ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Father of Peace

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

We now turn to Avshalomโ€™s reaction to Amnon, but itโ€™s important to realize that this isnโ€™t about Amnon at all. This is the beginning of the end of Davidโ€™s ืžืœื›ื•ืช. Avshalom is setting the stage for his rebellion. Even though he is Davidโ€™s son, weโ€™ve discussed before how a โ€œืžืžืœื›ื”โ€ requires a peaceful transfer of power. Killing the king and taking over from him does not count as a โ€œnation of laws, not menโ€.

ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืขืดืค ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœื ื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืืžื ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืึทื—ึตืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจืฅ ื“ื™ื ื• ืœืžื™ืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“, ืœื›ืš ืกื‘ืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื”ืœืš ืขืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื•ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืžืœ ืขืœื™ื•.

โ€ฆื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืดืค ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ืืžื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ืืช,ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ืœืš ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืฆืœื• ื”ืžืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“โ€ฆ

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื›ื—

ื›ื’ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื–ื–ื™ื ืœืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฆื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ืขื ืืคืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ื™ื‘ื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื ื ื’ื–ื–ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ืš; ื™ืœืš ื ื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืขื ืขื‘ื“ืšืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœ ื ื ื ืœืš ื›ืœื ื• ื•ืœื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ืš; ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืื‘ื” ืœืœื›ืช ื•ื™ื‘ืจื›ื”ื•ืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื™ืœืš ื ื ืืชื ื• ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืœืžื” ื™ืœืš ืขืžืšืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ ื‘ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื; ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืืชื• ืืช ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื’

ื•ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืจ ืžืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ื—ื ื™ืคื• ืฉื ืชื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืฉื˜ืžืชื• ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืœืš ืขืžื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื•ืœืช ื–ืืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื’ื–ื•ื– ืืช ืฆืื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”, ืงืจื ืืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืขืžื•.

ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืฉ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื™ืœืš ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื™ืœืš ื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืกืคืง ืžืœื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื• ื“ืจืฉ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ืช ืื—ื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื ืฉืžื”.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื›ื’-ื›ื“

It certainly feels as though David harbors some suspicion (ืœื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ืš is a weak excuse, and he questions ืœืžื” ื™ืœืš ืขืžืš), but not enough to act on. David also demonstrates his weakness, in that he cannot say no outright to Avshalom.

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื: ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฆื ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืœืš ื ื ืืชื ื• ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœืš.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื›ื•

The word that the text uses for โ€œpressureโ€, ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ, is unusual. Itโ€™s usually ื•ื™ืคืฆืจ:

ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ: ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื•ืš ื•ื™ืคืฆืจ.

ืจื“ืดืง ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื›ื–

ื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”ึดื ึผึถื” ื ึผึธื ืึฒื“ึนื ึทื™ ืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ื ึธื ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึผึฐื›ึถื; ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึผึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนื‘ ื ึธืœึดื™ืŸืƒ ื’ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืฆึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืกึปืจื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน; ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ืึธืคึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

ื•ื™ืคืจืฅ literally means โ€œto break outโ€:

ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš ื›ืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคืจืฆืช ื™ืžื” ื•ืงื“ืžื” ื•ืฆืคื ื” ื•ื ื’ื‘ื”; ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ื–ืจืขืšืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—:ื™ื“

We could read it as โ€œbreaking the boundsโ€ of polite society, that Avshalom was a nudzh, but thereโ€™s a subtle implication:

ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืžึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธืฆึธื ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึทืชึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึทื” ืคึผึธืจึทืฆึฐืชึผึธ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืคึผึธืจึถืฅ; ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืคึผึธืจึถืฅืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื—:ื›ื˜

ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•: ืžืœืš ืคื•ืจืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื“ืจืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•.

ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืคื™ืณ ืงืกื

Itโ€™s a hint that Avshalom is acting like the king, and not David.

