When we looked at the โsongโ of the cows that brought the ืืจืื back to Israel, we mentioned that the Midrash listed a number of possibilities that we associated with the ืฉืืจื of the ืืฉืื, written by Moshe himself. One of these ืชืืืืื in particular is associated with that incident:
ืจืื ืืจืืื ืืฉื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ืจื ืืฆืืง ืืฉื ืจืณ ืืื: ืืื ืืงื ืื ืฉื ืืืช ืฉืืฉ? ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื. ืืืจ ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื: ืืืื ืชืจื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืคืชืืื ืืืืืื, ืืืจืื ื ืืฉืื ืคืืฉืชืื ืฉืืขื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืฉืืืืื ืื! ืื ืืื ืืชื ืืฉืืืืื ืขืืื, ืื ื ืืฉืืื ืขืืื (ืชืืืื ืฆื:ื): โืืืฉืืขื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืข ืงืืฉืโ.
Thatโs part of the message of this ืคืจืง:โ ืืณ takes care of His own. Itโs different from the other ones we looked at (ืฆื,โ ืฆื and ืฆื are ืืณ ืืื psalms; ืฆื is another ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ) that are more generic messages.
And thereโs one other way that ืชืืืืื ืฆื is different from the others: this one has a ืืืชืจืช, an introduction. But that introduction is unique:
(ืฉืืืื ื ื) โืืืฉืจื ื ืืคืจืืช ืืืจื ืขื ืืจื ืืืช ืฉืืฉ ืืืืณโ. ืืื ืืืฉืจื ื? ืืดืจ ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืดื ืฉืืืจื ืฉืืจืโฆืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืืจื?โฆืืจืดืฉ ืื ืืงืืฉ ืืืจ: ืืืืืจื ืืชืื (ืชืืืืื ืฆื) โืืืืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืื ื ืคืืืืช ืขืฉื ืืืฉืืขื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืข ืงืืฉืโ.
ืืชืื: ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืจื.
ืืงืฉื, ืืื ืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืฉ ืืืืฆื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืืื (ืชืืืื ืง) ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืช (ืฉื ืฆื) ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืจื. ืื ืจืื ืืคืจืฉ ืฉืงืจื ืื ืืชืื ืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืื ื ืืืจโฆืืืขืดืค ืฉืืฉ ืืืฉื ืืกืชืจ ืขืืืื (ืฉื ืฆื) ืืฉืจื ืืืืฉ (ืฉื ื) ืืณ ืืื ืืืืช ืืืฉ (ืฉื ืฆื) ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืื ื ืขืฉื, ืืดื ืืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืืืืจ.
ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืชืื, ืจืดื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืจ, ืืืคืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืื ืขื ืื ื ืก ืฉืขืืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื [ืื] ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืื. ืืืืจ ืื ืจืืื ืืื, ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืคืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืฉื ืฉืืจื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืื ื ืคืืืืช ืขืฉื, ืจืดื ืขื ืฉื ืืคืื ืฉืขืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืฉ ืืฉืืจืจ ืขื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืชืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืโฆ
So letโs look at this โorphaned songโ.
ื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืื ื ืคืืืืช ืขืฉื;
ืืืฉืืขื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืข ืงืืฉืื
ื ืืืืืข ืืณ ืืฉืืขืชื; ืืขืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืฆืืงืชืื
ื ืืืจ ืืกืื ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืช ืืฉืจืื;
ืจืื ืื ืืคืกื ืืจืฅ ืืช ืืฉืืขืช ืืืงืื ืื
ื ืืจืืขื ืืืณ ืื ืืืจืฅ; ืคืฆืื ืืจื ื ื ืืืืจืื
ื ืืืจื ืืืณ ืืื ืืจ; ืืื ืืจ ืืงืื ืืืจืื
ื ืืืฆืฆืจืืช ืืงืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืจืืขื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืณื
ื ืืจืขื ืืื ืืืืื; ืชืื ืืืฉืื ืืื
ื ื ืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืฃ; ืืื ืืจืื ืืจื ื ืื
ื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืฉืคื ืืืจืฅ;
ืืฉืคื ืชืื ืืฆืืง; ืืขืืื ืืืืฉืจืืื
This is strikingly similar to ืชืืืืื ืฆื. It starts with a call to all the nations to sing to ืืณ, and ends with nature itself singing to ืืณ, and the acknowledgement of ืืณ's reign in the world, ืืคื ื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืฉืคื ืืืจืฅ. But it is a little different. This is a ืืืืืจ.
