ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Help, I Need Somebody

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We are going to go back to the beginning of the ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช.

The Gossips

Norman Rockwell, The Gossips, Saturday Evening Post cover, March 6, 1948

ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช;
ืืœ ื”ืณ ื‘ืฆืจืชื” ืœื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ื™ืขื ื ื™ืƒ
ื‘ ื”ืณ ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืžืฉืคืช ืฉืงืจ; ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›

This perek is explicitly about the Gossip Trap, as we talked about last time. Human beings are social primates and need to gossip. We determine our value by how we perceive how others perceive us.

Hell is other people.

Jean-Paul Sartre, No Exit

The No Exit play by Sartre perfectly illustratesโ€ฆthe fact that othersโ€”and their gazeโ€”is what alienates and locks me in a particular kind of being, which in turn deprives me of my freedom.

Philosophy & Philosophers, [Sartre: Hell Is Other People (Explanation)](https://www.the-philosophy.com/sartre-hell-is-other-people

And we canโ€™t escape it. The psalmist looks for help: ื‘ืฆืจืชื” ืœื™ ืงืจืืชื™.

The next pasuk is an apostrophe to the ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข itself.

ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ืžื” ื™ืกื™ืฃ ืœืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื”ืƒ

โ€”ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›:ื’

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืžืจื: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›:ื’) ืžึทื” ื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึทื” ื™ึผึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืœึธืšึฐ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืจึฐืžึดื™ึผึธื”? ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื–ืงื•ืคื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ. ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืืชื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉื”ืงืคืชื™ ืœืš ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆื ื•ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ. ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืš ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื”?

ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•,ื‘

As it were, ื”ืณ Himself is at a loss about what to do with ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข. To eliminate our need to talk about others is to stop us from being human.

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืœื˜ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื”: ืคื•ืง ื–ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฆื“ื• ื˜ื‘ื ืžืŸ ืฉื•ืงื. ื ืคืง, ื–ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืœืฉืŸ. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืคื•ืง ื–ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฆื“ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื ืžืŸ ืฉื•ืงื. ื ืคืง, ื–ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืœืฉืŸ. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืžื”ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ื“ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืœืš ืฆื“ื• ื˜ื‘ื ืืช ื–ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ ืœืฉืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืœืš ืฆื“ื• ื‘ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ ืœืฉืŸ. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืžื™ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืชื ื•ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืชื; ื›ื“ ื”ื•ื” ื˜ื‘, ืœื™ืช ื˜ื‘ื” ืžื ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉ, ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ื”.

ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืœื’:ื

The perek continues:

ื—ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื; ืขื ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ืืƒ

-ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›:ื“

The gemara assumes the subject of the metaphor is ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, who attacks the ื‘ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข with His arrows and coals:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืืžืจ ืžืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื: ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื™ื”ื ื: ืื ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื ื“ื•ื ื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›:ื“): โ€œื—ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ืโ€, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฅ ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื˜:ื–): โ€œื—ืฅ ืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืœืฉื•ื ื ืžืจืžื” ื“ื‘ืจโ€, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื‘:ื™ื’): โ€ื”ืณ ื›ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฆืโ€œ; ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื™ื”ื ื.

ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•,ื‘

But I think the tenor of the perek goes better with the midrash, that takes the arrows and coals as the gossip itself. Yaakov, in his blessing to Yosef, says the archers hated him (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื˜:ื›ื’) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐื˜ึฐืžึปื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื:

ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืžื”ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฆื™ื: ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืฆืชื• ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื›ื—ืฅ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›:ื“): ื—ึดืฆึผึตื™ ื’ึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ืฉืึฐื ื•ึผื ึดื™ื. ื•ืžื” ืจืื” ืœืžืฉืœืŸ ื‘ื—ืฅ ืžื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื“ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ืงื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ื ืืœื ื›ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื—ืœื™ ืจืชืžื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื; ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืคื™ืกื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคื™ืก ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืชื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืชื• ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœืง ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื—ืจืฃ ื•ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื—ืจืฃ.

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฆื—:ื™ื˜

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข has no limits in time or space.