So Avshalom makes a grand party (and the Septuagint adds that it was another example of him acting as a king):

ฮšฮฑแฝถ แผฮฒฮนแฝฑฯƒฮฑฯ„ฮฟ ฮฑแฝฯ„แฝธฮฝ ฮ‘ฮฒฮตฯƒฯƒฮฑฮปฯ‰ฮผ ฮบฮฑแฝถ แผ€ฯ€แฝณฯƒฯ„ฮตฮนฮปฮตฮฝ ฮผฮตฯ„ ฮฑแฝฯ„ฮฟแฟฆ ฯ„แฝธฮฝ ฮ‘ฮผฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฮบฮฑแฝถ ฯ€แฝฑฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟแฝบฯ‚ ฯ…แผฑฮฟแฝบฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟแฟฆ ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮนฮปแฝณฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑแฝถ แผฯ€ฮฟแฝทฮทฯƒฮตฮฝ ฮ‘ฮฒฮตฯƒฯƒฮฑฮปฯ‰ฮผ ฯ€แฝนฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„แฝฐ ฯ„แฝธฮฝ ฯ€แฝนฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟแฟฆ ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮนฮปแฝณฯ‰ฯ‚.

And Absalom pressed him, and he sent with him Amnon and all the kingโ€™s sons; and Absalom made a banquet like the banquet of the king.

Septuagint, 2 Kings 13:27

ื›ื— ื•ื™ืฆื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืช ื ืขืจื™ื• ืœืืžืจ ืจืื• ื ื ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื›ื• ืืช ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืชื ืืชื• ืืœ ืชื™ืจืื•; ื”ืœื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื™ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื—ื–ืงื• ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื—ื™ืœืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื ืขืจื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœืืžื ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื; ื•ื™ืงืžื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืจื›ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืจื“ื• ื•ื™ื ืกื•ืƒ ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื”ืžื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืื” ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืืžืจ; ื”ื›ื” ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ืื—ื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื’

No one knew that Avshalom was planning revenge on Amnon specifically. As far as anyone could tell, this was a coup d'รฉtat.

ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืจื—ื• ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ืžื™ืช ื›ืœื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื›ื” ื›ืœื ื•ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ืขื“ ืื—ื“.

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ื›ื˜

ื•ื™ืงื ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื™ืงืจืข ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉื›ื‘ ืืจืฆื”; ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื ืฆื‘ื™ื ืงืจืขื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ืœื

It would seem that in Davidโ€™s mind, this was the fullfillment of Nathanโ€™s prophecy:

ื•ืขืชื” ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ ื—ืจื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืชืš ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื; ืขืงื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืชื ื™ ื•ืชืงื— ืืช ืืฉืช ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืœืืฉื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื‘:ื™

And not only are Davidโ€™s children dead (presumably including the two-year-old Shlomo), but Avshalom had nagged David to come as well. If David had been at this party, he would also have been a victim. Avshalom is going to kill any possible rival and take over. Itโ€™s how the system works when it no longer works:

ื•ืขืชืœื™ื” ืื ืื—ื–ื™ื”ื• ืจืืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืช ื‘ื ื”; ื•ืชืงื ื•ืชืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”ืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื™ื:ื

But then thereโ€™s โ€œgoodโ€ news: only Amnon is dead:

ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื” ืื—ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžื™ืชื• ื›ื™ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžืช; ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‚ื•ืžื” ืžื™ื•ื ืขื ืชื• ืืช ืชืžืจ ืื—ืชื•ืƒ ืœื’ ื•ืขืชื” ืืœ ื™ืฉื ืื“ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืืžืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืžืชื•; ื›ื™ ืื ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžืชืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื’

ืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื•ื ื™: ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื ืกื‘ื‘ื” ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ืืžื ื•ืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื•ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ืดื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ืจื™ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘, ืืœ ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžื™ืชื• ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ื–ืจืข ื”ืžืœืš, ืœื ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืง ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžืช ื•ืœื ืžื˜ืขื ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”, ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื ืขื ื•ืชื• ืืช ืชืžืจ ืื—ื•ืชื• ืœื”ื ืงื ื‘ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื’:ืœื‘

