ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: From Childhood to Adultery

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื• ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“; ืœืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืžื’ืœื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื“

How could Saul do this with Davidโ€™s wife? The text even emphasizes the problem, calling her ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“. One explanation might be that, in fact, Saul sinned. The Midrash Tehillim attributes the advice to our old adversary, Doeg:

ืœืžื” ืงืจื ืฉืžื• [ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืื’] ืื“ื•ืžื™?โ€ฆืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ: ืขืœ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“. ืฉืืžืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืžื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฉืชื• ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื™ื ืฉื ืœืื—ืจ.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื—ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื ื‘

However, thereโ€™s an important point to be made about ืชื ืดืš.โ€Ž ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ is written as a ืกืคืจ ื ื‘ื•ืื”, not just as a history book. We have mentioned before that the actions of those that the ื ื‘ื™ื or ื—ื–ืดืœ identify as ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื are assumed to be consistent with the Torah, unless they are specifically called out as wrong (such as David and Bat Sheva). While we can assume Doeg was sinning, we are going to try to justify the actions of Saul and David, and even can use the stories here to learn ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. The questions at hand are ones that come up in real life, and this incident is quoted by the ืคื•ืกืงื™ื in deciding matters of marriage and adultery. We will therefore be going further afield than usual, quoting not just the ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคืฉื˜ but also those who focus on actual ื”ืœื›ื”.

It goes without saying, so Iโ€™m going to engage in a little paralipsis: I make no claim to know anything and nothing I say can be used for a final halachic decision. CYLOR.

One solution is to say that David was not at that time married to Michal. We know that ื—ื–ืดืœ said that every Israelite soldier would give his wife a get before going to war, to avoid a possible ืขื’ื•ื ื” problem:

ื“ืืดืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืืดืจ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื˜ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื–) ื•ึฐืึตืช ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื—ึฒืจึดืฆึตื™ ื”ึถื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืชึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐืฉื‚ึทืจ ื”ึธืึธืœึถืฃ; ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึทื—ึถื™ืšึธ ืชึผึดืคึฐืงึนื“ ืœึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึฒืจึปื‘ึผึธืชึธื ืชึผึดืงึผึธื—ืƒ ืžืื™ ืขืจื•ื‘ืชื ืชื ื™ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื”.

ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•, ื

ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ื™ ื’ื˜ ื ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื›ื™ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืฉื ื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขืžื• ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืจื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื›ืจืื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืจื— ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืœืชืช ื’ื˜ ืœื‘ืชื• ืฉืœื ืชืฉื‘ ืขื’ื•ื ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืชื ื” ืœืืฉื” ืœืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ.

ืจื“ืดืง ,ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื’

But thereโ€™s a huge problem with this answer, from Davidโ€™s later behavior:

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ: ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื—ื” ืžืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ืฉ (ืœื™ืฉ)ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

If he divorced Michal, he cannot remarry her after she is married to Palti:

ื ื›ื™ ื™ืงื— ืื™ืฉ ืืฉื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื”; ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืกืคืจ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉืœื—ื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื•ืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื•; ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจืƒ ื’ ื•ืฉื ืื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื” ืกืคืจ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉืœื—ื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื•; ืื• ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืœืงื—ื” ืœื• ืœืืฉื”ืƒ ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืžืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ; ื•ืœื ืชื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ืณ ืืœื”ื™ืš ื ืชืŸ ืœืš ื ื—ืœื”ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื“

And the Radak is aware of the problem:

ื•ืืดืช ืื ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ืฉืชื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืฉืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืื• ืฉื ืชืืจืกื”. ื•ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ืขืชื• ื ืชืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื’ื˜โ€ฆื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืžื• [ืขื ืฉืื•ืœ] ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืœืชืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ื’ื˜ ื”ืžืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืกื•ืœโ€ฆื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ื’ื˜ ืืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื• ืจืื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื ื•ืก ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ื”ืกืชื™ืจื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื’ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื˜. ื•ืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื˜ ื’ื˜โ€ฆื•ื”ื ื” ืžื™ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืขืœื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช

ืจื“ืดืง ,ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื’

So if the divorce was invalid, why bring it up? It explains why Saul would feel it permissible to have Michal marry another, and why Michal would go along with it (at least, we have no evidence that she protested, and Palti is called ืื™ืฉื”). But this explanation is rather forced; thereโ€™s no evidence for it in the text. And it leaves unanswered another textual question: why does David call her ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื? Why bring that up?

Before we get to that, I want to mention one other solution to the problem, from the Gemara:

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคืœื˜ื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืืžืจ ืจืณ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคืœื˜ื™ ืฉืžื• ื•ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืฉืคืœื˜ื• ืึพืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื ืขืฅ ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื“ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื–ื” ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื” ื›ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื˜ืขืžื• ื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืื”.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘

While this makes Palti a great ืฆื“ื™ืง, it doesnโ€™t really solve the problem of adultery, as Tosaphot points out (in a discussion of immorality with both parties fully clothed):

ื•ืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฅ ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื” (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืคืณืดื‘ ื“ืฃ ื™ื˜,ื‘) ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืฉืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ืœืจื”ืดืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื—ื•ื“; ืื• ืฉืžื ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”.

ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’,ื‘, ื“ืดื” ืžื˜ื” ื—ื“ื ื”ื•ืื™

What does ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช mean by ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืฉืื•ืœ? The gemaraโ€™s solution to the question of how Saul could give away Michal centers on Davidโ€™s comment about the ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื:

ืฉืืœื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ืจืณ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื™ืืš ื ืฉื ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ?โ€ฆ ืจืณ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื—ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ืจื‘ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืกืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื. ืžืื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ื? ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืคืคื ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืœื ืžื™ืจื‘ ืืฉืชื™. ืžืื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช? ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื–) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื ื• ื™ืขืฉืจื ื• ื”ืžืœืš ืขื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื’ื•ืณ. ืื–ืœ ืงื˜ืœื™ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื• [ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ื“] ืžืœื•ื” ืื™ืช ืœืš ื’ื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช; ืื–ืœ ื™ื”ื‘ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—) ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืชืช ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ื’ื•ืณ. ืืดืœ ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ืช ื“ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืžื™ื›ืœ, ื–ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื. ืื–ืœ ืื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื”. ืืดืœ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื™ืช ืœืš ื’ื‘ืื™; ืฉืื•ืœ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืืžืœื•ื”, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื•ืื™ื‘ืขื™ืช ืื™ืžื ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืฉืื•ืœ ืกื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื–ื• ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืกื‘ืจ ื—ื–ื• ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ ื•ืฉื•ื ืจื™.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘

So Saul had a halachic justification for claiming that David was not truly married to Michal, even though the final ืคืกืง is that he was married (similar to Radakโ€™s explanation about the get, above). The ืคื•ืกืงื™ื use this as the โ€œhookโ€ to explain our story.

But first, we need to look at another adultery in ืชื ืดืš: Esther. The gemara claims she was in fact married to Mordechai:

ืชื ื ืžืฉื•ื ืจืดืž ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ืœื‘ืช ืืœื ืœื‘ื™ืช.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’,ื

Which brings up the question of how she could allow herself to be married to Achashverosh:

ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื›ื“ืช ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื ื›ืš ืื•ื‘ื“ ืžืžืš.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•,ื

ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ื ื‘ืขืœืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื ืก.

ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืžื“ืขืชื™.

ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžืžืš: ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ืื ื™ ืœืš ื“ืืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืื ืกื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืขืœื”.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉื

This brings up the fascinating question of whether Esther was right to do what she did; commit a mortal sin to save the entire Jewish people:

ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืขืชื ื‘ื›ื•ืชื—ื [โ€like an egg in milkโ€œโ€”something obvious in halacha, like the fact that eggs are pareve] ื›ื™ ืืกืชืจ ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคื™ืณ ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœโ€ฆื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ื ืืกืจื” ืขืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื”โ€ฆ

ืฉื•ืดืช ืžื”ืจื™ืดืง ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืกื–

And the Rashbaโ€™s famous comment:

ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื ื›ืš ืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžืžืšโ€ฆื“ื”ื ืืกืชืจ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื” ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื•ืชื”ืจื’ ื•ืืœ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืจืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืืกืจืช ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘ืดื, ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•,ื

But it would take us too far afield to go into that question. We are left with the gemaraโ€™s unambigous conclusion that ืืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืื ืกื” ืžื•ืชืจืช. The Rashba puts this together with the discussion above about Saulโ€™s halachic reasoning to bring what I think is an amazing ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ (the Radak comes to a similar conclusion with respect to his proposed invalid get):

ืฉืืœืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืš ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจืชื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืกื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืคื™ ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื–ืดืœ.

โ€ฆ

ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืช ืืฆืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืืš ื ืชื ื” ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•? ื•ืื ื ืฉืืช ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื” ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืชืจื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“? ื•ื”ืœื ืืกื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื• ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืดื“) ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื—ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื˜ืžืื”. ื•ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื˜ืžืื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ื˜ื” ืฉื ืกืชืจื” ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืขืœ.

ืื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื“ืฃ ื™ื˜,ื‘) ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸโ€ฆื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื’ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืœืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ืœืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื. ื•ืžื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืื™ืจืฉื” ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืขื•ืช.

โ€ฆ

ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ืชื™.

ื•ืื ื–ื” ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ืœืš ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืื•ื ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื ืฉืจื™ ื•ืืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืื ืกื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื”. ื•ืœื ืื•ื ืก ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืฃ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืœื• ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื•โ€ฆื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื ืฉืืช ืืฆืœ ืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืจ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืื™ื ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจ. ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืื ื•ืกื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื•. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืื ื•ืกื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจืงืข ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื” ื ื‘ืขืœืช. ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืืกืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ืฉืืช ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื—ื™ืงื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื•ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืงื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื”.

ืฉื•ืดืช ื”ืจืฉื‘ืดื ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™

Note that Michal is permitted to David whether or not she went willingly to Paltiel. We will look more at her mindset toward her first husband when we deal with her return ืขืœ ืืชืจ in ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘.

The Malbim summarizes our conclusions:

ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืคืœืื• ืื™ืš ื ืชืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื‘ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ, ื•ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ื˜ืžืื”, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืจื“ืดืง ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ืื ืก ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืœื’ืจืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืดื– ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื˜ ืžืขื•ืฉื” ื•ืคืกื•ืœ, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžื”ืจื™ืดื ืฉืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืœืืฉื” ืจืง ืœืฉืžืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื›ืœืชื• ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืจื— ืžืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ (ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉืดื‘ ื’:ื˜ื–) ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืงืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ื˜ืขื” ื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœืžื›ื” ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืฉื•ื™ื ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืง ื“ื•ื“ (ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉื ื™ื“) ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืดื– ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื ื•ืกื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื˜ืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื” ืžืช ื‘ืขืœืš ื•ื ืฉืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืืกืจื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื“, ื“ืดื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•