The psalmist continues:

ืื•ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ ื’ืจืชื™ ืžืฉืš; ืฉื›ื ืชื™ ืขื ืื”ืœื™ ืงื“ืจืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›:ื”

Where are ืžืฉืš and ืงื“ืจ, and why does it matter that he lived there? ืžืฉืš is a brother of ื™ื•ืŸ, one of the European descendants of ื™ืคืช:

ื ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืฉื ื—ื ื•ื™ืคืช; ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœืƒ ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืคืช ื’ืžืจ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื“ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื‘ืœ; ื•ืžืฉืš ื•ืชื™ืจืกืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื™

And ืงื“ืจ was a descendant of ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ:

ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืฉืžืชื ืœืชื•ืœื“ืชื; ื‘ื›ืจ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืงื“ืจ ื•ืื“ื‘ืืœ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”:ื™ื’

One could take these nations as prophetic metonyms for the future oppressors of Israel: Christianity and Islam. But I think there is a different symbolism here. Israel was destined to go (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื• ื™ื—)โ€Ž ืžื ื”ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช. We pointed out before that these are not borders:

In Brit Bein HaBโ€™tarim, โ€haโ€™Aretzโ€œ is defined as the land between the Nile and Euphrates. These rivers are not borders; never in the history of mankind have these rivers marked the borders of a single country. Rather, these rivers mark the two centers of ancient civilization โ€”Mesopotamia (โ€œNโ€™har Pratโ€) and Egypt (โ€œNโ€™har Mitzrayimโ€).

Rabbi Menachem Leibtag, The Biblical Borders of the Land of Israel

The contrast then is between the โ€œcivilizedโ€ nations and the scattered nomads of Arabia and the barbarians of Europe (this is well before Greece and Rome).

ื”ื ื” ืืœื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื‘ืื•; ื•ื”ื ื” ืืœื” ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืœื” ืžืืจืฅ ืกื™ื ื™ืืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื˜:ื™ื‘

(Iโ€™m pretty sure ืืจืฅ ืกื™ื ื™ื doesnโ€™t mean โ€œChinaโ€ but poetically it should)

Yes, I am a Jew and when the ancestors of the right honourable gentleman were brutal savages in an unknown island, mine were priests in the temple of Solomon.

attributed to Benjamin Disraeli in reply to a taunt by Daniel Oโ€™Connell

Ancient Near East

based on a map by VK user Narts, ะšะฐั€ั‚ะฐ ะœะฐะปะพะน ะะทะธะธ. ะะฝั‚ะธั‡ะฝะพัั‚ัŒ

The psalmist says he has lived among โ€œbarbariansโ€, and the problem of ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข and ืฉื ืืช ื—ื™ื ื is much worse here, in Israel, at the supposed center of civilization:

ื• ืจื‘ืช ืฉื›ื ื” ืœื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื ืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœื•ืืƒ
ื– ืื ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื›ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ; ื”ืžื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›

ืจื‘ืช: ืจืขื” ื–ื• ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉโ€ืฉื›ื ื” ืœื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืขื ืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœื•ืโ€œ, ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืงื“ืจ ื•ืžืฉืš, ื›ื™.

ืื ื™ ืฉืœื•ื: ื”ื’ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืขืžื”ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื” (ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื•ื) ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื•ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจื™, ื•ื”ื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืืจื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื, ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืžืฉืš ื•ืื”ืœื™ ืงื“ืจ ืฉืจืขืชื ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืจืขืชื.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›:ื•-ื–

And the perek ends there. It does not end on a hopeful note, but we have to realize that this is only the first step in a process. This is the first of the ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช; things will look up from here.

The next perek is (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื)โ€Ž ืืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืขื–ืจื™, which we dealt with in Old Wivesโ€™ Tales. It is about having faith in ื”ืณ and that help will come. Then comes (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื‘)โ€Ž ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ ื ืœืš, which we discussed in Zionism. There we see some of the aspects of speech that are ื›ื“ ื”ื•ื” ื˜ื‘, ืœื™ืช ื˜ื‘ื” ืžื ื™ื”.


