ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Variations on a Theme

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

When we looked at the โ€œsongโ€ of the cows that brought the ืืจื•ืŸ back to Israel, we mentioned that the Midrash listed a number of possibilities that we associated with the ืฉื™ืจื” of the ืžืฉื›ืŸ, written by Moshe himself. One of these ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื in particular is associated with that incident:

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืฉื ืจืณ ืื‘ื: ืœืžื” ืœืงื• ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ? ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ืื™ืœื• ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืชื—ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื”, ื•ืืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื•! ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื• (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื—:ื): โ€ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื–ืจื•ืข ืงื“ืฉื•โ€œ.

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื ื“:ื“

Thatโ€™s part of the message of this ืคืจืง:โ€Ž ื”ืณ takes care of His own. Itโ€™s different from the other ones we looked at (ืฆื’,โ€Ž ืฆื– and ืฆื˜ are ื”ืณ ืžืœืš psalms; ืฆื• is another ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ) that are more generic messages.


And thereโ€™s one other way that ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื— is different from the others: this one has a ื›ื•ืชืจืช, an introduction. But that introduction is unique:

(ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื•) โ€ื•ื™ืฉืจื ื” ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื’ื•ืณโ€œ. ืžืื™ ื•ื™ืฉืจื ื”? ืืดืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจืดืž ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”โ€ฆื•ืžืื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืืžืจื•?โ€ฆื•ืจืดืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืžืจ: ืžื–ืžื•ืจื ื™ืชืžื (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื—) โ€ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื–ืจื•ืข ืงื“ืฉื•โ€œ.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื“,ื‘

ื™ืชืžื: ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ืืžืจื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉื

ื•ืงืฉื”, ื“ื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง) ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื ืฆื‘) ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื”ืื•ืžืจืŸ. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉืงืจื ืœื• ื™ืชืžื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ื ืืžืจโ€ฆื•ืืขืดืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ืฉื ืฆื) ืืฉืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ (ืฉื ื) ื”ืณ ืžืœืš ื’ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉ (ืฉื ืฆื’) ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ื ืขืฉื•, ืžืดืž ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ.

ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉื

ื•ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื™ืชืžื, ืจืดืœ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื”ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืก ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื [ื›ื™] ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื• ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ืจืดืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคืœื ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืจืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื™ืชืžื ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื™ื•โ€ฆ

ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื”ืจืดืœ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื“,ื‘

So letโ€™s look at this โ€œorphaned songโ€.


ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขืฉื”;
ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื–ืจื•ืข ืงื“ืฉื•ืƒ
ื‘ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืณ ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื•; ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื’ืœื” ืฆื“ืงืชื•ืƒ
ื’ ื–ื›ืจ ื—ืกื“ื• ื•ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ;
ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืืคืกื™ ืืจืฅ ืืช ื™ืฉื•ืขืช ืืœืงื™ื ื•ืƒ
ื“ ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœื”ืณ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ืคืฆื—ื• ื•ืจื ื ื• ื•ื–ืžืจื•ืƒ
ื” ื–ืžืจื• ืœื”ืณ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ; ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื–ืžืจื”ืƒ
ื• ื‘ื—ืฆืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืณืƒ
ื– ื™ืจืขื ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื•; ืชื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ืƒ
ื— ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื™ืžื—ืื• ื›ืฃ; ื™ื—ื“ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ืจื ื ื•ืƒ
ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืœืฉืคื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ;
ื™ืฉืคื˜ ืชื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื“ืง; ื•ืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืฆื—

This is strikingly similar to ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•. It starts with a call to all the nations to sing to ื”ืณ, and ends with nature itself singing to ื”ืณ, and the acknowledgement of ื”ืณ's reign in the world, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืœืฉืคื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ. But it is a little different. This is a ืžื–ืžื•ืจ.

ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื” ื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ืงืœื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ืโ€Ž (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื™ื,ื). A ืฉื™ืจ is vocal; ืžื–ืžื•ืจ is associated with ื›ืœื™ ื–ืžืจื” and is appropriate for ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—. According to the gemara, music with instruments should be forbidden entirely after the ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ:

ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ื•ืœื; ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื–ืžืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื™ ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจโ€”ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ืžืขืŸ: ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸโ€”ืืกื•ืจื”โ€ฆื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืงืœ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”:ื™ื“

David implemented ืฉื™ืจื” with instrumental accompaniment, anticipating that he would build the permanent ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

So this perek is a ืžื–ืžื•ืจ, a ืฉื™ืจ of the future, but it is anonymous. We still donโ€™t know who will have written it, as it were.

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื• that we looked at last time is a ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ about the future. This is the song to be sung in the future, when ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื’ืœื” ืฆื“ืงืชื•. And thatโ€™s why itโ€™s different from ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•. This is all about the instruments, more than the voice:

ื“ ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœื”ืณ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ืคืฆื—ื• ื•ืจื ื ื• ื•ื–ืžืจื•ืƒ
ื” ื–ืžืจื• ืœื”ืณ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ; ื‘ื›ื ื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื–ืžืจื”ืƒ
ื• ื‘ื—ืฆืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืจื™ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืณืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืฆื—

The fact that this psalm is not linked to one author or event attests to its universal quality. It is truly the psalm of the futureโ€ฆEvery creatureโ€ฆwill turn towards G-d and recognize the Torah as the focal point of creation.

Artscroll Tehillim, volume 2, p. 1202

โ€ฆืืžืจื™ ืœื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ืโ€ฆื”ืฉื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื โ€ฆื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืืจโ€ฆื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”โ€ฆื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™) ืื– ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื”ืณโ€ฆื”ืฉืฉื™ืช (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”) ื•ืชืฉืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจืงโ€ฆื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื‘) ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืณ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœ) ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื“โ€ฆื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขืฉื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื—).

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื•ืจืฉื) ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™

There is another difference: ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื• never mentions the Jews. It is meant for the entire world. This perek is very clear: ืจืื• ื›ืœ ืืคืกื™ ืืจืฅ ืืช ื™ืฉื•ืขืช ืืœืงื™ื ื•. The salvation that ื”ืณ has revealed is that of his people, ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื–ึธื›ึทืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื—:ื’

ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืชื”ืœืชื• ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืืจืฅ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘:ื™), ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืจืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืขืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฆื™ืจืขื ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืœื•ืื•. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฆื—

So while this seems to be simply a variation on the theme of Psalm 96, it actually has a different message, one aimed at us rather than the whole world.


When we looked at the 11 ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื attributed to Moshe, we noted that 90 and 91 were associated with the building of the ืžืฉื›ืŸ,โ€Ž 92 and 94 were associated with the slavery in Egypt, 100 was associated with the ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“, and 93, 96, 97, 98 and 99 were associated with the daily ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. That leaves ืฆื”,โ€Ž ืœื›ื• ื ืจื ื ื”. Where does that fit in?

ื ืœื›ื• ื ืจื ื ื” ืœื”ืณ; ื ืจื™ืขื” ืœืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืƒ
ื‘ ื ืงื“ืžื” ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ื“ื”; ื‘ื–ืžืจื•ืช ื ืจื™ืข ืœื•ืƒ
ื’ ื›ื™ ืึพืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืณ; ื•ืžืœืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื”ื™ืืƒ
ื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืืจืฅ; ื•ืชื•ืขืคืช ื”ืจื™ื ืœื•ืƒ
ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”ื•; ื•ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื™ืฆืจื•ืƒ
ื• ื‘ืื• ื ืฉืชื—ื•ื” ื•ื ื›ืจืขื”; ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ืขืฉื ื•ืƒ
ื– ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœืงื™ื ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื ืžืจืขื™ืชื• ื•ืฆืืŸ ื™ื“ื•;
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื‘ืงืœื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืƒ
ื— ืืœ ืชืงืฉื• ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ื›ืžืจื™ื‘ื”; ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืกื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืƒ
ื˜ ืืฉืจ ื ืกื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื; ื‘ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื’ื ืจืื• ืคืขืœื™ืƒ
ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืขื ืชืขื™ ืœื‘ื‘ ื”ื;
ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื“ืจื›ื™ืƒ
ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ื‘ืืคื™; ืื ื™ื‘ืื•ืŸ ืืœ ืžื ื•ื—ืชื™ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืฆื”

