The text interrupts the dramatic tale of the dysfunctional relationship between the halves of the split kingdom to update us on Davidโs home life:
ื ืืืืื (ืืืืืื) ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืชื
ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืื (ืืืืืืื) ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืื; ืืืฉืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื
ื ืืืจืืืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืช; ืืืืืืฉื ืฉืคืืื ืื ืืืืืื
ื ืืืฉืฉื ืืชืจืขื ืืขืืื ืืฉืช ืืื; ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื
ืื ืขื ืืื ื ืฉื ืจืฉืืื ืื ืืืื? ืืืื ืฉืืคืจืฉืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืชืืืฉืช ืืืฆืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืช ืืื. ืฉืืฉื ืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืื โืึฐืืึนืจืึน ืึทืึฐื ืึนืโโืืืจืฉ ืืขืฆืจโืืืฉื ื ืชืืืฉื ืฉื ืืชืืกืกืืช ืืืืฉืืืืช.
And it certainly provides a contrast with the upcoming story of how Ish Boshetโs kingdom falls apart. But it foreshadows a far darker future for Davidโs kingdom. Each of these sons has a story:
ืืื ืื
We know the story of Amnon and his rape of his half-sister Tamar:
ืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืคื ืืฉืื ืชืืจ; ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื
โฆ
ืื ืืืฆื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ื ืขืจืื ืืืืจ ืจืื ื ื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจืชื ืืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืชื ืื ืชืืจืื; ืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืฆืืืชื ืืชืื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืฉื ื ืขืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืืฉืืื; ืืืงืื ืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืจืืื ืืืฉ ืขื ืคืจืื ืืื ืกืื
He was the crown prince in Hebron and ends up murdered by anonymous assassins.
ืืืื
Weโve briefly looked at Kilav in the story of Avigail. ืืืจื ืืืืื has a slightly different version of Davidโs sons:
ื ืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืืช ืฉื ื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืจืืืืชื
ื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ; ืืจืืืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืชื
ื ืืืืืฉื ืฉืคืืื ืืืืืื; ืืฉืฉื ืืชืจืขื ืืขืืื ืืฉืชืื
ื ืฉืฉื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืข ืฉื ืื ืืฉืฉื ืืืฉืื; ืืฉืืฉืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืจืืฉืืื
Why the name change?
ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืืงืืชื ืื ืืืฉื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืื ืคืืจืฉ ืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืืชื ืืขืืืจืช ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืฉืื ืื ืขืืื ืื ืชืขืืจื ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืืืฆื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืฆืื ืืืืืจืื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืขืืืจืช, ืื ืขืฉื ืืงืืดื, ืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืฆืืจืช ืืืื ืืขื ืฆืืจืชื, ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืชืื (ืฉืดื ื) ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืืืืจืขืืืืช, ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืื, ืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื.
And he was a good boy:
ืืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืดืจ ืืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืคื ื ืืคืืืฉืช ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืืืชื (ืืฉืื ืื:ืื) ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืื ื.
ืืจืืขื ืืชื ืืขืืื ืฉื ื ืืฉ [meaning with no other reason for deserving death] ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืงื ืืขืืจื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื.
And whatโs more striking is that he is never involved in the battle for succession. Rav Medan hypothesizes that this very perfection disqualified him from being king:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืฆืืง ืืื ืืขืืืืื ืคืจื ืก ืขื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืงืืคื ืฉื ืฉืจืฆืื ืชืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืืขืชื ืขืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจืื.
So the line of Avigail fades from history. Davidโs marriage to Avigail was, as we discussed, different; it was a manifestation of her ื ืืืื about the future Bat Sheva and the danger and opportunity for David, Avigail was never going to be Queen Mother herself.
