This is largely based on Rabbanit Sharon Rimon’s Orla and Reishit.
This week’s parsha includes the mitzvot of ערלה and נטע רבעי:
The idea that part of the produce should be dedicated to ה׳, to show that we acknowledge that ה׳ provides for us, is common in the Torah. But this is different: it’s not the first fruits which are קדש הלולים לה׳; it’s the fourth year. That’s odd. Compare another halacha that applies כי תבוא אל הארץ:
The Ramban gives a practical reason: trees just don’t produce much fruit for the first years:
In other words, נטע רבעי is the first crop, and that is dedicated to ה׳.
But some fruit does grow in those first three years, and the Torah says ערלתם ערלתו את פריו: you will surely make the fruit ערל, literally uncircumcised. It may look like fruit, but you are to consider it still sealed up, still in the bud.
But still we have the question about the first three years. Why make them ערלה, forbidden, something to be discarded. If there is fruit, bring it to Jerusalem! The Rambam looks at the context of this law. The other halachot in this paragraph are largely about magic and superstitious practices:
In other words, don’t expect that you will have a fruit crop in those first years. Don’t try to accelerate the process by forbidden means, thinking you will do something good and get to bring קדש הלולים לה׳ a year earlier. Trying to push it will only lead to תפנו אל האבת ואל הידענים and תבקשו לטמאה בהם. ערלה and נטע רבעי are lessons in patience, סבלנות.
But that brings up one of my favorite topics. There are two ways to try to accelerate the growth of your crops: magic and science. The problem is that, when we use them, we can’t tell the difference:
And the תפארת ישראל uses this principle (a hundred years before Arthur C. Clarke) to explain the name of the לשכת הפרוה, the chamber in the בית המקדש that had a mikvah on its roof:
If I told you I had a magic mirror, that when I waved my hands over it in just the right way, it would predict tomorrow’s weather, would that be ניחוש? If I told you that there was an icon engraved on the back of my mirror, of a partially eaten apple, would that change the הלכה? The problem is that we use things today that we completely don’t understand. Everything in my life is indistinguishable from magic. I have no way of knowing if Foxconn is trapping demons by sacrificing goats at the full moon in order to create my iPad, and I have no way of telling. There certainly isn’t any logic here. The דרשות הר״ן י״ב (which is too long to bring here but well worth looking at inside) explains that the איסור of לא תנחשו ולא תעוננו is about attitude. What do I think is going on? Do I think my omen is a result of the mechanical application of the laws of nature, or is there mystical control of the forces of טומאה that gives it its power? The reality itself underlying it can’t be the determining factor, since I have no way of knowing that, and (קידושין נד,א) לא ניתנה תורה למלאכי השרת.
That is an important distinction between permissible technology and forbidden magic. But, pace Rambam, that distinction doesn’t apply here. Whether I improve my ערלה crop with magic or technology, it is still forbidden.
At least when it comes to trees, there is value in the waiting.
That’s a nice lesson, but why trees? The Sfas Emes makes a chassidic connection to a midrash:
But that doesn’t sound like the message of the midrash. What sort of amulet on a stick will protect us? The answer is the combination of the two “trees”: the practical one of נְטַעְתֶּם כָּל עֵץ מַאֲכָל and the spiritual one of עֵץ חַיִּים הִיא.
The Sfas Emes is proposing that in both material and spiritual matters, the effort itself is valuable. Taking shortcuts to avoid יגיעה will lead to עון, and that is the lesson of ערלה. Work for those three years, express appreciation to הקב״ה in the fourth, and the fifth will allow you להוסיף לכם תבואתו.