This week’s parsha starts with the census of בני ישראל before they enter the land, after the משכן was completed. Moshe is told to appoint leaders—נשיאים, also called ראשי המטות, literally “chiefs of staff” (a great pun from Rabbi Matis Weinberg):
I want to look at that word, נקבו, in פסוק יז. It means “specified”:
Why does the text need to tell us that Moshe took the men specified by name? The names were just listed! Rashi makes an odd comment:
What is Rashi adding, “specified here”? Maharal explains that נקבו is in the past perfect “who had been specified”, and Rashi is saying that it does not mean “who had been specified at a previous time, but only listed here”, but “who had been specified in the command just mentioned”:
Rashi wants us to know that these נשיאים were specified now, because בני ישראל had נשיאים before this:
So these נשיאים are named for the first time, here. The problem is that Rashi is wrong. These נשיאים were listed by name at a previous time (even though that won’t be written in the text until later):
We will start with an insight from Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky:
We could say that the נשיאים here may have been the same נשיאים who led the tribes at יציאת מצרים, but they needed to be re-appointed here, after the משכן is dedicated. The division into tribes before this was an unfortunate political reality, that could (and will) tear the people apart. Once they have a common center and a common goal, the benefits of federalism can be realized, and the Torah will acknowledge the נשיאים as leaders of separate but united שבטים.
There’s another side to Rashi’s comments:
The Torah emphasizes that they were אנשים who were appointed to become נשיאים, even though we know that they were the נשיאים before.
And that is a profound lesson in leadership. There is a קרי/כתיב in our text: אלה קְרִיאֵי (קְרוּאֵי) העדה נשיאי מטות אבותם. The written text has קְרִיאֵי, those who call the community, and that is how Onkelos translates it:
But the מסורה says to read the word as קְרוּאֵי, ”those who are called by the community“:
The נשיאים have to be “public servants”, called by the community, not dictating to them. They need to remember that they are just אנשים, plain people, who are given authority to keep the people centered on the משכן and the mission of בני ישראל.