ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืงืจ ืืืืฉ ืืช ืืฆืื ืขื ืฉืืจ ืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืฉืจ ืฆืืื ืืฉื; ืืืื ืืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืืขืจืื ืืืจืขื ืืืืืืื
ืื ืืชืขืจื ืืฉืจืื ืืคืืฉืชืื ืืขืจืื ืืงืจืืช ืืขืจืืื
ืื ืืืืฉ ืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืขื ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืขืจืื; ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืขืื ืืื ื ืืืฉ ืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืืืช ืืคืืฉืชื ืฉืื ืืืช ืืืขืจืืช (ืืืขืจืืืช) ืคืืฉืชืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืื; ืืืฉืืข ืืืื
ืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืืจืืืชื ืืช ืืืืฉ; ืืื ืกื ืืคื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืืจืืืชื ืืืืฉ ืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืืจืฃ ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืขืื; ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืขืฉืจื ื ืืืื ืขืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืช ืืชื ืืชื ืื ืืืช ืืืช ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืคืฉื ืืืฉืจืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืขืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืช ืืคืืฉืชื ืืื ืืืกืืจ ืืจืคื ืืขื ืืฉืจืื; ืื ืื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืขืจื ืืื ืื ืืจืฃ ืืขืจืืืช ืืืงืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืขื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจ; ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืื ืื
ืื ืืืฉืืข ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืื; ืืืืจ ืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืจืืช ืืขื ืื ื ืืฉืช ืืขื ืืฆืื ืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืขืชื ืืช ืืื ื ืืืช ืจืข ืืืื ืื ืืืขื ืจืืืช ืืืืืื ืืจืืชื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืขืฉืืชื ืขืชื; ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืื
ื ืืืกื ืืืฆืื ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื; ืืืฉืืื ืืขื ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืจืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืฉืืขื ืืืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืืื; ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืงืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืคื ืื ืืื ืขืืื; ืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืืช ืื ืืคืืฉืชื ืืื ืืืืื ืขืื: ืื ื ืขืจ ืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืขืจืืื
Tactical Headquarters
The ื ืืื gives us a better look at the structure of the Israelite camp. Thereโs a ืืขืืื where ืืื goes initially but he canโt see his brothers, because the army has left to go to the ืืขืจืื.โ ืืขืจืื, from ืขืจื (as in ืฉืืืื ืขืืจื) means set up, arrayed. Itโs the front lines of battle; itโs the only term weโve seen so far. The ืืขืืื is clearly behind that, from ืขืื, circle. The targum translates it as ืืจืืืื, which is how the targum translates ืื ืืช ืืฆืืจ, you shall build a siege (ืืืจืื ื:ื)โ. The ืจืืดืง explains:
ืืื ืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืกืืื ืืืื ื ืืคืกืื ืืืฉืืฉืืืืช ืฉืื ืืฆื ืืื ืืืฅ ืืืื ื ืืื ืืืฆืืช ืฉืจื ืืืื. ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืจืงืื? ืื ืฉืืืื ืืฉืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืงืืคืื.
Incentive Program
Saul promised three things to whoever defeats Goliath, money, the hand of the princess, and to make his family โfree in Israelโ. Presumably, he had to keep adding incentives as the days went by and no one was brave enough to challenge Goliath. Offering a monetary reward makes sense, but marrying the princess seems very โfairy taleโ-ish and ืืืดื fault him for it:
ืืดืจ ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืชื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืฉืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืขืืจ ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืงืืฉ ืืืคืชื ืืืืขืื ืืืืขืืจ ืขืื ืืืจืื ืืืชืื (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื) ืืืื ืื ืขืจื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ื ืืื ืืืืณ ืืืื ืืคืืณ ืืืืจืช ืืคืืณ ืกืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ื ืื ืจืืงื ืฉืืื ืื ืงืืฉ ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืขืฉืจื ื ืืืื ืขืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืช ืืชื ืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืคืืณ ืขืื ืืคืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืคืชื ืืืืขืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืคืืื ืื) ืืืื ืืืืฆื ืืฉืจ ืืฆื ืืืืชื ืืืชื ืืืืณ ืืืื ืืคืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืื ืืชื
But neither of those work and Saul has to offer a reward to ืืืช ืืืื. The other rewards donโt do anyone any good if heโs been killed in battle, but this goes to his surviving family. And this reward is an implicit acknowledgement that Goliath was right when he called the Israelites ืขืืืื ืืฉืืื.โ ืฉืืืื had warned them that having a king came with a price:
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืฉืคื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืขืืืื: ืืช ืื ืืื ืืงื ืืฉื ืื ืืืจืืืชื ืืืคืจืฉืื ืืจืฆื ืืคื ื ืืจืืืชืื
ืื ืืืฉืื ืื ืฉืจื ืืืคืื ืืฉืจื ืืืฉืื; ืืืืจืฉ ืืจืืฉื ืืืงืฆืจ ืงืฆืืจื ืืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืื ืจืืืื
ืื ืืืช ืื ืืชืืื ืืงื ืืจืงืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืคืืชื
ืื ืืืช ืฉืืืชืืื ืืืช ืืจืืืื ืืืืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืงื; ืื ืชื ืืขืืืืื
ืื ืืืจืขืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืขืฉืจ; ืื ืชื ืืกืจืืกืื ืืืขืืืืื
ืื ืืืช ืขืืืืื ืืืช ืฉืคืืืชืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืจืืื ืืงื; ืืขืฉื ืืืืืืชืื
ืื ืฆืื ืื ืืขืฉืจ; ืืืชื ืชืืื ืื ืืขืืืืื
But even that wasnโt enough to convince anyone to fight.
