ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Business Advice

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

The next perek has a very different message. It is not so much about ethics as about Torah and our connection to ื”ืงื‘ืดื”.

ื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืื‘; ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ืƒ
ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื; ืชื•ืจืชื™ ืืœ ืชืขื–ื‘ื•ืƒ
ื’ ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืื‘ื™; ืจืš ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืืžื™ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื“

This is now biographical: ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืื‘ื™; ืจืš ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“. David described the 12-year-old Shlomo in those terms:

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื• ืืœืงื™ื ื ืขืจ ื•ืจืš; ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืœืื“ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื˜:ื

And so now, ืžื•ืกืจ ืื‘ refers to the Mussar that Shlomoโ€™s father gave him, and he wants his audience to know it. What message was that? We have two records of Davidโ€™s words to Shlomo.

ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื ืขืจ ื•ืจืš ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืณ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืœืชืคืืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื›ื™ื ื” ื ื ืœื•; ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืœืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชื•ืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืงืจื ืœืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื•; ื•ื™ืฆื•ื”ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืœืฉืœืžื”; ื‘ื ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืƒ ื— ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ื“ื ืœืจื‘ ืฉืคื›ืช ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืช; ืœื ืชื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ ื›ื™ ื“ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื›ืช ืืจืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ืƒ ื˜ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ ืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘; ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืฉืงื˜ ืืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื•ืƒ ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ื›ืกื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘

ื ื•ื™ืงืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืช; ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื• ืœืืžืจืƒ ื‘ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœืื™ืฉืƒ ื’ ื•ืฉืžืจืช ืืช ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ื—ืงืชื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืฉื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืคื ื” ืฉืืƒโ€ฆื” ื•ื’ื ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืจื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื•ืœืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื•ื™ื”ืจื’ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื—ื’ืจืชื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืชื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ืขืœื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื•ืƒ ื• ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื—ื›ืžืชืš; ื•ืœื ืชื•ืจื“ ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื ืฉืืœืƒ ื– ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ืชืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื ืš; ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื• ืืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื—ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืื—ื™ืšืƒ ื— ื•ื”ื ื” ืขืžืš ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืœืœื ื™ ืงืœืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืชื™ ืžื—ื ื™ื; ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืœืงืจืืชื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืืฉื‘ืข ืœื• ื‘ื”ืณ ืœืืžืจ ืื ืืžื™ืชืš ื‘ื—ืจื‘ืƒ ื˜ ื•ืขืชื” ืืœ ืชื ืงื”ื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื ืืชื”; ื•ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœื• ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื“ื ืฉืื•ืœืƒ

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื‘

What kind of ethical message does Shlomo want to pass on to us, here in ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™? You could argue that he does mention obeying ื”ืณ in ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื and Tit for Tat (be gracious with others by default, but respond to evil-doers in kind) in ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื, but truth is that Shlomo has a different โ€œืื‘โ€ in mind.

ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืœื• ืœืื‘; ื•ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ ื›ืกื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื‘:ื™

Shlomo wasnโ€™t Davidโ€™s son. He was G-dโ€™s. That was his role as ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ. And his point here is that he is telling his audience that they are all children of G-d. The previous expressions of ืฉืžืข ื‘ื ื™ were in the singular, metaphors for a parent lecturing a child. This is different : ื‘ื ื™ื is plural. Not metaphoric. He is talking to ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ directly.

ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื: ืืชื ื‘ื ื™ ืึพืœ ื—ื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื‘ ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื”.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืžืฉืœื™ ื“:ื

ื‘ื ื™ื ืืชื ืœื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื; ืœื ืชืชื’ื“ื“ื• ื•ืœื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืงืจื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืœืžืชืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“:ื

And so we have to look at the allusion to ื‘ื ื™ื ืืชื ืœื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื›ื, which is connected to ืœื ืชืชื’ื“ื“ื•.

ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืื™ืงืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึฐื’ึผื•ึนื“ึฐื“ื•ึผ, ืœื ืชืขืฉื• ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืื™ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึฐื’ึผื•ึนื“ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื”, ื“ืืžืจ ืจื—ืžื ื: ืœื ืชืขืฉื• ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืช! ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื™ืžื ืงืจื ืœึนื ืชึฐื’ื•ึนื“ึฐื“ื•ึผ. ืžืื™ ืชึดืชึฐื’ึผื•ึนื“ึฐื“ื•ึผ? ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืืชื.

ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื™ื’,ื‘

Metaphorically, it means donโ€™t separate into factions. You need to work together. Rabbi Bashevkin cites the old joke:

A Jewish man has been stranded on a island alone for 20 years. Finally, he is rescued.

The Jewish man insists on showing his rescuers the life that he has built for himself on the island.

They come across a small clearing with a bunch of makeshift buildings.

He points to the closest one, โ€œThatโ€™s my home.โ€ He continues to point to the other buildings as they walk by.

โ€œThereโ€™s the supermarket. And the bank. And the saloon. Over there is my synagogue, where I went to pray that someone would come rescue me.โ€

A rescuer pointed to a lone building away from the rest. โ€œAnd whatโ€™s that?โ€ The Jewish man disdainfully says โ€œOh, that. Thatโ€™s the other shul. We donโ€™t go there.โ€

Old Jewish joke, quoted by David Bashevkin, When Orthodoxy Was Born

The prohibition of separating from the community is couched within a verse whose plain meaning is discussing cutting oneself in mourning.

What do these prohibitions have to do with one another?

The answer lies at the beginning of the verse: You are all children of God.

How does this reason explain either prohibitionโ€”cutting during mourning or creating a separatist community?

At the heart of this statementโ€”that the Jewish People are described as the children of Godโ€”is our distinct embodiment of transcendence and eternity. ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืฉืงืจโ€”the eternity of the Jewish People is undeniable.

It is for this reason that we are cautioned against excessive mourning. Of course, it is ok to be sad, but excessive mourning evinces a detachment from the reality of the eternity of the Jewish soul and the Jewish People. A reminder that we are the children of Hashem is the very reason why our mourning should never become self-harm since a part of each of us continues within the eternal family that is the Jewish People.

And this is the very reason why we are cautioned from separating from the community. A family sticks together. Our differencesโ€”as long as they do not threaten the very essence of Jewish lifeโ€”can be bridged. To remain part of Knesseth Yisroelโ€”the collective soul of our peopleโ€”is not merely a choice but a calling, reminding us that unity can prevail over division and that the ties that bind us are stronger than the disagreements that divide us.

David Bashevkin, When Orthodoxy Was Born

ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื is reminding the Jewish people that they are One, and that oneness comes through their relationship with ื”ืงื‘ืดื” and the Torah. ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื is a reference to the giving of the Torah:

ื ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืื“ื‘ืจื”; ื•ืชืฉืžืข ื”ืืจืฅ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ืƒ ื‘ ื™ืขืจืฃ ื›ืžื˜ืจ ืœืงื—ื™ ืชื–ืœ ื›ื˜ืœ ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืฉืขื™ืจื ืขืœื™ ื“ืฉื ื•ื›ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืขืฉื‘ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ืœื‘

ื•โ€ืœืงื—ื™โ€œ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืขืžืœ, ื•ืžืฉืดื” ื ืงืจื ืžืงื—โ€ฆืคื™ืณ ืžืงื— ื ืขืฉื” ืื• ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืขื”. ื•ืขืดื– ืคื™ืณ ื“ืœื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืœื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืžืฉืดื” ื ืงืจืืช ืœืงื—ื™.

ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘:ื‘

Shlomo doesnโ€™t explicitly say it, but he alludes to the fact that the ethical lessons of ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ cannot be for an individual; ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ is how society works. ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ is in this together. And that takes work.

The mishna emphasizes that we know that ื”ืณ loves us.

โ€ฆื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ืœึทื”ืณ ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ื›ึถื. ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื“ื”. ื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืžื“ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึถืงึทื— ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื, ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืขึฒื–ึนื‘ื•ึผ.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื’:ื™ื“

ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื ืืฆืœ โ€ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ืโ€œ, ื›ื™ ืžื” ื‘ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ โ€ื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืโ€œ, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืื• โ€ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืโ€œ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื•.

โ€ฆื™ืฉ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื•. ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ื”ื—ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืื”ื‘ืชื•โ€ฆืฉืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืงืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื™ื• ื•ื™ืื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ โ€ื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื•โ€œ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืืœ ื”ื ืื”ื‘, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืžื•ืกืชืจืช. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื”ื—ื‘ื”.