The next perek is the response to the ืžืฉืคืช ืฉืงืจ and ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื” of ืคืจืง ืงื›.

ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช;
ืืœื™ืš ื ืฉืืชื™ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืืƒ
ื‘ ื”ื ื” ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœ ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ื
ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉืคื—ื” ืืœ ื™ื“ ื’ื‘ืจืชื”;
ื›ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื ื ื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื’

ืืœื™ืš ื ืฉืืชื™ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ is the answer to ืืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืขื–ืจื™. But we have to note that there are two metaphors for our relationship with ื”ืงื‘ืดื”:

ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื›ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื• ื›ืจื—ื ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื ื›ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืš ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ื•ื ื ื• ื•ืชื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื ื• ืื™ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช

Here, the psalmist is expressing only one of those.

ืืœ ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ืโ€ฆืืœ ื™ื“ ื’ื‘ื™ืจืชื”: ืฉื™ื›ื• ืื•ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉืื• ืขื™ืŸ ืืœื ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉื™ืจื—ืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืจืคื• ื™ื“ื ืžื”ื ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ ื”ื›ื ื• ื•ืžื™ ื ืชื ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ืžืžื ื•.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื’:ื‘

The flip side of the Gossip Trap is Hobbesโ€™s Leviathan. If everything is falling apart from ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื”, then we need the absolute rule of a dictator to pull us out. We just want that dictator to be ื”ืณ, not some human tyrant.

(ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘:ื•) ื”ืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ืš ืงื ืš:โ€ฆืื โ€ืื‘ื™ืšโ€œ ืœืžื” โ€ืงื ืšโ€œ? ื•ืื โ€ืงื ืšโ€œ ืœืžื” โ€ืื‘ื™ืšโ€œ? ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื; ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื“ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืขื‘ื“. ืžื” ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื•, ื›ืš ืืชื ืชืขืฉื• ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื›ื.

ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“:ื

As Rabbi Haym Soloveitchik famously said:

Having lost the touch of His presence, they seek now solace in the pressure of His yoke.

Haym Soloveitchik, Rupture and Reconstruction: The Transfonnation of Contemporary Orthodoxy

ื’ ื—ื ื ื• ื”ืณ ื—ื ื ื•; ื›ื™ ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ื•ื–ืƒ
ื“ ืจื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืขื” ืœื” ื ืคืฉื ื•;
ื”ืœืขื’ ื”ืฉืื ื ื™ื; ื”ื‘ื•ื– ืœื’ืื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืœื’ืื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื)ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื’

We ask for ื—ืŸ, undeserved (ื—ื™ื ื) mercy, because we canโ€™t take the humiliation any more. ืจื‘ืช is an an unusual word; we saw it before referring to the ืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœื•ื and we will see it again in ืคืจืง ืงื›ื˜, referring to ืจึทื‘ึผึทืช ืฆึฐืจึธืจื•ึผื ึดื™ ืžึดื ึผึฐืขื•ึผืจึทื™. It means โ€œtoo muchโ€.

ืจื‘ืช: ื–ื” ืจืข ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืฉโ€ืฉื‘ืขื” ืœื” ื ืคืฉื ื•โ€œโ€ฆืžื” ืฉื”ืœืขื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืื ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ื– ืœื’ืื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื›ืดื› ืขื“ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืื ื ื™ื ืžืœืขื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ื– ืœื’ืื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืœืขื•ื’ ืžืขื ืฉืคืœ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœืขื’, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื‘ื–ื• ืื™ืฉ ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืœืขื’ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื’:ื“

And here the perek ends, again on an apparently negative note.