But when David comes, he is dumbfounded, as the ืืืืืดื sees it:
ืืืชืื ืืงืื ืขืืื ืฉืืจ ืืืจ ืฉืืืขืฉื ืืื ืืกืืจ ืืจืคื ืืขื ืืฉืจืื, ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืืชืจ ืื ืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืช, โืื ืื ืืคืืฉืชืโ ืืืืณ, ืืืื ืื ืื ืืงื ื ืืืณ ืืืขืื ืืชืืืจ ืื ืงืื ื ืงื ืืฆื ืชืขืืจืช ืืงื ืื ืืื ืงืื ืืขืื ืืืืืืงืื, ืืื ืืฆื ืืฉืืจ.
Holding a Grudge
Now we see why the ื ืืื felt it necessary to give us all that information at the beginning; David is in fact innocent of everything that ืืืืื accuses him of. ืืืืื unjustifiably loses his temper and ืืืดื see in this a character flaw:
ืจืดื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืืืขืก ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืกืชืืงืช ืืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืกืชืืงืช ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืกืชืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืชืื (ืืืืืจ ืื) ืืืงืฆืฃ ืืฉื ืขื ืคืงืืื ืืืื ืืืืณ ืืืชืื (ืืืืืจ ืื) ืืืืืจ ืืืขืืจ ืืืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืช ืืืงืช ืืชืืจื ืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืณ ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืณ ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืืขืื ืืื ืื ืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืกืชืืงืช ืืื ื ืืืืืฉืข ืืืชืื (ืืืืื ื ื) ืืืื ืคื ื ืืืืฉืคื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืืณ ืืืชืื (ืืืืื ื ื) ืืขืชื ืงืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืขืืื ืื ืืณ ืืืืณ ืืืจ ืจืื ืื ื ืืจ ืคืืืฉ ืื ืฉืืืขืก ืืคืืื ืคืืกืงืื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืจ ืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื [ืื] ืืจืืช ืืขื ืื ื ืืฉืช ืืขื ืืฆืื ืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืขืชื ืืช ืืื ื ืืืช ืจืืข ืืืื ืื ืืืขื ืจืืืช ืืืืืื ืืจืืช ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืืืืื ืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืฉืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืื ืงืืืชื ืื ืืืกืชืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืื ื
And with his outburst, ืืืืื disappears from history.
On the other hand, we never see David get angry or assume the worst about anyone. In fact, he is criticized for not disciplining his children, and that comes back to haunt him, as we will see.
ื ืึทืจืืฉืงืฒึทื
When David sees Saul, he (David) is the first to speak. His job is to cheer Saul up and thatโs what he tries to do: ืื ืืคื ืื ืืื ืขืืื; donโt be depressed about that man. But Saul has internalized Goliathโs message, using the term ืืืฉ ืืืืื which is first used as a description of ืืณ (in ืื ืืฉืืจ). He even calls David a ื ืขืจ (at the age of 29), presumably meaning it the way ืจืฉืดื translates it (ืืจืืฉืืช ืื:ืื) (and the way it is used in Yiddish), a fool.
So the ื ืืื sets up three contrasts to tell us who David is:
- ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื is impressed with Saulโs offer of money and honor; David is only interested in defending ืืืื ืืณ.
- ืืืืื assumes the worst of others and loses his temper; David trusts in everyone.
- Saul is impressed with strength and military might; David trusts in ืืณ.
Rather than tell us about Davidโs characteristics, the ื ืืื shows us, and in a very subtle way, by showing how he differs in his reactions from those around him.
If this were a fairy tale, the rest of the story would be predictable: David kills the giant, marries the princess and lives happily ever after. The shocking irony is how, after weโve been shown how wonderful David is, his situation gets worse and worse. And this is where we need ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืืโ to tell us how David reacts.