In Israel, they read אחרי מות last week, so I had two weeks to plan this shiur. But I’m still jet-lagged, so I’m not sure it makes any sense. It is based on Zohar Atkins’s Divine Timing, which looks at the beginning of the parsha:
We’ve pointed out before that Rashi reads “אל יבא בכל עת” in the פשט of פסוק ב as meaning “never” (not, as we might understand it, “not always, but possibly some times”):
And the next pasuk is an exception to that rule:
What Atkins calls “taboo”, חז״ל describe as “שניהם נאמרו בדיבור אחד”: apparent inconsistencies in what we believe is the monistic (in Rav Lichtenstein’s terms) Truth of ה׳'s Torah.
The existence of these irreconcilable aspects of truth emphasizes that ה׳'s will is beyond our understanding, and that the closer we get to the קודש הקודשים the less we can comprehend the experience.
But that lack of comprehension is not an intellectual lack; it is an existential one.
Now that sounds far too extreme: Aaron must die? But that’s exactly what happened in the עבודה of יום כיפור. It was a miracle when the כהן גדול did not die:
And lest we think that Atkins is exaggerating, Rashi seems to agree with him. We saw the celebration of the inauguration of the משכן last month:
The pasuk that Rashi is quoting is from the original command to build the משכן:
What does Moshe mean, יודע הייתי שיתקדש הבית במידעיו של מקום, והייתי סבור או בי או בך? As we said in פרשת שמיני תשפ״ב, in the inauguration ceremony for the משכן, after ויקרב אהרן אל המזבח; וישחט את עגל החטאת אשר לו, we are told וישא אהרן את ידו אל העם ויברכם; וירד מעשת החטאת והעלה והשלמים. What was וירד מעשת החטאת?
Now, the fire from heaven (or from the קדש הקדשים) doesn’t come until two psukim later, after אהרן has come down:
So we have this picture of אהרן on top of the מזבח; he’s set up the first sacrifices that he will offer (the previous week, it’s been his brother doing everything), he turns to the people and blesses them, and then…nothing. That’s not how it is supposed to work; the fire is supposed to come down and demonstrate ה׳‘s presence among the people. But it doesn’t come down when אהרן blesses the people. וירד מעשת החטאת והעלה והשלמים is אהרן’s failure. This was to be the return of the כבוד ה׳ in the fire from heaven that had last been experienced at מעמד הר סיני and lost with מעשה העגל. And nothing happened.
So what does אהרן himself do after he trudges down the ramp, with no divine fire in sight? Rashbam explains why the next pasuk is ויבא משה ואהרן אל אהל מועד:
In other words, Aharon really did expect that the fire would come down from heaven and consume the sacrifices while he was standing there; his עבודה was to be part of ותצא אש מלפני ה׳ ותאכל על המזבח את העלה ואת החלבים and ותצא אש מלפני ה׳ ותאכל אותו; וימת לפני ה׳. That is the mind-blowing implication of Rashi’s reading of all this. But we can’t take that literally; the message of the עקדה is that ה׳ doesn’t want literal human sacrifice. ה׳ doesn’t want the כהן גדול to literally die; it’s only when the כהן גדול fails to eliminate himself appropriately that לא יראני האדם וחי applies.
That’s why אל יבא בכל עת אל הקדש. But Atkins notes that the expression בכל עת appears twice in the Torah, once here and (in two psukim in the same paragraph), in the appointment of judges:
בכל עת is a statement of consistency, of דין. It’s how the world is supposed to run. But if the world were run entirely by מדת הדין, if it were a world of בכל עת, then we could not survive. We need the סליחה inherent in רחמים. But if the world were world run entirely by מדת הרחמים, of constant closeness to הקב״ה, then we could not survive either.
The dialectic between מדת הדין and מדת הרחמים is the ultimate שניהם נאמרו בדיבור אחד.
But Atkins doesn’t see it as tragic, but as the delicate compromise that creates room for us to exist.