ืขืืงืจ ืฉืืจื ืืคื ืืืื ืืืกืืื ืงืื ืืื ืืขืืืืโ (ืขืจืืื ืื,ื). A ืฉืืจ is vocal; ืืืืืจ is associated with ืืื ืืืจื and is appropriate for ืืืืช ืืฉืื. According to the gemara, music with instruments should be forbidden entirely after the ืืืจืื:
ืืื ืืืจื ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืจ, ืืืื; ืืื ืืื ื ืืืจ, ืืื ืืฉืืืขื ืงืื ืฉื ืฉืืจโืืกืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืื, ืืืกืืจ ืืฉืืืขื: ืืคื ื ืืืืจืื. ืืืคืืื ืฉืืจื ืืคื ืขื ืืืืโืืกืืจืโฆืืืืจ ื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืจ ืืืจื ืชืืฉืืืืช ืื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืงื ืืืืืฆื ืืื ืขื ืืืื.
David implemented ืฉืืจื with instrumental accompaniment, anticipating that he would build the permanent ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ.
So this perek is a ืืืืืจ, a ืฉืืจ of the future, but it is anonymous. We still donโt know who will have written it, as it were.
ืชืืืืื ืฆื that we looked at last time is a ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ about the future. This is the song to be sung in the future, when ืืขืื ื ืืืืื ืืื ืฆืืงืชื. And thatโs why itโs different from ืชืืืืื ืฆื. This is all about the instruments, more than the voice:
ื ืืจืืขื ืืืณ ืื ืืืจืฅ; ืคืฆืื ืืจื ื ื ืืืืจืื
ื ืืืจื ืืืณ ืืื ืืจ; ืืื ืืจ ืืงืื ืืืจืื
ื ืืืฆืฆืจืืช ืืงืื ืฉืืคืจ ืืจืืขื ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืณื
The fact that this psalm is not linked to one author or event attests to its universal quality. It is truly the psalm of the futureโฆEvery creatureโฆwill turn towards G-d and recognize the Torah as the focal point of creation.
โฆืืืจื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืขืฉืจ ืฉืืจืืช, ืืจืืฉืื ื ืืืฆืจืืโฆืืฉื ืืช ืขื ืืื โฆืืฉืืืฉืืช ืขื ืืืืจโฆืืจืืืขืืช ืืืจ ืืฉืโฆืืืืืฉืืช (ืืืืฉืข ื) ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืฉืข ืืืณโฆืืฉืฉืืช (ืฉืืคืืื ื) ืืชืฉืจ ืืืืจื ืืืจืงโฆืืฉืืืขืืช (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืณ ืืช ืืืจื ืืฉืืจื, ืืฉืืื ืืช (ืชืืืื ื) ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืื ืืืช ืืืืช ืืืืโฆืืชืฉืืขืืช ืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืืจ ืืฉืืจืื, ืืขืฉืืจืืช ืืขืชืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืื ื ืคืืืืช ืขืฉื (ืชืืืื ืฆื).
There is another difference: ืชืืืืื ืฆื never mentions the Jews. It is meant for the entire world. This perek is very clear: ืจืื ืื ืืคืกื ืืจืฅ ืืช ืืฉืืขืช ืืืงืื ื. The salvation that ืืณ has revealed is that of his people, ืื ื ืืฉืจืื.
ืืืกื ืืืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืื ืขื ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืช, ืึธืึทืจ ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืขืื ื ืื.
ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ ืชืืืชื ืืงืฆื ืืืจืฅ (ืืฉืขืื ืื:ื), ืฉืขืชืืืื ืืฉืืจืจ ืฉืืจื ืขื ืชืฉืืขืชื ืฉื ืืฉืจืืโฆืืจืขื ืืื ืืืืืื. ืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ืขื ืฉืืฉืจืื ื ืืืืื.
So while this seems to be simply a variation on the theme of Psalm 96, it actually has a different message, one aimed at us rather than the whole world.
When we looked at the 11 ืชืืืืื attributed to Moshe, we noted that 90 and 91 were associated with the building of the ืืฉืื,โ 92 and 94 were associated with the slavery in Egypt, 100 was associated with the ืงืจืื ืชืืื, and 93, 96, 97, 98 and 99 were associated with the daily ืขืืืื. That leaves ืฆื,โ ืืื ื ืจื ื ื. Where does that fit in?
