I want to look at the first pasuk of this week’s parsha:
The redundancy that bothers Rashi is the אמר ואמרת. If it had said דבר אל הכהנים בני אהרן ואמרת אלהם, that would be idiomatic (similar to (במדבר כח:ב) צַו אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם. But the repeated אמר is odd.
Now, the halacha understands this to mean that we (the adults) are being warned about the children: we cannot make them טמא. It’s not that we have to tell them not to become טמא.
But Ramban points out that there is a midrash that does say that we need to teach our children:
And Mizrachi explains what Ramban means by “אמור אל הכהנים ותחזור ותאמר אליהם”, and says that this is the פשט of the pasuk:
So the pasuk should be translated, “Hashem said to Moshe: Say to the Kohanim, the sons of Aaron, ‘You will say to them [your children], “you shall not contaminate yourself”’”.
But what midrash is Ramban talking about? I couldn’t find anything explicit, but ויקרא רבה connects our double אמר ואמרת to the double אמרות אמרות in תהילים פרק יב, and connects that to the words of students learning Torah:
I assume the תינוקות שלא טעמו טעם חטא is not talking about little children, but older schoolchildren, adolescents (we’ve discussed translating טף as adolescents).
So our pasuk is at least hinting to the idea of Jewish education. Moshe is told to make sure the כהנים teach their children the intricate laws of טומאה and טהרה. This may answer a question of Rav Hutner. The mitzvah of תלמוד תורה is, at its core, a mitzvah not to learn but to teach:
But why should that mitzvah be mentioned for the first time in ספר דברים?
Rav Hutner gives an explanation, based on a deep understanding of what ספר דברים represents as the first example of ללמוד תורה וללמדה. But I would give a simpler answer: the halacha of teaching Torah is mentioned earlier in the Torah, in our pasuk. And it teaches us something important about what we teach when we teach Torah: it’s not simple. Every question has מ״ט פנים טמא ומ״ט פנים טהור:
The דגל תורה is the מ״ט פנים טהור ומ״ט פנים טמא. Torah is the manifestation of the רצון ה׳, which is infinite. Finite human beings can’t handle the Truth. That is expressed in one of my favorite midrashim:
That idea is expressed in the beginning of the ויקרא רבה that we cited:
And the Sfas Emes explains that the pure אמת that is Torah has to be transmitted through fallible human beings. That’s not a bug, it’s a feature. The מ״ט פנים represent all the different ways human beings understand the Torah.
אמר אל הכהנים בני אהרן; ואמרת אלהם is an expression of what education is, the transmission through human beings of what they received. And true education teaches that there are מ״ט פנים טמא ומ״ט פנים טהור, things are not black and white but 49 shades of grey. Our children have to realize that. Only ה׳ fully integrates those into a monistic Truth.
But that’s not all we have to teach our children. Even if they are brilliant students, each with a אידישע קאפ that can analyze every question and היו יודעין לדרש את התורה מ״ט פנים טמא ומ״ט פנים טהור, it’s not enough.
This reminds us of the story of the students of Rabbi Akiva:
And that is the lesson that רבי יהושע דסכנין is trying to teach. He makes the point elsewhere that our goals are all aimed at שלום:
And that, I think, explains why this halacha, of teaching our children, is here, as part of the laws of the כהנים. The pasuk says
אמר אל הכהנים בני אהרן; ואמרת אלהם. I think the correct way to translate that is: “Hashem said to Moshe: Say to the Kohanim, ‘You are the sons of Aaron, and you will say to them [your children], “you shall not contaminate yourself”’”. Before teaching all the intricacies of halacha, teach the value of שלום.