We’ve talked about שרח בת אשר before, in the context of the many aggadot about her long life, and how she symbolized the תורת אמֶיך, the mimetic tradition of Judaism:
But today I want to look at שרח from a more פשט perspective.
This week’s parsha lists all of Yaakov’s descendants who came down with him to Egypt. There are 70 names on the list (including Yaakov).
According to the פשט of the text, only two of those were women: Serach as above, and Dina:
The probability of only one daughter (or no daughters) among 13 children is 1 out of 585. The probability of only 2 or fewer daughters among 69 descendants is 1 out of 244,327,736,075,623,200 (feel free to check my math).
This is one of the places where the דרש is more realistic than the פשט:
It is more reasonable that Yaakov had other, unnamed, daughters and granddaughters. And the text seems to imply that:
Who were כל בנתיו (plural)? Rashi brings both a דרש and a פשט answer:
And similarly in this week’s parsha, Yaakov has בנתיו ובנות בניו:
In order to get plural בנות בניו, Rashi has to bring the דרש:
But the Netziv says that בנות בניו refers to all his granddaughters, who were born but not mentioned:
The example of Avraham is instructive:
The social reality was that any daughters or granddaughters would marry out, and their descendants would be lost to the Jewish people. And if they married their cousins, their descendants would be part of their husband’s tribe and family. The only people named in the Torah are those who have a story worth telling, those that היה בהם ענין נוגע לאומה ישראלית. So what makes these grandsons worth mentioning (as opposed to the granddaughters) is that the Torah is being written from the perspective of 250 years later. And when the Torah says כל הנפש לבית יעקב הבאה מצרימה שבעים it doesn’t mean only seventy; 70 is a symbolic number:
That is what the names here represent. Not that they went down to Egypt, but that they founded the בתי אבות that would leave Egypt, to create an עם ישראל that was (קהלת ז:יד) זה לעמת זה עשה האלקים to the nations of the world. It is these very names that are listed 250 years later, as they are about to re-enter ארץ ישראל:
In other words, the children of Yaakov are mentioned because they are part of the narrative. The grandchildren of Yaakov are mentioned because they are the future families of בני ישראל.
And Serach is in this later list as well:
As well as in the much later genealogies in דברי הימים:
The implication of this, על דרך הפשט, is not that Serach lived hundreds of years, but that she was the matriarch of משפחת השרחי:
That isn’t completely outlandish; we have explicit examples families named for women in the genealogy of Esav:
But the implication of this is even more radical (for the times). Those were women who married into the clan; if what we are saying is right, then Serach’s husband was not מזרע יעקב (or the בית אב would be named for him). Serach overcame האשה ברשות בעלה to bring her family into כלל ישראל, and they remained part of כלל ישראל throughout שעבוד מצרים. We can’t all fight the zeitgeist, but those who do, make all the difference.
Avraham was called עברי in part because he was willing to go against everyone else.
And Serach was his true heir. The midrash makes that connection:
All progress depends on the Serachs of the world.
(I’m not qualified to make this a feminist-themed shiur, but feel free to do so)