This week’s shiur is a mistake. But I’m going to give it anyway. פרשת ויקהל is hard to write for; just about everything is a repeat of פרשת תרומה. So I looked at the haftorah and saw something interesting, but it was only in the haftorah for Sefardim. Worse than that, we never read the haftorah for פרשת ויקהל; it’s almost always combined with פקודי or one of the ארבע פרשיות and gets a different haftorah. We’re not going to read this haftorah until 2035.
But it was a topic that piqued my interest, so I’m going with it. You’ll be prepared for 2035. The Ashkenazi haftorah summarizes the bronzework in the מקדש:
The Sefardi haftorah gives more details about these columns.
And that is what has always bothered me about this perek. Why name the columns? Why tell us about the names? I would assume that these names were public, engraved in amah-high letters on the entrance to the בית המקדש.
There are many answers given. A common theme is that of the Radak:
I would add that the root יכין was explicitly part of Moshe’s prayer for the original משכן:
So יכין ובועז is a תפילה for past and future of the Beit Hamikdash: ה׳ established it and it will continue to be a source of strength.
But why specifically the pillars? There is a very odd midrash:
Now, that’s weird. First of all, the supporting psukim don’t really fit. The pasuk about the sun is about a גיבור, not עוז, though equating עוז and גבורה makes sense:
But the pasuk about יכון isn’t really about the moon; it’s about מלכות בית דוד:
And more than that, having symbols of the sun and the moon in the בית המקדש is just wrong.
The Gra says we’re missing the point of that midrash: the moon is a symbol of David, but so is the sun: וכסאו כשמש נגדי׃ כירח יכון עולם. And for that, we have to learn a little תנ״ך.
פרץ and זרח were Yehuda’s sons.
פרץ was the ancestor of David.
In terms of the symbolism, the moon with its continual renewal is a symbol of מלכות בית דוד (ואכמ״ל). The sun represents זרח, because that’s what the word means: shining.
But זרח is a sort of ancestor to David as well.
זרח is the ancestor of the authors of ספר תהילים.
So the two pillars that hold up the אולם of the בית המקדש represent two sides of David: יכין refers to כירח יכון עולם, to מלכות בית דוד, to the wealth and power that allowed Shlomo to build the בית המקדש. It waxes and wanes like the moon. בועז refers to the זרח (literally, “shining”) that is the שמש…ישיש כגבור. It is David as נעים זמירות ישראל, the compiler of תהילים. The two pillars of the בית המקדש are the hardware and the software, and both come from David.
And part of the lesson is that the יכין side, the wealth and power, isn’t permanent. The moon wanes. The בועז side, the תהילים that we still recite, lasts forever.
The Gra mentions other interpretations of יכין ובועז that I don’t really understand, but there is one that I found striking. He alludes to a gemara about רבי יוחנן בן זכאי:
יוחנן בן זכאי was the one who saved the תורה שבעל פה after the destruction of the second בית המקדש. He escaped from Jerusalem and founded the academy at Yavneh. His student praise him with metaphors about Torah.
That covers the נר ישראל and the פטיש החזק. So what is עמוד הימיני?
יכין means preparation. The right pillar symbolizes Torah, which makes the עבודה of the בית המקדש possible.
בועז, ”with strength“, represents מעשה, our עבודת ה׳. Both of those together are the pillars that hold up the בית המקדש.
Thats what the two columns at the entrance tell us, that the entrance to the בית המקדש is through תורה and עבודה. But the Gra reminds us that there are three pillars:
After the חורבן, we have no true עבודה and not even real תורה, but we are left with the one pillar of the world that was not built into the structure of the בית המקדש: we still have the pillar of גמילות חסדים. That is the one pillar holding up our world.