ื ืืื ื ืจื ื ื ืืืณ; ื ืจืืขื ืืฆืืจ ืืฉืขื ืื
ื ื ืงืืื ืคื ืื ืืชืืื; ืืืืจืืช ื ืจืืข ืืื
ื ืื ืึพื ืืืื ืืณ; ืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืืื
ื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืงืจื ืืจืฅ; ืืชืืขืคืช ืืจืื ืืื
ื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืฉืื; ืืืืฉืช ืืืื ืืฆืจืื
ื ืืื ื ืฉืชืืื ืื ืืจืขื; ื ืืจืื ืืคื ื ืืณ ืขืฉื ืื
ื ืื ืืื ืืืงืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืขื ืืจืขืืชื ืืฆืื ืืื;
ืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืชืฉืืขืื
ื ืื ืชืงืฉื ืืืืื ืืืจืืื; ืืืื ืืกื ืืืืืจื
ื ืืฉืจ ื ืกืื ื ืืืืชืืื; ืืื ืื ื ืื ืจืื ืคืขืืื
ื ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืงืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืขื ืชืขื ืืื ืื;
ืืื ืื ืืืขื ืืจืืื
ืื ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืขืชื ืืืคื; ืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืชืื
From the text, it clearly cannot have been written for use in the ืืฉืื originally; it mentions ืืจืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืงืื ืืืืจ. I think it was written at the end of those forty years, as a sort of introduction to ืชืืืืื ืฆื, the original ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืืื,โ ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ. This starts very similarly, except itโs addressed to โusโโืืื ื ืจื ื ืโrather than โyouโโืฉืืจื. We (the author, Moshe, and the audience) all praise ืืณ, with almost the same words as ืชืืืืื ืฆื,โ ืืืื ืืณ ืืืืื ืืื; ื ืืจื ืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืื.
But the tone changes in ืคืกืืง ื. Itโs no longer an invitation to celebrate but an exhortation: Donโt mess this up like you did last time. ืืื ืืืงืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืขื ืืจืขืืชืโฆืืืื ืื ืืงืื ืชืฉืืขื.
He brings up the sin of ืืกื ืืืจืืื:
ื ืืืกืขื ืื ืขืืช ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืจ ืกืื ืืืกืขืืื ืขื ืคื ืืณ; ืืืื ื ืืจืคืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืชืช ืืขืื
ื ืืืจื ืืขื ืขื ืืฉื ืืืืืจื ืชื ื ืื ื ืืื ืื ืฉืชื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืฉื ืื ืชืจืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืชื ืกืื ืืช ืืณื
ื ืืืฆืื ืฉื ืืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืฉื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืขืืืชื ื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืืช ืืชื ืืืช ืื ื ืืืช ืืงื ื ืืฆืืื
ื ืืืฆืขืง ืืฉื ืื ืืณ ืืืืจ ืื ืืขืฉื ืืขื ืืื; ืขืื ืืขื ืืกืงืื ืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืืฉื ืขืืจ ืืคื ื ืืขื ืืงื ืืชื ืืืงื ื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืื ืืช ืืืืจ ืงื ืืืื ืืืืืชื
ื ืื ื ื ืขืื ืืคื ืื ืฉื ืขื ืืฆืืจ ืืืจื ืืืืืช ืืฆืืจ ืืืฆืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืชื ืืขื; ืืืขืฉ ืื ืืฉื ืืขืื ื ืืงื ื ืืฉืจืืื
ื ืืืงืจื ืฉื ืืืงืื ืืกื ืืืจืืื; ืขื ืจืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืขื ื ืกืชื ืืช ืืณ ืืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืณ ืืงืจืื ื ืื ืืืื
Itโs important to note that at ืืกื ืืืจืืื, both Moshe and the people sinned. The people by questioning G-dโs providence (ืืืฉ ืืณ ืืงืจืื ื ืื ืืื), and Moshe by questioning the peopleโs faith (ืขืื ืืขื ืืกืงืื ื).
ืขืืจ ืืคื ื ืืขื: ืืจืื ืื ืืกืงืืื, ืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืขื ืขื ืื ื.
This was the first time Moshe as the leader of ืื ื ืืฉืจืื demonstrates the impatience that will lead to his fate. He will not lead them into ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื;โ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืขืชื ืืืคื; ืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืชื applies to him as well.
ืืืืื, ืขืืื ืืฉืืื, ืืื ืฉื ืื ืื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืงืฆืืืช ืืืขืื ืืืขืืืช ืืืืืืช, ืืืื ืืกืืื ืืช, ืืืฉืจ ื ืื ืื ืืืขืก, ืืืืืจื: (ืืืืืจ ื:ื) โืฉืืขื ื ื ืืืืจืืโ. ืืงืืง ืืณ ืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืขืก ืืคื ื ืงืื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืงืื ืฉืืื ืจืืื ืื ืืืขืกโฆ
Thus this psalm is aimed at himself as well; ื ืงืืื ืคื ืื ืืชืืื. We all need to express our appreciation and gratitude to ืืณ.
And reading this perek as an introduction to the next gives ืฉืืจื ืืืณ ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ a very different meaning. ืืณ was angry with us and swore not to give us ืื ืืื. Now we need to sing a different tune, a ืฉืืจ ืืืฉ in our relationship with Him, that will allow the ืืืจืืช ืืืืื that was lost in the 40 years in the wilderness.