Now, weโ€™ve seen ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ before. Heโ€™s the one who started this whole mess:

ื’ ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืŸ ืจืข ื•ืฉืžื• ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื” ืื—ื™ ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ื•ื ื“ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ืžืื“ืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ื›ื›ื” ื“ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืœื•ื ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื™; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืžืจ ืื—ื•ืช ืื‘ืฉืœื ืื—ื™ ืื ื™ ืื”ื‘ืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื™ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ืš ื•ื”ืชื—ืœ; ื•ื‘ื ืื‘ื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืชืš ื•ืืžืจืช ืืœื™ื• ืชื‘ื ื ื ืชืžืจ ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ืชื‘ืจื ื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืืฉืจ ืืจืื” ื•ืื›ืœืชื™ ืžื™ื“ื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื’

And thatโ€™s the last we see of him. What is he doing here? How does he know what happened with Avshalom and Amnon? The answer, I think is in his description, ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ืžืื“.

ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงืจื™ ื—ื›ื™ื? ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื”: ืื™ื–ื”ื• ื—ื›ื ื”ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“.

ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื‘:ื

Heโ€™s the one who sees whatโ€™s coming, first ingratiating himself to Davidโ€™s ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, the heir apparent, Amnon, and now connecting the dots that no one else connected, to understand what Avshalom was thinking. Yonadav likely also realizes that this makes Avshalom the next in line for power (not taking Shlomo seriously) and in one fell swoop he can ingratiate himself to both David (reassuring him about the other sons) and Avshalom (by diverting Davidโ€™s anger at him).

Weโ€™re probably at the point of Davidโ€™s greatest despair. David thinks all his sons have been killed, except for the one son who is coming to get him next. He thought that he has already paid for his sin with Bat Sheva, but this is infintely worse . There is a perek of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื that deals with that level of despair.

ื ืœืžื ืฆื— ืขืœ ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ; ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“ืƒ
ื‘ ืึพืœื™ ืึพืœื™ ืœืžื” ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื™; ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื™ืฉื•ืขืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืื’ืชื™ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

The ืกืคืจื™ ืืžืชโ€Žโ€”ืื™ื•ื‘,โ€Ž ืžืฉืœื™ and ืชื”ื™ืœื™ืโ€”deal with the question of theodicy: ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืจืข ืœื•. Why do bad things happen to good people? There is no good answer, but there are approaches, ways for us to live our lives with that unknowing. The approach of David in ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื is ื’ื ื–ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”: no matter how bad things are, ื”ืณ will see that it will work out in the end. That is expressed in this, one of the darkest ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, in the ื›ื•ืชืจืช.

ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ: ืฉื ื›ืœื™ ื–ืžืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื– ืืฆืœื.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ื

ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืœืช ืฉื ื›ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ืงืจ; ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื–ื›ืจื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื; ื™ื•ืžื ื’ ื‘) ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื‘ ื”ื‘ืงืจ: ืื™ืœืชื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ื

ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื ืฆื— ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืคืฅ ื›ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืฉื›ื”. ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืจ? ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”. ื•ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืฉืš ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื‘:ื’

It is always darkest just before the dawn. This perek represents that. And it has been read as related to the darkest points in Jewish history:

ืชืดืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืจืดื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžืจืŸ ื•ื—ื›ืดื ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžื•.

ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–,ื

ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืชื ื‘ื ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.

ืจืฉื‘ืดื, ืฉื

ื”ื ืืžืจื•: ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืกืชืจ ื ืืžืจ ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸโ€ฆื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ื

David says ืœึธืžึธึฃื” ืขึฒื–ึทื‘ึฐืชึธึผึ‘ื ึดื™, with the stress on the ืž in ืœึธืžึธึฃื”.Hirsch (on Psalm 10 and Exodus 32) makes a distinction between ืœึธึฝืžึธึผื”, with a dagesh in the ืž and the stress on the first syllable (ืžืœืขื™ืœ), and ืœึธืžึธึฝื”, with no dagesh and the stress on the second syllable (ืžืœืจืข). In what Hirsch himself calls a hypothesis, ืœึธืžึธึฝื” emphasizes the immediate purpose of the subject: โ€œI think I understand your goal, but how does this help achieve it?โ€ while ืœึธึฝืžึธึผื” is a broader question about the ultimate end: โ€œWhat is your goal in doing this?โ€. Here, David is not questioning that the punishment is deserved, but why the total destruction (of Davidโ€™s family or of all ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ)?

ื’ ืืœืงื™ ืืงืจื ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื ืชืขื ื”; ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ื” ืœื™ืƒ
ื“ ื•ืืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืชื”ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ
ื” ื‘ืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืื‘ืชื™ื ื•; ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื•ืชืคืœื˜ืžื•ืƒ
ื• ืืœื™ืš ื–ืขืงื• ื•ื ืžืœื˜ื•; ื‘ืš ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

David prayer is less about his suffering than about the fact that he is not answered. He is the (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื’:ื)โ€Ž ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ; we discussed in the last shiur (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืž:ื™ื)โ€Ž ืฆื“ืงืชืš ืœื ื›ืกื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ ืืžื•ื ืชืš ื•ืชืฉื•ืขืชืš ืืžืจืชื™; ืœื ื›ื—ื“ืชื™ ื—ืกื“ืš ื•ืืžืชืš ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื‘. I exist to sing ืฉื™ืจื”. That is what You always wanted: You are the ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืชื”ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. If I canโ€™t do that, then I am not human:

ื– ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื•ืœื ืื™ืฉ; ื—ืจืคืช ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื™ ืขืืƒ
ื— ื›ืœ ืจืื™ ื™ืœืขื’ื• ืœื™; ื™ืคื˜ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ื™ื ื™ืขื• ืจืืฉืƒ
ื˜ ื’ืœ ืืœ ื”ืณ ื™ืคืœื˜ื”ื•; ื™ืฆื™ืœื”ื• ื›ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

All the ืžืคืจืฉื™ื read ื’ืœ ืืœ ื”ืณ, โ€rely on G-dโ€œ as Davidโ€™s words of consolation, but in the context of these psukim, I would read them as sarcastic. His enemies are mocking him as he prays to an uncaring G-d, like Eliyahu on Har HaCarmel:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื”ืชืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืงืจืื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื— ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื’ ืœื• ื•ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื•; ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ืงืฅืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื™ื—:ื›ื–

His response is ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื’ื—ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ, which I would translate as โ€œBut you thrust me from the wombโ€:

ื™ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื’ื—ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ; ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื“ื™ ืืžื™ืƒ
ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื™ ืžืจื—ื; ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื™ ืืœื™ ืืชื”ืƒ
ื™ื‘ ืืœ ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื™ ื›ื™ ืฆืจื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื”; ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

David sees himself as โ€œchosenโ€ from birth for his role in Jewish history, which is what we alluded to in the last shiur:

ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• [ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ] ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช; ื”ืจืื”ื• ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืงื•ืงื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ืณ ืฉืขื•ืชโ€ฆืืดืœ: ืขืณ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืชื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืžื–ืœ ื–ื”โ€ฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืœื• ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืขืณ ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ื™ื”ื ืžื–ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš.

ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื

And parallel to Jeremiah:

ื“ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืืœื™ ืœืืžืจืƒ ื” ื‘ื˜ืจื ืืฆื•ืจืš (ืืฆืจืš) ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ืš ื•ื‘ื˜ืจื ืชืฆื ืžืจื—ื ื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ืš; ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื•ื™ื ื ืชืชื™ืšืƒ

ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ื

ื™ื’ ืกื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื; ืื‘ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืŸ ื›ืชืจื•ื ื™ืƒ
ื™ื“ ืคืฆื• ืขืœื™ ืคื™ื”ื; ืืจื™ื” ื˜ืจืฃ ื•ืฉืื’ืƒ
ื˜ื• ื›ืžื™ื ื ืฉืคื›ืชื™ ื•ื”ืชืคืจื“ื• ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™;
ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ื ื’; ื ืžืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขื™ืƒ
ื˜ื– ื™ื‘ืฉ ื›ื—ืจืฉ ื›ื—ื™ ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืง ืžืœืงื•ื—ื™; ื•ืœืขืคืจ ืžื•ืช ืชืฉืคืชื ื™ืƒ
ื™ื– ื›ื™ ืกื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื; ืขื“ืช ืžืจืขื™ื ื”ืงื™ืคื•ื ื™; ื›ืืจื™ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืจื’ืœื™ืƒ
ื™ื— ืืกืคืจ ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™; ื”ืžื” ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื™ืจืื• ื‘ื™ืƒ
ื™ื˜ ื™ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืœื”ื; ื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื™ืคื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืœืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

Whatโ€™s striking about this part of the perek is the mixed metaphors. David isnโ€™t a poetaster, so I assume it reflects a sense of desperation. He is trying everything, every poetic trick he can, to create his ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื. Thereโ€™s a sense of desperation about this. But itโ€™s not working.

ื› ื•ืืชื” ื”ืณ ืืœ ืชืจื—ืง; ืื™ืœื•ืชื™ ืœืขื–ืจืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื”ืƒ
ื›ื ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืžื—ืจื‘ ื ืคืฉื™; ืžื™ื“ ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ืƒ
ื›ื‘ ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ ืžืคื™ ืืจื™ื”; ื•ืžืงืจื ื™ ืจืžื™ื ืขื ื™ืชื ื™ืƒ
ื›ื’ ืืกืคืจื” ืฉืžืš ืœืื—ื™; ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื”ืœ ืื”ืœืœืšืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” is an unsual word for โ€œsoulโ€. The Midrash explains:

ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืฉืึตืžื•ึนืช ื ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ: ื ึถืคึถืฉื, ืจื•ึผื—ึท, ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื”, ื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึธื”, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื”.

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื“:ื˜

The Midrash says that these are all synonyms for โ€œsoulโ€ but the kabbalistic approach defines a heirarchy of what I would call epiphenomena of increasing abstraction. The usual model has ื ึถืคึถืฉื,โ€Ž ืจื•ึผื—ึท and ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื”, basically โ€œlifeโ€, โ€œmovementโ€ (what makes animals different from plants) and โ€œintelligenceโ€. The five-fold model divides ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื” into ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื”โ€Ž , ื—ึทื™ึผึธื” and ื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึธื”, the latter representing (in my limited understanding) โ€œsentienceโ€ and โ€œspiritualityโ€ respectively. The ื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึธื” is the highest aspect of the soul, the connection to ื”ืงื‘ืดื”. It is the origin of ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.

Yechida corresponds to the level of soul called Adam Kadmon. Just as the sublime, pure and transcendent world of Adam Kadmon, cleaves to and reflects the original Infinite Light (Ohr Ein Sof), so too does the level of yechida. This is the essence of the soul which is naturally and immutable bound to the Holy One. Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai declared, โ€œThroughout the days of my connection to this world, I was bound to the Holy One Blessed Be He with a single knotโ€ฆat one with Himโ€; this is the level of soul revealed at the moment of self-sacrifice or martyrdom for the sake of Gโ€‘d, His Torah, or His people.

Moshe Miller, Kabbalah Online: Neshamah: Levels of Soul Consciousness

I wonโ€™t pretend to understand this, and I donโ€™t think David would have used any of this vocabulary. Rather, I think the Kabbalists took their vocabulary from ืชื ืดืš, and when David asks ื”ืณ to save โ€ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื™โ€œ, it reflects this idea. David is asking ื”ืณ to save that aspect of himself that is the source of ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื”ืœ ืื”ืœืœืš.

