This shiur is similar to last year’s, פרשת כי תשא תשפ״ג, but with a different twist.
As part of the last paragraphs of instructions for the משכן, ה׳ tells Moshe to hire a general contractor:
Who is this Betzalel? It’s interesting because he is identified not just by patronymic and tribe but by avonymic—the name of his grandfather. And Chur we have seen before, as one of the leaders of בני ישראל:
But Chur has no introduction, and no family history. Rashi gives us a hint:
So
Betzalel is Miriam’s great-grandson. If Miriam is now 86 years old, then Betzalel must be a pretty young man (if all the generations are equal, then he is about 21). But the gemara goes further. דברי הימים tells us of Betzalel’s yichus:
Now, the genealogies in דברי הימים are complicated and generally incomprehensible, and the gemara concludes:
And so we will be focusing on the דרש of these psukim.
Kalev is Betzalel’s great-grandfather (Efrat is identified with Miriam, as we will see), which doesn’t tell us anything. But there is another, better known, Kalev: כלב בן יפנה, one of the spies that were sent to spy out the land. And we know something about him:
And the
gemara identifies the two. So Kalev is 40 years old in the year after the משכן is built, and it is built by his great-grandson.
And the gemara identifies the wives of Kalev—all three of them—with Miriam:
You can read Rabbi Eisemann’s commentary on דברי הימים for more on the aggadic approach to these geneaologies. But I want to note that Miriam is presented as one who was sickly, considered dead, and then is rejuvenated and gave birth to the line that would lead to Betzalel. And her mother, Yocheved, has a similar aggadah:
Taking all this seriously but not literally, I want to focus on the fact that the
midrashic emphasis is on Betzalel’s ancestry being little children or rejuvenated adults.
And that connects to the main story of this week’s parsha: חטא עגל הזהב. We have talked many times about the meaning of the golden calf, as a representation of the כרובים that carry the מרכבה.
But the golden calf isn’t a שור, an ox. It’s a baby ox. The people were trying to create their own version of the כרובים of the משכן.
The contractor of the משכן is a baby, his ancestors were babies, the centerpiece of the משכן is a pair of babies. There is an
emphasis on neoteny in the משכן.
For instance, dogs were bred from wolves by selecting the most puppy-like animals.
And Steven Jay Gould, the evolutionary biologist, had a famous article in 1979 about a famous example of neoteny in popular culture:
In the משכן, the heavenly כרובים become baby כרובים; that is an example of neoteny, and it serves as a physical symbol of natality.
She applies the idea in political philosophy in the history of revolutions, that start out with such potential for change but quickly stagnate into the same despotism they proported to rebel against, as they lose that natality. The obvious example is the rebellion against the Galactic Empire in Star Wars and the foundation of the Second Republic, which, in less than twenty years, becomes the First Order. Leia finds herself leading yet another “Resistance”, recapitualing the first movies.
Our עבודת ה׳ must always have that sense of re-discovery, rebirth.
We say this in the שיר של יום for Monday:
Read הוא ינהגנו עלמות as, “Hashem will guide us through our natality”.
Betzalel in the eyes of the aggadah is a child, the descendant of children. The builder of the משכן must express neoteny, retain his natality, because completing the משכן is not the end. It is only the beginning of our spiritual growth.