In this week’s parsha, after the sin of the spies, Moshe argues with ה׳ to spare the people:
Rabbi Aryeh Klapper points out that it’s hard to figure out what Moshe is arguing. Even if we assume that ה׳ cares about the opinions of the nations, why would they assume He allowed the people to die מבלתי יכלת ה׳?
In other words, the חילול ה׳ that Moshe was evoking was not a lack of Divine power, but a lack of Divine forgiveness. Human beings are by definition fallible, and מבלתי יכלת ה׳ means that the nature of G-d is to never tolerate imperfection. But then the other nations will conclude that there is no point in having a relationship with הקב״ה, since that always ends in tragedy. And so the entire תחלית of creation will be lost.
He adds as an aside that there is
"theological baggage involved in such
a claim“, that Moshe can ”convince" ה׳. How is it possible to argue with G-d? Who could have such chutzpa? Rav Shimon Shwab has an gevaldik answer, a way of looking at the text that explains this, that puts it all together. He starts with Moshe’s first argument with G-d: he doesn’t want to go to Egypt.
The Torah uses the term וירד ה׳, ”and G-d went down“, frequently, and that certainly carries “theological baggage”.
Onkelos (as is his wont) avoids the anthropomorphism entirely:
But the expression must have some meaning. Rashi takes it as a lesson to human beings:
And similarly with Avraham:
But Rav Shwab says that’s not what it means. וירד ה׳ means that ה׳ is telling us, the audience or the reader, that His justice is in fact understandable to human beings, and we have the ability and even the obligation to understand it, and object if we cannot.
And I would suggest (this is not from Rav Schwab) that this is what inspired Avraham to “discover” ה׳, which was connected to מגדל בבל. There was a וירד ה׳, but no one paid attention. No one but אברהם אבינו.
And Rav Schwab goes further. ה׳'s “ירידה” is what allows us to learn Torah:
And back to our parsha. Moshe can argue with ה׳ because וירד ה׳ after the 40 days of praying after חטא העגל.
That וירד ה׳ was the gift of the שלש עשרה מידות:
And so, in our parsha, Moshe quotes those מידות:
ה׳'s ירידה is what allows us to have a relationship with Him; we have a hope (and a responsibility!) to understand what He wants from us. יַעֲשׂוּ לְפָנַי כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה וַאֲנִי מוֹחֵל לָהֶם.