From the text, it clearly cannot have been written for use in the ืžืฉื›ืŸ originally; it mentions ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ. I think it was written at the end of those forty years, as a sort of introduction to ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•, the original ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื,โ€Ž ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. This starts very similarly, except itโ€™s addressed to โ€œusโ€โ€”ืœื›ื• ื ืจื ื ื”โ€”rather than โ€œyouโ€โ€”ืฉื™ืจื•. We (the author, Moshe, and the audience) all praise ื”ืณ, with almost the same words as ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆื•,โ€Ž ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืณ ื•ืžื”ืœืœ ืžืื“; ื ื•ืจื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื”ื™ื.

But the tone changes in ืคืกื•ืง ื–. Itโ€™s no longer an invitation to celebrate but an exhortation: Donโ€™t mess this up like you did last time. ื”ื•ื ืืœืงื™ื ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื ืžืจืขื™ืชื•โ€ฆื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื‘ืงืœื• ืชืฉืžืขื•.

He brings up the sin of ืžืกื” ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ื”:

ื ื•ื™ืกืขื• ื›ืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ืŸ ืœืžืกืขื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืณ; ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชืช ื”ืขืืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืจื‘ ื”ืขื ืขื ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื ืฉืชื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืžื” ืชืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืžื“ื™ ืžื” ืชื ืกื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืณืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืฆืžื ืฉื ื”ืขื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื™ืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืืชื™ ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืงื ื™ ื‘ืฆืžืืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืขืง ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ืžื” ืืขืฉื” ืœืขื ื”ื–ื”; ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืกืงืœื ื™ืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืณ ืืœ ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ืงื— ืืชืš ืžื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืžื˜ืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื™ืช ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืืจ ืงื— ื‘ื™ื“ืš ื•ื”ืœื›ืชืƒ ื• ื”ื ื ื™ ืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื•ื”ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืชื” ื”ืขื; ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื– ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื” ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ื”; ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื ืกืชื ืืช ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ื”ื™ืฉ ื”ืณ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื™ื–

Itโ€™s important to note that at ืžืกื” ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ื”, both Moshe and the people sinned. The people by questioning G-dโ€™s providence (ื”ื™ืฉ ื”ืณ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื ืื™ืŸ), and Moshe by questioning the peopleโ€™s faith (ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื•ืกืงืœื ื™).

ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื: ื•ืจืื” ืื ื™ืกืงืœื•ืš, ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืœืขื– ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื–:ื”

This was the first time Moshe as the leader of ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ demonstrates the impatience that will lead to his fate. He will not lead them into ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ;โ€Ž ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ื‘ืืคื™; ืื ื™ื‘ืื•ืŸ ืืœ ืžื ื•ื—ืชื™ applies to him as well.

ื•ื—ื˜ืื•, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื˜ื” ืืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืžืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ื” ืืœ ื”ื›ืขืก, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•: (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›:ื™) โ€œืฉืžืขื• ื ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ืโ€. ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ืณ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื›ื•ืขืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืขืกโ€ฆ

ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืœืจืžื‘ืดื ืคืจืง ื“

Thus this psalm is aimed at himself as well; ื ืงื“ืžื” ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ื“ื”. We all need to express our appreciation and gratitude to ื”ืณ.

And reading this perek as an introduction to the next gives ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ a very different meaning. ื”ืณ was angry with us and swore not to give us ืžื ื•ื—ื”. Now we need to sing a different tune, a ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ in our relationship with Him, that will allow the ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื that was lost in the 40 years in the wilderness.