ืžื”ืจืดืœ, ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื’:ื™ื“

This pasuk creates an obligation. The facts are that we are ื‘ื ื™ื and that we are aware of that status. That means we have to accept the ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘.

That is what Shlomo learned from ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, and that is what he is telling us here.


Now Shlomo talks about the mussar that his ืื‘ gave him.

ื“ ื•ื™ืจื ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื™ืชืžืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื‘ืš; ืฉืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ื™ื”ืƒ
ื” ืงื ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืงื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”; ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ื•ืืœ ืชื˜ ืžืืžืจื™ ืคื™ืƒ
ื• ืืœ ืชืขื–ื‘ื” ื•ืชืฉืžืจืš; ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืชืฆืจืšืƒ
ื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืงื ื” ื—ื›ืžื”; ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื ืš ืงื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืƒ
ื— ืกืœืกืœื” ื•ืชืจื•ืžืžืš; ืชื›ื‘ื“ืš ื›ื™ ืชื—ื‘ืงื ื”ืƒ
ื˜ ืชืชืŸ ืœืจืืฉืš ืœื•ื™ืช ื—ืŸ; ืขื˜ืจืช ืชืคืืจืช ืชืžื’ื ืšืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื“

ื”ืณ is giving him career advice. Itโ€™s like the scene from The Graduate:

Mr. McGuire: I want to say one word to you. Just one word.

Benjamin: Yes, sir.

Mr. McGuire: Are you listening?

Benjamin: Yes, I am.

Mr. McGuire: Plastics.

Benjamin: Exactly how do you mean?

Mr. McGuire: Thereโ€™s a great future in plastics. Think about it. Will you think about it?

The Graduate

Except here the one word is ื—ื›ืžื”, in the sense of the ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘, the good investment, mentioned above.

Thus Shlomo tells us ืงื ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ืงื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”โ€ฆืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืงื ื” ื—ื›ืžื”. Acquiring the wisdom of Torah takes work. But itโ€™s the only worthwhile thing to work on.

ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ืชื•ืจืชื™ ืืœ ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ื•. ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘; ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืžื˜ื›ืกื [raw silk] ื•ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืื™ืœื•ืกื™ืจืงื [silk garments]. ืขืžื“ื• ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืชื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื”ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื˜ื›ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงื— ืื™ืœื•ืกื™ืจืงื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืกื“ืจ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืกื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื™ ืกื“ืจ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืฉื ื” ืœืš ืกื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื•ืณ.

ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืžื” ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฆื ืขืช ื”ื™ื. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืœืžื” ืœื ืชืจืื” ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืฉืื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืจืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ื•ืณ ืขืžื“ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ. ืื•ืชื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืคืจื ืก ืื•ืชื•, ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืžื• ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืžืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื“ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืžื™ ื’ืจื ืœื• ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ื•ื‘.

ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืกืดื’

That is because, if the Torah is the blueprint of the worldโ€”ืืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžืโ€”then keeping the Torah keeps the world running.

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืโ€ฆืจืง ื›ื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื ื’ืœื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”โ€ฆื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•โ€ฆืื‘ืœ ืกื“ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ืกื“ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื,ื) ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื•. ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื›ืœโ€ฆ

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื™ื—ื“, ืื ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื›ืœโ€ฆ

ื•ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืจึตื ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึดื™ ื™ึดืชึฐืžื‡ืšึฐ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืœึดื‘ึผึถืšึธ ืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึบืชึทื™ ื•ึถื—ึฐื™ึตื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืชื”, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึบืชึทื™ ื•ึถื—ึฐื™ึตื” ื ื’ื“ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ืืžืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืจึตื ึดื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืฉื โ€ื—ื›ืžื”โ€œโ€ฆื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืขื•, ื”ื•ื ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.

ืžื”ืจืดืœ, ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื

There is a well-known aggadah about this; that we are given the Torah in the womb. ื•ื™ืจื ื™ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™โ€ฆืฉืžืจ ืžืฆื•ืชื™, ื•ื—ื™ื”: G-d taught me and told me to keep the mitzvot, and then go and live!

ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• [ื”ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื•] ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืจึตื ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึดื™ ื™ึดืชึฐืžื‡ืšึฐ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืœึดื‘ึผึถืšึธ ืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึบืชึทื™ ื•ึถื—ึฐื™ึตื”โ€ฆื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืœืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ืžืœืืš ื•ืกื˜ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื•ืžืฉื›ื—ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“:ื–) ืœึทืคึผึถืชึทื— ื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืช ืจึนื‘ึตืฅ.

ื ื“ื” ืœ,ื‘

In Living Inspired, Rabbi Tatz explains that all of the Torah learned in the womb is found within a person on subconscious level. Throughout our lives, we work on bringing this knowledge to the fore, to a level of consciousness. This is why, when we hear something beautiful and inspiring, we often feel a sense of familiarity; we are not really learning something new but recognizing something weโ€™ve known. Knowing that all of this knowledge is already within us, and all we have to do is uncover it, Rabbi Tatz explains, serves as an inspiration that we can indeed succeed in our spiritual journeys and questsโ€ฆ

Investing great effort in Torah learning is a reality of This Worldโ€”and a prerequisite to truly attaining it. This helps explain why Yaakov Avinu was constantly kicking in the womb, eager to leave, whenever Rivkah passed a beis medrash. While he was already being taught Torah by a malach, Yaakov Avinu understood that to acquire Torah, one must workโ€”โ€œubโ€™Toraso yehegeh yomam valailah.โ€ Indeed, many great rabbanim have refused to learn Torah from maggidim, instead insisting on conquering their learning through tremendous effort. But while it takes struggle and exertion to master Torah learning, our ability to do so is entirely predicated on the gift of inherent knowledge that we have received before birth.

Rebbetzin Shira Smiles The Angelโ€™s Gift, Family First, Issue 678, January 29, 2020

Rabbi Akiva Tatz (in his Chanukah CD) cites the Maharal (Iโ€™m not sure of the original source) that the โ€œinbornโ€ Torah that is inherent in us is wordless and cannot be expressed in words. Just as the universe โ€œknowsโ€ the Torah, so too do we.

ื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืึพืœ; ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ื“ ื”ืจืงื™ืขืƒโ€ฆ ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื; ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

But as human beings, we have to say things in words, express them explicitly, to understand them. That is what it means to be โ€œstruck on the mouthโ€; it is the gift of speech. The fetus โ€œforgetsโ€ its Torah in the sense that now it has to learn Torah in a completely different way. Rabbi Tatz cites the gemara that, after death, we are called to account for the mitzvot we did, the sins we did, and the Torah we produced. The Vilna Gaon says that when we see the angel asking us about our Torah, we will recognize them. It will be the angel who taught us in the womb, asking whether we have brought that wordless knowledge into fruition.

The pasuk says about the Torah, ืึฑื”ึธื‘ึถื”ึธ, love it.

ืื”ื‘ื”: ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื“:ื•

This is how we love Torah. Real care for Torah is when we struggle to understand it and build upon that understanding. Itโ€™s when weโ€™re not content to simply โ€œprotectโ€ what is written. Rather, itโ€™s when we take the idea to the next step. Then we venture into the unwritten. We create a โ€œnewโ€ idea (chiddush) in Torah.

โ€ฆWe see that true learning must produce original thoughts. This is the relationship that we create with Torah through loveโ€ฆRejuvenation is an essentional nourishment in life and Torah living.

Rabbi Dovid Morris, Mishlei Chapters 1-5: Metaphors for Living. p. 366-367

And we have to โ€œturn it overโ€: ืกึทืœึฐืกึฐืœึถื”ึธ ื•ึผืชึฐืจื•ึนืžึฐืžึถืšึผึธ

ืœื ื”ื•ื• ื™ื“ืขื™ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžืื™ ืกึทืœึฐืกึฐืœึถื”ึธ ื•ึผืชึฐืจื•ึนืžึฐืžึถืšึผึธ. ืฉืžืขื•ื” ืœืืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ื”ื•ื•ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืžื”ืคืš ื‘ืžื–ื™ื™ื”, ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื”: ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืžืกืœืกืœ ื‘ืฉืขืจืš?

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื—,ื

ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื’ ื‘ื’ ืื•ืžืจ: ื”ืคืš ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืš ื‘ื”, ื“ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”.

ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื” ื›ื‘

We need to โ€œturn overโ€ Torah. This means thinking about it in different ways. It means "sifting through it to discover new ideas. Itโ€™s about thoughtful review. And then Ben Bag Bag tells us to do it againโ€ฆWhat weโ€™ve learned before becomes something new when we come back to it.

Rabbi Dovid Morris, Mishlei Chapters 1-5: Metaphors for Living. p. 374-375

And now Shlomo returns to the central metaphor of this book of ืžืฉืœื™: the parent lecturing the child, summarizing the greatest lesson so far: our moral judgment is formed from our observation of others, so donโ€™t hang around with bad influences.

ื™ ืฉืžืข ื‘ื ื™ ื•ืงื— ืืžืจื™; ื•ื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืืƒ
ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื™ืชื™ืš; ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื™ืš ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืƒ
ื™ื‘ ื‘ืœื›ืชืš ืœื ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืขื“ืš; ื•ืื ืชืจื•ืฅ ืœื ืชื›ืฉืœืƒ
ื™ื’ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ ืืœ ืชืจืฃ; ื ืฆืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืšืƒ
ื™ื“ ื‘ืืจื— ืจืฉืขื™ื ืืœ ืชื‘ื; ื•ืืœ ืชืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจืขื™ืืƒ
ื˜ื• ืคืจืขื”ื• ืืœ ืชืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื•; ืฉื˜ื” ืžืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ืจืƒ
ื˜ื– ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื• ืื ืœื ื™ืจืขื•; ื•ื ื’ื–ืœื” ืฉื ืชื ืื ืœื ื™ื›ืฉื•ืœื• (ื™ึทื›ึฐืฉึดืื™ืœื•ึผ)ืƒ
ื™ื– ื›ื™ ืœื—ืžื• ืœื—ื ืจืฉืข; ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืกื™ื ื™ืฉืชื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื“

And Shlomo continues:

ื™ื— ื•ืืจื— ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืื•ืจ ื ื’ื”; ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืื•ืจ ืขื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืืƒ
ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืขื™ื ื›ืืคืœื”; ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ืžื” ื™ื›ืฉืœื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื“

The gemara uses this metaphor of the light of the righteous in the context of this paragraph, and returns to the fetus in the womb, knowing all of Torah:

ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™: ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื•? ืœืคื ืงืก ืฉืžืงื•ืคืœ ื•ืžื•ื ื— ื™ื“ื™ื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฆื“ืขื™ื•, ืฉืชื™ ืืฆื™ืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืฉืชื™ ืขืงื‘ื™ื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขื’ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืจืืฉื• ืžื•ื ื— ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื•โ€ฆื•ื ืจ ื“ืœื•ืง ืœื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื˜:ื‘-ื’) [ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืชึผึฐื ึตื ึดื™ ื›ึฐื™ึทืจึฐื—ึตื™ ืงึถื“ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืึฑืœื•ึนืงึผึท ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจึตื ึดื™;] ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืœึผื•ึน ื ึตืจื•ึน ืขึฒืœึตื™ ืจึนืืฉืึดื™ ืœึฐืื•ึนืจื•ึน ืึตืœึถืšึฐ ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ.

ื ื“ื” ืœ,ื‘

Shlomo will use that metaphor again:

ื ืจ ื”ืณ ื ืฉืžืช ืื“ื; ื—ึนืคึตืฉื‚ ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื›:ื›ื–

As Rabbi Tatz says in the lecture quoted above, this is a spiritual light that illuminates the fetusโ€™s whole world. There are no questions, no uncertain decisions. It is part of the answer to my thesis from Fatherly Advice that our moral judgment is mimetic; it comes from what we observe as โ€œnormalโ€ behavior in others.

Because people are highly attuned to the emergence of group norms, the model proposes that the mere fact that friends, allies, and acquaintances have made a moral judgment exerts a direct influence on others, even if no reasoned persuasion is used.

Jonathan Haidt (2001), The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment, Psychological Review. Vol. 108. No. 4, 814-834

Here Shlomo reassures us that we do have an innate moral sense that comes from ื”ืงื‘ืดื”, and we develop that (or better, re-develop that) when we learn Torah. So there are three things that go into our ethical decisionmaking: our minds, what I call ethics, our hearts, what I call morals, and our conscience, that inner voice of that innate Torah that we were given.

But I would add that ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™ emphasizes that the fetus is enfolded up in itself; the uncertainty starts when it has to interact with other people. As we said above, ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ is how society works. All of us, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, are in this together. And that takes work.