ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: A Stubborn and Rebellious Son

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

Back in the story of Avshalom, when we last saw him, he had been welcomed back to the palace but not restored to his position as crown prince.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื•ืกืกื™ื; ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื˜ื•:ื

Weโ€™ve seen this expression, ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ, before:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ืœืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืื—ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ื•ืฉืžื” ืชืžืจ; ื•ื™ืื”ื‘ื” ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื

It doesnโ€™t presage good news.

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืชื™ืžื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”; ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ โ€ื•ื™ื”ื™โ€œ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ. (ืืกืชืจ ื:ื) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึดึผื™ืžึตื™ ืึฒื—ึทืฉึฐืื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื”ื•ื” ื”ืžืŸ; (ืจื•ืช ื:ื) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึดึผื™ืžึตื™ ืฉึฐืืคึนื˜ ื”ึทืฉึนึผืืคึฐื˜ึดื™ื ื”ื•ื” ืจืขื‘; (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•:ื,ื”) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึตื—ึตืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึธืจึนื‘โ€ฆื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐื ื”ืณ ื›ึดึผื™ ืจึทื‘ึธึผื” ืจึธืขึทืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธืโ€ฆ

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™,ื‘

There is an interesting halacha about this perek:

ืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ืงืจื ื•ืžืชืจื’ื. ืคืฉื™ื˜ื! ืžื”ื• ื“ืชื™ืžื? ืœื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืœื™ืงืจื™ื” ื“ื“ื•ื“; ืงืžืดืœ.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื”,ื‘

ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืืจ ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื โ€ืงื ืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸโ€œ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื โ€ืงื ืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸโ€œ.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ืžืจื“ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื

What do we learn from the story of Avshalom? One obvious thing is the consequences of the law of ืืฉืช ื™ืคืช ืชืืจ and of the ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”; as we discussed before, Avshalomโ€™s mother was ืžืขื›ื” ื‘ืช ืชืœืžื™ ืžืœืš ื’ืฉื•ืจ, likely a captive princess.

ื™ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ื” ืืฉืช ื™ืคืช ืชืืจ; ื•ื—ืฉืงืช ื‘ื” ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืœืš ืœืืฉื”ืƒโ€ฆ

ื˜ื• ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืช ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื ื•ืื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื• ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื•ืื”; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ืื”ืƒโ€ฆ

ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉืžืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืืžื•; ื•ื™ืกืจื• ืืชื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืืœื™ื”ืืƒโ€ฆื›ื ื•ืจื’ืžื”ื• ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืขื™ืจื• ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืช ื•ื‘ืขืจืช ื”ืจืข ืžืงืจื‘ืš; ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื™ืจืื•ืƒโ€ฆ

ื›ื‘ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืžืช; ื•ืชืœื™ืช ืืชื• ืขืœ ืขืฅืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื

ื›ืœ ืžืืŸ ื“ื ืกื™ื‘ ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ ื ืคื™ืง ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื“, ืขืœ ืฉื—ืžื“ ืžืขื›ื” ื‘ืช ืชืœืžื™ ืžืœืš ื’ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืืชื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืฉื›ื‘ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื• ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื

ืืžืจ [ืจืฉืดื™: ื—ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ ืœื“ื•ื“]: ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืงื ืกื™ื‘ืช ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ? ืืดืœ: ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ืฉืจื™ื™ื”! ืืดืœ: ืœื ื“ืจืฉืช ืกืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ? ื“ืกืžื™ืš ืœื™ื”: (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื:ื™ื—) โ€ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”โ€œ; ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”!

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื–,ื

ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื—ื˜ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืžืช ื•ืชืœื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืขืฅ: ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื” ืฉืื—ื–ืดืœ ืฉื“ื”ืขืดื” ื ืฉื ื™ืคืช ืชื•ืืจ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืดืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืจืฉ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื ื“ืงืจื ื ืจืžื– ื‘ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ืขืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ืžื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื‘ืดื“ ืœื™ืกืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืชืœื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืชืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื•.

ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ืœืดื•

And while Avshalom is not a literal halachic ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” (that only applies to a 13-year old), he is still the archetype of what a ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” is. The actual halacha never applied, but just like Avshalom, it is a source of lessons for the future:

ื“ืชื ื™ื: ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื” ื ื›ืชื‘? ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื,ื

However, ืจืณ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ objects that the halacha did apply:

ืืžืจ ืจืณ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื•.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื,ื

Rabbi Aryeh Klapper points out many problems with ืจืณ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸโ€™s comment. First, ืจืณ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ was a ื›ื”ืŸ, and should not have been anywhere near a grave. Second, he was an second-century CE tanna, who lived a century after the Sanhedrin could judge capital cases. So he could not have seen an actual case of ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” being tried. Third, there is a halacha forbidding anyone from sitting on a grave. So one might say that ืจืณ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ isnโ€™t being literal either:

ื•ืœื•ืœื ื“ืžืกืชืคื™ื ื ืืžื™ื ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืœื–,ื‘) ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืขืดืค ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืชื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื•. ืžื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืกืงื™ืœื” ืื• ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื’ ืื• ื—ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืกืชื•; ืžื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืื• ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื“ืœื™ืงื” ืืŸ ื ื—ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืฉื•โ€ฆื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื ืงื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืดื’ ื•ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืืฃ ืฉืœื ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืดื“, ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœ.

ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื‘, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื

But there is a historical โ€œื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื”โ€: Avshalom!

ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืขื”ืดืช [I did not find this] ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืžืืžืจ ื”ื’ืžืจื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื,ื) ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”, ื•ืœืžื” ื ืืžืจ, ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ื• ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื•. ืฉื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื‘.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ืžืจื“ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื

Yad Avshalom By Ricardo Tulio Gandelman from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Panorama 7, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35449277

Tomb of Absalom (Hebrew: ื™ื“ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ืโ€Ž, Transl. Yad Avshalom; literally Absalomโ€™s Shrine), also called Absalomโ€™s Pillar, is an ancient monumental rock-cut tomb with a conical roof located in the Kidron Valley in Jerusalem, a few metres from the Tomb of Zechariah and the Tomb of Benei Hezir. Although traditionally ascribed to Absalom, the rebellious son of King David of Israel (circa 1000 BCE), recent scholarship has dated it to the 1st century CE.

โ€ฆThe freestanding monument contains a burial chamber with three burial sites. The chamber is carved out of the solid lower section of the monument, but can only be accessed from the upper section via a built entrance and a staircase. It has been compared to Petra, given the rock-cut nature of the bottom segment and the style of the finial.

โ€ฆResidents of Jerusalem would bring their unruly children to the site to teach them what became of a rebellious son.

Wikipedia, Tomb of Absalom

And the fact that the โ€œTomb of Avshalomโ€ has no actual connection to Avshalom is irrelevant. It is a symbol of his rebellion, and a source of a lesson about how to not raise children. And that is why ืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ืงืจื ื•ืžืชืจื’ื. What was the problem with Davidโ€™s relationship with Avshalom? David is clearly not denying Avshalom anything; he has ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•. His brother Adoniya will later do the same thing:

ื•ืื“ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื’ื™ืช ืžืชื ืฉื ืœืืžืจ ืื ื™ ืืžืœืš; ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื• ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืคืจืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•ืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื:ื”

It is a symbol of royalty:

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืœืš ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื›ื; ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ื™ืงื— ื•ืฉื ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื• ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื• ื•ืจืฆื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื—:ื™ื

However, David will not name Avshalom as his successor; he [David] knows that.

ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœืžื”; ื‘ื ื• (ื‘ื ื™) ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืƒ ื— ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ื“ื ืœืจื‘ ืฉืคื›ืช ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืช; ืœื ืชื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ ื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ืƒ ื˜ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ ืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘; ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืฉืงื˜ ืืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•ืƒ ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ื›ืกื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ ื™ื ืขืชื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ ื”ืณ ืขืžืš; ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

But he wonโ€™t explicitly tell his other sons that until the end of his life. Avshalom has some sort of position and power, and that is implied in the end of the last perek (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื“:ืœื’)โ€Ž ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืœ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื.

