And thatโs it. No midrashim, nothing else to say.
ืขื ืืื ืืื ืืณ ืืืืจ ืขื ืืื, ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืจืง ื ืืืื ืื ื ืืชืื