ืืืฉืืื
Avshalom was of course the son that David thought was perfect. That didnโt work out so well:
ืืืฉืื ืืืฉืืื ืืจืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืจ; ืืฉืืขืื ืืช ืงืื ืืฉืคืจ ืืืืจืชื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืจืืื
ืืืกืื ืขืฉืจื ื ืขืจืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื; ืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืืชืืื
ืืื ืื
Adoniah wasnโt quite as bad as Avshalom. He never rebelled against his father, but assumed that he was the heir apparent:
ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืช ืืชื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืื; ืืืขืฉ ืื ืจืื ืืคืจืฉืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืฉ ืจืฆืื ืืคื ืืื
And rebelled against Solomon when that didnโt work out:
ืื ืืขืชื ืื ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืืืื ื ื ืืืืฉืืืื ื (ืืืืฉืืื ื) ืขื ืืกื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืื ืืืช ืืืฉืจ ืืืจ; ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืข; ืืืคืืข ืื ืืืืชื
ืฉืคืืื
Shefatiah never appears in ืชื ืดื, but is mentioned in the gemara:
ืืชืืื ืืขืืื ื ืืืฉืคืืืช ืจืื ืืชื ืืฉืคืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืฉืืขื ืืื ืืื
This is important because it establishes the legitimacy of ืจืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืื:
ืื ืืกืืจ ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืง ืืืื ืจืืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืงืืช ืขืืืื
ืืืืืงืง ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืชืืจื ืืจืืื
The line of actually begins with ืืื and continues until the close of the ืชืืืื ืืจืืฉืืื:
ืฆืืฆืืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืืฉื ืืฃ ืื ื ืฉืืื ืืกื ืืืจืื, ืืืฉื 15 ืืืจืืช:
- ืืื ืืืงื
- ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืื
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืงื
- ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืงื
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ื
- ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื (ืืฉื ื) (130-160)
- ืจืื ืืืืื ืื ืฉืื (ืจืื) (160-200)
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืจืื (200-220)
- ืจืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืื (ืืจืืฉืื) (220-250)
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืจืืืขื (250-280)
- ืจืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ื (280-320)
- ืืื ื ืฉืืื (ืืื ืืฉื ื), ืืชืงืื ืืืื ืืขืืจื (320-360)
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืฉื (360-400)
- ืจืื ืืืืื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืืฉื (385-400)
- ืจืื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืฉื (400-425)
ืืืดื wanted to make the point that the leaders of the Jewish community, even with the loss of autonomy to the Romans, was in the hands of the descendents of David. The Hasmonean kings were kohanim, and should never have taken the kingship after the revolt of ืื ืืื. That dynasty started out well but soon fell victim to Hellenization and eventually invited the Romans to take over.
ืืชืจืขื
Who is ืขืืื ืืฉืช ืืื, and why is the only one called that? We have to back to the mishna:
โืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืืโ (ืืืจืื ืื:ืื), ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉืจื
Where does 18 come from? Thereโs only one mention of 18 wives in ืชื ืดื, and ืจืืืขื isnโt exactly a positive role model:
ืืืืื ืจืืืขื ืืช ืืขืื ืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืื ื ืฉืื ืืคืืืืฉืื ืื ื ืฉืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉืจื ื ืฉื ืืคืืืืฉืื ืฉืฉืื; ืืืืื ืขืฉืจืื ืืฉืืื ื ืื ืื ืืฉืฉืื ืื ืืชื
ืืืดื connect the number to David himself and ื ืชื's rebuke:
ืื ื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉืจื ืื ืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื) ืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืโฆ ืืงืืืจ ืืื ื ืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) โืื ืืขื ืืืืกืืคื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืโ. ืืื ื ืฉืืช ืืืื ื ืฉืืช ืืืื ืืื ืชืื ื ืกืจืโฆืืื ืืืื ืืืื? ืืืจ ืจื ืขืืื ืื ืืืื. ืืืื ื ืงืจื ืฉืื ืขืืื? ืฉืืืืื ืขืืื ืืขืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ (ืฉืืคืืื ืื) ืืืื ืืจืฉืชื ืืขืืืชื ืืืืณ.
But ืืชืจืขื canโt be ืืืื's son:
ืืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืชืื
ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ื? ืืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ื) ืืืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืชื! ืืืจ ืจื ืืกืื ืขื ืืื ืืืชื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื. ืืืื, ืื ืื ืืืื ืงื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจืื, ืืืืื ืืขืฉื
ืืืืื ืืืจืืฉืืื ืืื!โฆืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืื.
The Rashash puts this interpretation back in to the ืคืฉื of the text:
ื ืจืื ืื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืคืืื ืืืชื ืฉืืื ืื ืงืืื ืืชื.
ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ
Back to Avshalom and his mother, ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ. Why would David marry the daughter of the king of Geshur? We might assume that it was for diplomatic purposes: a way to ally himself to a neighboring country (Geshur is in the modern Golan). But that does not fit the rest of the story, which takes us back to Amnon and Tamar:
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืช ืืคื ืืฉืื ืชืืจ; ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืื
โฆ
ืื ืืชืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื; ืืืืืง ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืืืชืื ืื ืืชืืืจ ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืขื ื ื ืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฉืจืื; ืื ืชืขืฉื ืืช ืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืื ื ืื ื ืืืืื ืืช ืืจืคืชื ืืืชื ืชืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืื; ืืขืชื ืืืจ ื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืขื ื ืืืื
Leaving aside the important details of this story (which we will have to return to), how can Tamar say ืื ืืื ืขื ื ืืื?
ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืงื ืืช ืืืชื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืช ืขืจืืชื ืืืื ืชืจืื ืืช ืขืจืืชื ืืกื ืืื ืื ืืจืชื ืืขืื ื ืื ื ืขืื; ืขืจืืช ืืืชื ืืื ืขืื ื ืืฉืื
ืืืดื answer that halachically, Tamar was not Davidโs daughter and so was not forbidden to Amnon:
ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืชืืจ ืืช ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืืืชื
ื ืื ืชืฆื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืืืื; ืื ืชื ื ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืฉืืืื
ืื ืืจืืืช ืืฉืืื ืืฉืช ืืคืช ืชืืจ; ืืืฉืงืช ืื ืืืงืืช ืื ืืืฉืื
ืื ืืืืืชื ืื ืชืื ืืืชื; ืืืืื ืืช ืจืืฉื ืืขืฉืชื ืืช ืฆืคืจื ืืื
ืื ืืืกืืจื ืืช ืฉืืืช ืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืชื ืืืืชื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืจื ืืืื; ืืืืจ ืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืืขืืชื ืืืืชื ืื ืืืฉืื
ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืคืฆืช ืื ืืฉืืืชื ืื ืคืฉื ืืืืจ ืื ืชืืืจื ื ืืืกืฃ; ืื ืชืชืขืืจ ืื ืชืืช ืืฉืจ ืขื ืืชืื
ื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืฉื ืืืืืชื, ืื ืชืงืคื ืืฆืจื. ืืื ืื ืืืขืื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืโืืื ืืื ืืกื ืืชืื ืืืชื, ืฉื ืืืจ โืืจืืืช, ืืฉืืื, ืืฉืช, ืืคืช ืชืืืจ . . .โ(ืืืจืื ืื:ืื). ืืืกืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืชื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื, ืขื ืฉืืืฉืื ื.
โฆ
ื ืื ืจืฆืช ืืืชืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืฉื ืื ืขืฉืจ ืืืืฉื ืื ืจืฆืช ืืงืืืช ืฉืืข ืืฆืืืช ืฉื ืฆืืื ืื ื ื ืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืคืฉื; ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืชืืฉืืืื ืืืื ื ื ืืฉื ืืืชื ืฉืืกืืจ ืื ืืืฉื ืืืฉื ืฉืื ื ืชืืืืจื.
ื ื ืชืขืืจื ืืืืื ืจืืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืจ ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื; ืืื ืฉืืืช ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืืขืชื. ืืชืืจ ืืืืื ืจืืฉืื ื ืฉื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ื ืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืฉืืืื. ื ืืฆืืช ืชืืจ ืืืืช ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืจืช ืืืื ืฉื ืืืื ืื; ืืื ืืื ืืืืจืช โืืืจ ื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืขื ื ืืืโ (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื).
I had thought that this aggadic explanation (that Tamar was ืืช ืืคืช ืชืืืจ) was rather far-fetched, but if we look closer we realize that David was not, in fact, at peace with Geshur:
ืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืคืฉืื ืื ืืืฉืืจื ืืืืจืื (ืืืืืจื) ืืืขืืืงื; ืื ืื ื ืืฉืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืขื ืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืืื
And later when Avshalom runs away after the murder of Amnon, it is clear that Geshur does not have an extradition treaty with Israel:
ืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืื ืชืืื ืื ืขืืืืืจ (ืขืืืืื) ืืื ืืฉืืจ; ืืืชืืื ืขื ืื ื ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืจ; ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืช ืื ืืืฉืืื; ืื ื ืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืชื
So now the idea that David married ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ to cement a political alliance is much less likely. That she was a prisoner of war seems more probable, and so she may well have been an ืืฉืช ืืคืช ืชืืจ.