ื•ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžื ื• ื•ืฉื•ืœื— ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื ืืœื™ื•โ€ฆืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืงืจื ืืœ ืคืœื•ื ื™, ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืžื–ืžื™ื ื”ื• ืืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ื•ื™ืงืจื ื:ื

To be called, ืงืจื ืืœ, is to have a โ€œcallingโ€:

calling
a strong inner impulse toward a particular course of action especially when accompanied by conviction of divine influence
Merriam-Webster, calling, definition 1

ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืชื™; ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื™ื—:ื™ื–

So Avshalom had power, wealth and fame. What he did not have is a relationship with his father.

ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืขืดื” ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืืžื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื”ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžื• ื™ืกืจืชื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ืœื:ื) ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึฒโ€ืฉึถืืจ ื™ึดืกึฐึผืจึทืชึผื•ึผ ืึดืžึผื•ึน; ื›ื•ืจื›ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื›ื”ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืจื—ืงื• ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื•ืกืจ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื™ื” (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื:ื•) ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืฆึธื‘ื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ืžึดื™ึธึผืžึธื™ื• ื•ืœืžื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื•โ€ฆ

ืžืฉื” ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื•ืช, ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ืณ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืืœื™ืš ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื ื”ื ื” ื•ืืฉืœื—ื” ืืชืš ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืœืืžืจ ืœืžื” ื‘ืืชื™ ืžื’ืฉื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืขื“ ืื ื™ ืฉื; ื•ืขืชื” ืืจืื” ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืชื ื™ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื“:ืœื‘

And I think that is the essence of the ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื of the story of Avshalom and David.

The opposite of love is not hate, itโ€™s indifference.

Elie Wiesel (from older sources)

So what does Avshalom do with what power he has? He undermines his father.

ื‘ ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืขืจ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื™ ืžื–ื” ืขื™ืจ ืืชื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื‘ื“ืšืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื—ื™ื; ื•ืฉืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืืช ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ ื™ืฉืžื ื™ ืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื•ืขืœื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงืชื™ื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื™ื: ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื›ื— ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืžื• (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื“:ื›ื•) ืžึตืฉึดืื™ื‘ ื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื ึฐื›ึนื—ึดื™ื.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื˜ื•:ื’

There is some subtlety to Avshalomโ€™s method here. He is appealing to those ืžืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ because he is playing on the historic tension between ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” and the rest of the tribes.

ื•ื™ืงืžื• ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืจืขื• ื•ื™ืจื“ืคื• ืืช ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืืš ื’ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืฉืขืจื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ืคืœื• ื—ืœืœื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื’ืช ื•ืขื“ ืขืงืจื•ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื–:ื ื‘

And even David, who was king over the united Israel, was really the single king over two separate countries.

ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“; ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—:ื˜ื–

A composite monarchy (or composite state) is a historical categoryโ€ฆthat describes early modern states consisting of several countries under one ruler, sometimes designated as a personal union, who governs his territories as if they were separate kingdoms, in accordance with local traditions and legal structures.

Wikipedia, Composite monarchy

ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืฉืืœื• ืžืื™ื–ื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื•ืงื“ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื• ืขื“ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจืชื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืดืœ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืจืง ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืขื, ืžื–ืงื ื•ืชื• ืื• ืžืขืฆืœื•ืชื•, ื•ื’ื ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืœืฉื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืฉืืœ ืžืื™ื–ื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืœื ื™ืฉืงื•ื“ ืจืง ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื•, ืœื ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืดืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืืดืœ โ€ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืืช ื”ืžืœืšโ€œ.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื˜ื•:ื‘

But Avshalom may be more subtle than that. Remember the โ€œืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืœืšโ€:

ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืณ ืืœ ื”ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื™ื ืžืืชื• ืžืœืšืƒ

