Rav Yitzchak Hutner is bothered by Chanukah. We’re doing it wrong.
But there’s no telling the story and eating in the mitzvot of Chanukah. It’s so obviously missing that כנסת ישראל had to invent latkes and sufganiot to fill the gap (and our stomachs), but the תקנה, the actual מצוה דרבנן, is lighting the candles, re-enacting the miracle rather that discussing it over a meal. We do tell the story of the Maccabean revolution, in על הניסים, but nothing about the נס פח השמן.
Rav Hutner connects says the miracle of נס פח השמן is really a continuation of a smaller miracle that happened routinely in the בית המקדש: the נר מערבי stayed lit longer than the oil could possibly burn:
Rav Hutner makes the point that there were many subtle miracles in the בית המקדש:
But the only the menorah is called an עדות, a testimony for the presence of the שכינה. It is not so much the miracle, but the fact that we, as human beings, do the mitzvah of הדלקת הנרות and ה׳ shows His approval of that mitzvah by performing a miracle. נס פח השמן in חנוכה is similar.
Everyone asks, on this gemara, where is the candle lighting? The Maharal answers that holiday was established because of the victory and independence, and the miracle of the פח השמן was a side point:
In other words, the נס פח השמן was the sign, the עדות, שֶׁהַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, that it had returned after the Temple had been defiled. So Rav Hutner concludes that this is why, when חז״ל instituted a מצוה to remember the miracle, we re-create the miracle rather than talking about it:
That warrants some explanation.
There’s a simpler answer for why חז״ל didn’t model Chanukah after Pesach, despite כל דתקון רבנן כעין דאורייתא תקנו. There is a Torah holiday where we do re-enact the miracle rather than talk about it: Sukkot.
And we know that Chanukah was instituted as sort of substitute for Sukkot:
And there are lots of other connections between Chanukah and Sukkot; for example (שבת כב,א): נר של חנוכה שהניחה למעלה מעשרים אמה—פסולה, כסוכה…מהו להסתפק מנויי סוכה כל שבעה? אמר ליה: הרי אמרו אסור להרצות מעות כנגד נר חנוכה.
And the season for bringing בכורים ends with Sukkot, חג האסיף, but the deadline is extended to Chanukah:
Chanukah is the continuation of Sukkot by other means. So it makes sense that the כעין דאורייתא of Chanukah would be based on Sukkot, on re-creating the miracle rather than talking about it. And what miracle are we re-creating?
And what were the ענני כבוד?
We’ve talked before about the problem with these seven clouds:
Rav Mecklenburg says that we are misinterpreting אחד למטה. It refers not to “below the people” but “below the cloud that was on top”:
So by sitting in the סוכה, we are as it were sitting within the שכינה itself. And what are we celebrating?
Sukkot is a celebration of the return of the שכינה to בני ישראל after חטא העגל. Chanukah is a celebration of the return of the שכינה to בני ישראל after the חורבן. But our celebration of both holidays is not about history but about the present. We live in the sukkah to show that we are still living in the midst of the שכינה. We light Chanukah lights to show that the שכינה infuses our homes. Chanukah is modeled on Sukkot, not Pesach. It is not a retelling of the past, but an appreciation of the present.
Bringing the שכינה into our homes requires our active involvement; we re-create the mitzvah that was עֵדוּת הִיא לְבָאֵי עוֹלָם שֶׁהַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. And so Rav Hutner concludes פירסומו של נס מוכרח להיות דוקא דרך קיום מצוה. בימים ההם בזמן הזה is literal. The lit חנוכיה is the עדות that the שכינה is here with us, now.