We have โ€œascendedโ€ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›)โ€Ž ืžืฉืคืช ืฉืงืจ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื™ื”, through (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื)โ€Ž ืืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืขื–ืจื™ of and the hope of (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื‘)โ€Ž ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ ื ืœืš to our perek. The answer to ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืขื–ืจื™ is ื”ื ื” ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœ ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ื. It is not a good answer, but at least it is an answer, and it leads from drowning in gossip (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื“)โ€Ž ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื• to being saved: ื”ืคื— ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืœื˜ื ื•. The next perakim that talk of building Jerusalem: (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื”)โ€Ž ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ืžื•ื˜,โ€Ž(ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื•)โ€Ž ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืณ ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ and (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื–)โ€Ž ืื ื”ืณ ืœื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช. This series of ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ends with

ื” ื™ื‘ืจื›ืš ื”ืณ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ; ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืšืƒ ื• ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš; ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื—

(We discussed ืคืจืงื™ื ืงื›ื“-ืงื›ื• last time and ืคืจืงื™ื ืงื›ื–-ืงื›ื— in A Dream Deferred)

ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื and ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ is nice, but it represents a relationship with ื”ืงื‘ืดื” of ื›ืขื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœ ื™ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื”ื. It is a relationship of ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. It the first flight of stairs to the true ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, but we canโ€™t stop at the landing. As Rav Dessler says:

ืื™ืœื• ืขืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื›ื ืดืœ, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืจื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ.

ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื—ื– ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸโ€”ืดื“ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื›ืช"โ€”ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื›ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸโ€ฆ

ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘, ืขืžืณ 275-281, ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ

So we start another series of ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช, that will end with the last ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช,โ€Ž ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื“. That is a two-pasuk introduction to ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. We discussed it in that context, in ื”ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. In the metaphor of the steps leading to the ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, we arrive at the doorway to the courtyard itself. The way to get there is via the penultimate perek, (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงืœื’)โ€Ž ื”ื ื” ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื” ื ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. The second โ€œflight of stairsโ€ goes from ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ to ืžื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”,โ€Ž ืžื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื.

This section starts with a look at the difficult history of the psalmist/Israel (remembering that ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื can apply both to the individual and the community):

ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช;

ืจื‘ืช ืฆืจืจื•ื ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™

ื™ืืžืจ ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ื‘ ืจื‘ืช ืฆืจืจื•ื ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™;

ื’ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื˜

The parallel is with ืคืจืง ืงื›ื“:

ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“;

ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืณ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•

ื™ืืžืจ ื ื ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ื‘ ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืณ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•

ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืื“ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื“

But that perek had more of a sense of immediacy; this is ืจื‘ืช ืฆืจืจื•ื ื™ ืžื ืขื•ืจื™, a historical look back, thanking ื”ืณ for saving us.

ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ืงื ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฆืจืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฆืจื” ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืœืึพืœ ืฉืœื ื›ืœื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช. ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฆืจื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื›ืœื•ืชื™

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื˜:ื

And the metaphor here is of a farmer abusing his oxen as he plows:

ื’ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจืฉื• ื—ืจืฉื™ื; ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ืœืžืขื ื•ืชื (ืœืžืขื ื™ืชื)ืƒ
ื“ ื”ืณ ืฆื“ื™ืง; ืงืฆืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื˜

ืœืžืขื ื™ืชื: ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื• ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื‘ื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืš ื”ืžืขื ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื ื•ื—ื• ืขื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืงื• ื•ื‘ืืžืจื• ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ืœืžืขื ื™ืชื, ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื ืชื ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ื•ื— ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืžืกื‘ืœื•ืชื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื˜:ื’

We were released from the anarchy of the State of Nature of ืคืจืง ืงื›, but ended up tied to the yoke of tyranny, the Leviathan. If we have no independence of thought, we are nothing more than animals. And ื”ืณ released us from that as well. So our enemies cannot abuse us, and their metaphoric crop fails:

ื” ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื•ื™ืกื’ื• ืื—ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸืƒ
ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—ืฆื™ืจ ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœืฃ ื™ื‘ืฉืƒ
ื– ืฉืœื ืžืœื ื›ืคื• ืงื•ืฆืจ; ื•ื—ืฆื ื• ืžืขืžืจืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื˜

ื—ืฆืŸ is a rare word that seems to refer to part of ones clothing for carrying things:

ื›ื” ืืžืจ ืื“ื ึพื™ ื”ืณ ื”ื ื” ืืฉื ืืœ ื’ื•ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืืœ ืขืžื™ื ืืจื™ื ื ืกื™; ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนืฆึถืŸ ื•ื‘ื ืชื™ืš ืขืœ ื›ืชืฃ ืชื ืฉืื ื”ืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื˜:ื›ื‘