ื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืœืš ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืœืš ืขืœื™ื›ื; ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ื™ืงื— ื•ืฉื ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื• ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื• ื•ืจืฆื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืจื›ื‘ืชื•ืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืฉื•ื ืœื• ืฉืจื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ ื—ืžืฉื™ื; ื•ืœื—ืจืฉ ื—ืจื™ืฉื• ื•ืœืงืฆืจ ืงืฆื™ืจื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื•ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ื•ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื™ืงื— ืœืจืงื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืืคื•ืชืƒ ื™ื“ ื•ืืช ืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืืช ื›ืจืžื™ื›ื ื•ื–ื™ืชื™ื›ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืงื—; ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื•ืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื–ืจืขื™ื›ื ื•ื›ืจืžื™ื›ื ื™ืขืฉืจ; ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœืกืจื™ืกื™ื• ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื•ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื›ื ื•ืืช ืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื›ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืช ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื›ื ื™ืงื—; ื•ืขืฉื” ืœืžืœืื›ืชื•ืƒ ื™ื– ืฆืื ื›ื ื™ืขืฉืจ; ื•ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ืืƒ ื™ื— ื•ื–ืขืงืชื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื›ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœื›ื; ื•ืœื ื™ืขื ื” ื”ืณ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื—

Avshalom is asking โ€œืžื™ ื™ืฉืžื ื™ ืฉืคื˜โ€, not โ€œืžื™ ื™ืฉืžื ื™ ืžืœืšโ€.

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›,ื‘) โ€ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืš, ืžืœืš ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•โ€œ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ โ€ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื›ื•ืณ ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžืฉืคื˜โ€œ, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœืงื—ื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉื“ื” ืื• ื›ืจื ืื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ืงื ืžืžื ื• ื ืœืงื—, ื•ืขืดื– ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ, โ€ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื™ืโ€œ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื ืฉื•ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืš ืžื•ื—ืจื ืœืžืœืš, ืื‘ืœ, "ื•ืฉื•ืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžืืช ื”ืžืœืšโ€œ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืกื•ืžืš ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืš ืžืœืš ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืขืดื› ืœื ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืš ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื›ื™ ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื. ืื‘ืœ, โ€ืžื™ ื™ืชื ื ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅโ€œ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ โ€ืฉื•ืคื˜โ€œ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘โ€ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืœืšโ€œ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• โ€ื•ืขืœื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคื˜โ€œ, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€ืขืœื™โ€œ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื• ืžืฉื’ืช ืœืฉืืช ื”ืขื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, โ€ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงืชื™ื•โ€œ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืœื• ื•ืœืชืœื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช, ื•ื›ืดื– ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืžื ื” ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื˜ื•:ื“

Avshalom is demanding a return to the days of ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, when the people were free, with no central government taking their money and telling them how to run their lives.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืคื˜ื™ื: โ€ฆืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืžืจ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื:ื›ื”) ื‘ึทึผื™ึธึผืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื™ึธึผืฉึธืืจ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื• ื™ึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืจื•ืช ื:ื

He is a classic populist demagogue. He will refuse to be a ืžืœืš. Of course, he will still be the ruler. He wants to be Lord Protector of Israel.

After the execution of Charles [King Charles I], England was ruled by a small group of MPs called โ€˜the Rumpโ€™. After three years, they had still not agreed to call a new Parliament and therefore England was still ruled without one. In April 1653, [Oliver] Cromwell and 40 musketeers, soldiers armed with guns, marched into the Rump Parliament and closed it down.

At first, Cromwell tried calling what was known as the โ€˜Barebones Parliamentโ€™, and also the โ€˜Parliament of Saintsโ€™, but it was dissolved as some of its members were seen as too radical. In December 1653, the army declared Cromwell โ€˜Lord Protectorโ€™, and gave him almost the powers of a king in 1657.

โ€ฆCromwell dismissed both his Parliaments, which he regarded as too radical. He refused a petition to make himself kingโ€ฆHe set up a system of โ€˜Major-Generalsโ€™, who ran the country as a military dictatorship until 1657.

BBC Bitesize, Oliver Cromwell

And then Avshalom cements his popularity by refusing the honor due a king. He is not the vain elitist (ื›ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืœืœ ืžืื“) that everyone thought; he treats everyone as an equal:

ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ืช ืœื•; ื•ืฉืœื— ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœื• ื•ื ืฉืง ืœื•ืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ืื• ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืช ืœื‘ ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ื•

The irony, of course, is that is not David, but Avshalom, who is imposing ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืœืš:โ€Ž ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืœื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื•ืกืกื™ื; ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•. It is David who comes closest to the ideal leader: (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื—:ื˜ื•)โ€Ž ื•ื™ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•.