This week’s parsha is the dramatic climax of ספר שמות: מעמד הר סיני.
The Mechilta says that “כה תאמר” means “exactly these words”:
Rav Kamenetsky asks, why is ה׳ so concerned that Moshe says exactly what ה׳ tells him to say, שלא תפחת ולא תוסיף etc.? It’s because Moshe’s role is changing; he is no longer just a נביא. He was acknowleged as a נביא already:
But now there is a different level of אמונה:
The first אמונה was that Moshe was a נביא and did אותות and spoke on behalf of ה׳. But a נביא's authority only applies to their immediate audience. The second אמונה was לעולם; the authority of the Torah that Moshe would teach is eternal.
So he has to be very careful that every word he says בשם ה׳ is actually דבר ה׳ and כה תאמר: לא תפחת ולא תוסיף. There’s no room for his own interpretation in there.
But now I want to look at Rashi. As we know, Rashi never quotes midrashim. He cites them but only brings selections that fit his pedagological purposes. On our pasuk he says:
And only later does he bring the last part of the Mechilta:
Now there is a version of the Mechilta that applies this דרשה to the words אלה הדברים:
But Rashi is clearly applying לשון הזה וכסדר הזה to כה תאמר and לא פחות ולא יותר to אלה הדברים. That is because there is a difference between the implications of כה and אלה (or the singular זה):
Rashi is telling us that the requirement of
לא פחות ולא יותר comes not from the כה but from the אלה הדברים (parallel to זה הדבר). כה תאמר leaves room for Moshe’s own interpolations:
But this is both: כה תאמר and אלה הדברים. I think that Rashi is implying that ה׳ told Moshe: Tell them the literal Word of G-d, and also have some aspect of השתתפות מאישיותו הפרטית. We know the midrash of כה תאמר לבית יעקב ותגיד לבני ישראל:
The Maharal says that this is not specifically about men and women, but a lesson in pedagogy:
The “קול יוצא אצל ישראל”, the voice of ה׳ speaking to each individual, is Moshe’s voice.
Moshe now has a very hard job. He needs to be ה׳'s stenographer, repeating word-for-word what ה׳ wants the תורה שבכתב to say, but also to explain it to each individual in a way that they can learn. That needs to be personal, with the השתתפות מאישיותו הפרטית, the sense of כה אמר. He is an actor, reciting the same lines from the same script but for very different audiences. He needs to be not just to be משה הסטנוגרף, but משה רבינו.