But however to translate it, there wonโ€™t be an ืขื•ืžืจ of wheat in it. And more:

ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ ืืœื™ื›ื;
ื‘ืจื›ื ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื›ื˜:ื—

If ื”ืณ made it so that the passers-by will not offer ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืณ to our enemies, then the implication is that these enemies who abuse us are not just outside nations but fellow Jews, who should be greeting each other ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ. Back in ืคืจืง ืงื›ื“ it was ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืณโ€ฆ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ that broke us out of the trap:

ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืณ ืฉืœื ื ืชื ื ื• ื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ื”ืืƒ
ื– ื ืคืฉื ื• ื›ืฆืคื•ืจ ื ืžืœื˜ื” ืžืคื— ื™ื•ืงืฉื™ื;
ื”ืคื— ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืœื˜ื ื•ืƒ
ื— ืขื–ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ ืขืฉื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื›ื“

And we need it again to break our bonds: ืงืฆืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื.

In the aggadah that started this series on ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช, David uses the ืฉื ื”ืณ to control the raging waters:

ื›ึผึธืชึตื‘ ืฉืึตื ืึทื—ึทืกึฐืคึผึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื“ึตื™ ืœึดืชึฐื”ื•ึนืžึธื, ื•ึผื ึฐื—ึตื™ืช ืชึผึฐื”ื•ึนืžึธื ืฉืึดื™ืชึผึฐืกึทืจ ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ื’ึผึทืจึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื™. ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธื–ึตื™ ื“ึผึฐื ึธื—ึตื™ืช ื˜ื•ึผื‘ึธื, ืึฒืžึทืจ: ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื“ึผึฐืžึดื™ื“ึผึฐืœึตื™โ€”ื˜ึฐืคึตื™ ืžึดื™ืจึฐื˜ึทื‘ ืขึธืœึฐืžึธื. ืึฒืžึทืจ ื—ึฒืžึตืฉื ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐืึทืกึผึฐืงึตื™ื”ึผ ื—ึฒืžึตื™ืกึทืจ ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ื’ึผึทืจึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื™, ื•ึฐืื•ึนืงึฐืžึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืœึฐืคึผึธื ื’ึผึทืจึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื™.

ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื’,ื‘

The way we have interpreted this symbolism, the flood represents the Gossip Trap, and the arid waterless world is the Leviathan. The compromise is to call out ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ.

ื•ื™ืขืชืง ืžืฉื ื”ื”ืจื” ืžืงื“ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืืœ; ื•ื™ื˜ ืื”ืœื” ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ ืžืงื“ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”ืณ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘:ื—

But greeting other people ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ has a specific meaning:

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื– ื‘ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืณ ืขืžื›ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ื‘ืจื›ืš ื”ืณืƒ

ืจื•ืช ื‘:ื“

ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื ืื“ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฉื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: โ€ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื– ื‘ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืณ ืขืžื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื™ื‘ืจื›ืš ื”ืณโ€œโ€ฆื•ืื•ืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜:ืงื›ื•) ืขืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึทื”ืณ ื”ึตืคึตืจื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ. ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืื•ืžืจ, ื”ืคืจื• ืชื•ืจืชืš ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืณ.

ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื˜:ื”

ื•ื›ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื ืื“ื ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืึพืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืœืช โ€ืฉืœื•ืโ€œ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืดื” (ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืฃ ื™,ื‘).

ืจืžื‘ืดื, ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื˜:ื”

The ืฉื ื”ืณ we use in greeting is ืฉืœื•ื.

ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื ืจืฉืดื™ ื•ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื ืจืื” ื›ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืณ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื–ืดืœ: โ€ืฉื™ื”ื ืื“ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืโ€”ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื•ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ืœื–ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื•โ€ฆืืฃ ื–ื”, ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื• ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื“ืคื”ื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืจืื” ืืกื•ืจโ€œ.

ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”

And that, the invocation of ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, is the next step up in the ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช.