Our תפילות are focused on the civilians and חילים fighting in Israel. May our learning be a זכות for them.
Over שמיני עצרת I was at Congregation Israel in Springfield, NJ, and saw a new book by Rabbi Moshe Eisemann, Depths of Majesty, a collection of essays on the weekly parsha. His essay on בראשית starts with הושענות:
He points out that, in some way, ה׳ wanted to create the world.
We have no idea what that means, beyond the fact that only human beings have free will and thus can intentionally do what ה׳ wants. And other sources in תנ״ך express what it is that ה׳ wants:
ה׳ ”wants“ to create the world because he “wants” ציון, ישראל and תורה. What does that mean? I would connect that question to Rabbi Shulman’s shiur on קין and הבל.
What is ה׳ telling קין: הלוא אם תיטיב שאת?
Rashi says it’s obvious: just read the translation.
תיטיב is an intransitive verb: “if you improve [yourself]”, then you will be forgiven:
שאת is a noun, “carrying”, either the sin or the sinner.
Ibn Ezra agrees about the תיטיב, but says the “carrying” means “lifting”, as opposed to קין's “fallen” face: “If you do better, then you will feel better”.
But that’s not what the טעמים imply.
תֵּיטִיב is apparently a transitive verb, with the object שְׂאֵת.
Chizkuni reads הלוא אם תיטיב שאת as an
aposiopesis. שאת means “stuff”, “things that are carried”:
And in this case, refers to the quality of קין's sacrifice.
Malbim agrees that שאת refers to the quality of the sacrifice, but ה׳ is telling קין the exact opposite of what Chizkuni is saying: ה׳ doesn’t care about how impressive your קרבן is.
קין looked at קרבנות as a kind of theurgy, a way of bribing ה׳ (presumably because he was a farmer, faced with Adam’s curse of (בראשית ג:יז) ארורה האדמה בעבורך). The key to הבל's sacrifice was that it was מבכרות צאנו, from his flock. קין just brought מפרי האדמה. There was no sense that he was offering anything, no expression that קין wanted to become closer to הקב״ה. And that is the only thing ה׳ wants from His creation: הנה שמע מזבח טוב.
And that, Rabbi Eisemann says, is why we can say לְמַעַנְךָ…הוֹשַׁע נָא. We, ישראל, with ציון and תורה, can give You what You want.