David ends this section with an expression of hope, the certainty that ืืกืคืจื” ืฉืžืš ืœืื—ื™; ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื”ืœ ืื”ืœืœืš. He then turns from ื”ืณ to the โ€œaudienceโ€ (ื”ืณ is now addressed in third person):

ื›ื“ ื™ืจืื™ ื”ืณ ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ื•ื”ื•;
ื•ื’ื•ืจื• ืžืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ
ื›ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืฉืงืฅ ืขื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•;
ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืขื• ืืœื™ื• ืฉืžืขืƒ
ื›ื• ืžืืชืš ืชื”ืœืชื™; ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืจื‘ ื ื“ืจื™ ืืฉืœื ื ื’ื“ ื™ืจืื™ื•ืƒ
ื›ื– ื™ืื›ืœื• ืขื ื•ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืขื• ื™ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืณ ื“ืจืฉื™ื•;
ื™ื—ื™ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ืœืขื“ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

ื™ืจืื™ ื”ืณ is an apostrophe; he is addressing the ื™ืจืื™ ื”ืณ and ื›ืœ ื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ to ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื•, have faith that ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•, even though he started with ืืœืงื™ ืืงืจื ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื ืชืขื ื”.

โ€ืžืืชืš ืชื”ืœืชื™โ€œ ื™ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืื—ื“.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ื›ื•

He tells his audience (the ืขื ื•ื™ื) that they will survive, ื™ื—ื™ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื:

ื™ื—ื™: ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื ืœืขื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ืฆืจ ื›ืืœื• ืœื‘ื• ืžืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘โ€Ž (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืœื’) ื•ึทื™ึผึธืžึธืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ื›ื–

ื•ื˜ืขื โ€ื™ื—ื™ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ืโ€œ: ื–ื” ื™ืืžืจ ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื›ื“ืจืš (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื”:ื›ื–) ื•ึทืชึฐึผื—ึดื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ึถื, ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืช.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืฉื

ื•ืชื—ื™ ืจื•ื— ื™ืขืงื‘: ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื” ืžืžื ื•.

ืจืฉืดื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื”:ื›ื–

And once the faithful declare ื”ืณ's praises, the rest of the world will follow.

ื›ื— ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืืœ ื”ืณ ื›ืœ ืืคืกื™ ืืจืฅ;
ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœืคื ื™ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ื™ืืƒ
ื›ื˜ ื›ื™ ืœื”ืณ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”; ื•ืžืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

And this service to ื”ืณ will allow them to over come even death. Not literally, but they will live on through their children.

ืœ ืื›ืœื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ื›ืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ ืืจืฅ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ื›ืจืขื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ืขืคืจ;
ื•ื ืคืฉื• ืœื ื—ื™ื”ืƒ
ืœื ื–ืจืข ื™ืขื‘ื“ื ื•; ื™ืกืคืจ ืœืื“ื ึพื™ ืœื“ื•ืจืƒ
ืœื‘ ื™ื‘ืื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฆื“ืงืชื•; ืœืขื ื ื•ืœื“ ื›ื™ ืขืฉื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

ื›ืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ ืืจืฅ: ื›ืœ ืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืื›ืœื• ืžื”; ืจืดืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœื”ืณโ€Ž ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืžื™ื“ื•.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ืœ

They are ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ืขืคืจ, and even through ื ืคืฉื• ืœื ื—ื™ื”, the outcome will be ื–ืจืข ื™ืขื‘ื“ื ื•. And their children will tell it to their children:

ืœืขื ื ื•ืœื“: ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ืœื‘

And that is the bottom line of this perek. Even when ื”ืณ seems not to be listening, He is there.

And interesting side note:

ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืคืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืจืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืฆื•ืขืง ื”ื‘ืŸ ืœืื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืึพืœื™ ืึพืœื™ ืœืžื” ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื™ (Matthew 27:46), ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจโ€ฆ [ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืžืจ] ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื‘ึธื–ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึดืงึผึทืฅ ืขึฑื ื•ึผืช ืขึธื ึดื™: ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื•, ื•ืขื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื‘ ื•ืฉืงืฅ, ื•ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืขื• ืืœื™ื• ืœื ืฉืžืข. ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืงืจ. ื•ืืžืจ: ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึธึผืœ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึฐึผื—ื•ึนืช ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื; ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื•.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘:ืœื‘