This was not an uncommon thing in Davidโs time:
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืจืืข ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืงืจืื ืืช ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืจืืฉื ืืืืกืืช ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืจืืคืื ืฉื ืืืช ืืื.
ืืืืื: ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืชืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืื.
ืื ื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ: ื ืฉืื ืฉืืงืื ืื ืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื
Itโs important to note that this is a fundamentally immoral law. Itโs not allowing the war-time rape; it is saying that when that happens, the rapist cannot abandon the woman. As the Rambam says, โืื ืืืขืื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืโ:
ืืคืช ืชืืืจโืื ืืืจื ืชืืจื ืืื ืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข, ืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืจ ืชืืืชืืช ืฉืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืืืชืืช ื ืืืืืช.
And ืืืดื connect this law with the ones following, especially the ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื:
ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ื ื ืฉืืข ืืงืื ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืื; ืืืกืจื ืืชื ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืืืืื
ืื ืืชืคืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืื; ืืืืฆืืื ืืชื ืื ืืงื ื ืขืืจื ืืื ืฉืขืจ ืืงืืื
ื ืืืืจื ืื ืืงื ื ืขืืจื ืื ื ื ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืจื ืืื ื ื ืฉืืข ืืงืื ื; ืืืื ืืกืืื
ืื ืืจืืืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืขืืจื ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืขืจืช ืืจืข ืืงืจืื; ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฉืืขื ืืืจืืื
And Avshalomโs subsequent downfall is connected to Davidโs mistake in taking a ืืคืช ืชืืืจ in the first place:
ืืจืฉื ืื ืื ืืคื ืฉืืื ืื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืฉืืงืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืคืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ื ืกืืื ืคืจืฉืช ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืืืชื ืื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืืฆื ืืื ื ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื.
ืื ืืื ืื ืกืื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ื ืคืืง ืืื ืืืื ืื ืกืืจืจ ืืืืจื, ืฉืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืื, ืขื ืฉืืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืฆืืชื ืืืืืื, ืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืฉืืื, ืฉืืืงืฉ ืืืจืื ืืืชื, ืืฉืื ืขื ื ืฉืื ืืขืื ื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืขืื ื ืืฉืืฉ, ืืขื ืืื ื ืืจืื ืืื ืจืืืืช ืืืฉืจืื, ืืขืฉื ืืืืืงืช ืืืฉืจืื.
Rabbi Marc Shapiro has an interesting comment on the meaning of โimmoral lawsโ like this, and how we are to look at the Torahโs attitude:
Another interesting statement from R. Kook on developing morality is found in Pinkesei ha-Reiyah, also published in 2008โฆIn discussing how terrible war is, and the concept of a โpermissible war,โ which is recognized as a halakhic category, he notes that the latter is only suitable for a world which hasnโt developed properly, one which still sees war as a means to achieve things, This proper development can only come when all peoples have reached an elevated stage, since, pace Gandhi, you canโt have one nation practice the higher morality of no war while other nations are still using force. R. Kook describes โpermissible warโ as follows (p. 29):
ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช ืื ื ืืืจื ืืดื ืืื ืืฉืืืช ืฉืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื.
The way the Torah shows this is by the law of yefat toar, concerning which R. Kook writes:
ืื ืื ืืืื ืขื ื ืงืื ืื ืจืง ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืชืืืืช ืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉื, ืื ืืืืืื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืขืดื ืืงืืืช ืืคืช ืชืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืคื ืืืืืืจ. ืืืื ื ืืื ืฉืืฉื ืฉืขืืื ื ืืืชืจืืื ืืืื ืืคืช ืชืืืจ, ืื ื ืืื ืืืชืจืืื ืืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช, ืื ืืืจ ืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืื.
Wouldnโt it be great to hear rabbis talk about stuff like this on Shabbat?! On the very next page of Pinkesei ha-Reiyah, R. Kook applies the same insight to the issue of slavery, seeing it as only a temporary phenomenon, one that the Torah wishes to see done away with.
All in the Family
So this little paragraph introduces us to Davidโs future: the family and the conflicts that will destroy it. And so much starts from ืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืจืข that is his ultimate weakness.