When David is presented with the choice of punishments, התבוא לך שבע שנים רעב בארצך אם שלשה חדשים נסך לפני צריך והוא רדפך ואם היות שלשת ימים דבר בארצך, he responds צר לי מאד; נפלה נא ביד ה׳ כי רבים רחמו וביד אדם אל אפלה. We interpreted that as David basically refusing to choose. ה׳'s response is to start an epidemic:
The question is what is ועד עת מועד? It doesn’t say שלשת ימים which was the choice presented to David.
חז״ל understand this as a very short plague that had the potential to wipe out the entire nation:
But ה׳ had pity on the people and stopped the plague early, and gave David a chance to reconsider his response and his responsibility:
The image is even more dramatic in the version in דברי הימים:
ה׳‘s response is not to punish David and his family, but to tell David what to do. We understood ה׳’s anger as כל אותן אלפים שנפלו בימי דוד לא נפלו אלא שלא תבעו בנין בית המקדש, with the implication that they need to form a society of משפט וצדקה in order for the בית המקדש to have any meaning. But ה׳ here will allow David to start on the physical symbol first:
The negotiation here is very similar to one we’ve seen before:
And the implication is the same: David wants to assure that this purchase is legal and binding for eternity. ארונה could claim that a gift was given in error, but a sale is a legal transfer.
There’s a subtle point that is snuck in here: ארונהis called ארונה המלך. This was not a transfer of land between individuals, but between heads of state. The site of the מזבח belongs to the government of Israel, the entire country. And the fact that ארונה is a king means that even after David conquered Jerusalem, the original king still lived there and owned land.
העורים והפסחים, in the simplest understanding, is the נביא's term for the Jebusite idols:
And after Yoav takes out those idols, there is no battle of Jerusalem. The מדרש תהלים midrashicallly describes this as David simply walking over the walls of Jerusalem:
In other words, the Jebusites continued to live in Jerusalem, with the condition of עור ופסח לא יבוא אל הבית—they could not serve עבודה זרה. And they lived in peace with the Jews, to the extent that ארונה says ה׳ אלקיך ירצך; he blesses David with continued success.
The version in דברי הימים is similar:
But there is one difference: the price paid in שמואל is כסף שקלים חמשים, while the price paid in דברי הימים is שקלי זהב משקל שש מאות. The difference is that שמואל describes what is bought as הגרן והבקר. In דברי הימים it is המקום, referring to the entire הר הבית.
I don’t think those two opinions are different. David, in the immediate aftermath of the plague, buys the location of the מזבח for 50 shekels, then collects 600 shekels from all of Israel to purchase the entire location. The בית המקדש has to belong to all of בני ישראל; it can’t be the property of David’s tribe alone.
There is a very strange series of aggadot about this purchase:
When David bought the threshing-floor, he found the skull of the previous owner under the location of the מזבח. What does that mean? And that skull keeps popping up:
When David buys the threshing floor of Arnon and starts to build the בית המקדש, he is doing it wrong. He had declared that עבודה זרה would never rear its ugly head in the בית המקדש:
But he didn’t really eliminate the עבודה זרה, because עבודה זרה is fundamentally connected to a lack of sensitivity to מצוות בין אדם לחבירו.
A society whose religion treats its god as an instrument to be used will end up treating each other as instruments to be used. And a society that treats other human beings as instruments to be used will end up treating G-d as an instrument to be used. And that, no matter how many or few gods one has, is the definition of paganism. (Which is why Hillel can say (שבת לא,א) דַּעֲלָךְ סְנֵי לְחַבְרָךְ לָא תַּעֲבֵיד—זוֹ הִיא כׇּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ. ואכמ״ל.)
And so this מזבח will be built with the גלגלתו של ארונה under it, and it will be vulnerable to destruction.
But that story lies in the sequel, in ספר מלכים. For now, David has achieved his one goal in life, and ספר שמואל ends on a happy note.