The next perek has a very different message. It is not so much about ethics as about Torah and our connection to ืืงืืดื.
ื ืฉืืขื ืื ืื ืืืกืจ ืื; ืืืงืฉืืื ืืืขืช ืืื ืื
ื ืื ืืงื ืืื ื ืชืชื ืืื; ืชืืจืชื ืื ืชืขืืืื
ื ืื ืื ืืืืชื ืืืื; ืจื ืืืืื ืืคื ื ืืืื
This is now biographical: ืื ืืืืชื ืืืื; ืจื ืืืืื. David described the 12-year-old Shlomo in those terms:
ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืงืื ื ืขืจ ืืจื; ืืืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืณ ืืืงืืื
And so now, ืืืกืจ ืื refers to the Mussar that Shlomoโs father gave him, and he wants his audience to know it. What message was that? We have two records of Davidโs words to Shlomo.
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ื ืขืจ ืืจื ืืืืืช ืืื ืืช ืืืณ ืืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืฉื ืืืชืคืืจืช ืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืืื ื ื ื ืื; ืืืื ืืืื ืืจื ืืคื ื ืืืชืื ื ืืืงืจื ืืฉืืื ืื ื; ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืช ืืืณ ืืืงื ืืฉืจืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื; ืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืช ืืฉื ืืณ ืืืงืื ื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืืจ ืื ืืจื ืฉืคืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืขืฉืืช; ืื ืชืื ื ืืืช ืืฉืื ืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืฉืคืืช ืืจืฆื ืืคื ืื ื ืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉ ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืกืืื; ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืงื ืืชื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืช ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืื; ืืืืื ืืชื ืืกื ืืืืืชื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืขืืืื
ื ืืืงืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืช; ืืืฆื ืืช ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืืจื ื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจืฅ; ืืืืงืช ืืืืืช ืืืืฉื ื ืืฉืืจืช ืืช ืืฉืืจืช ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืฉืืจ ืืงืชืื ืืฆืืชืื ืืืฉืคืืื ืืขืืืชืื ืืืชืื ืืชืืจืช ืืฉื ืืืขื ืชืฉืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื ืืืช ืื ืืฉืจ ืชืคื ื ืฉืืโฆื ืืื ืืชื ืืืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืื ืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืฉื ื ืฉืจื ืฆืืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืืืขืืฉื ืื ืืชืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฉืื; ืืืชื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืชื ืืฉืจ ืืืชื ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืฉืจ ืืจืืืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืืชื; ืืื ืชืืจื ืฉืืืชื ืืฉืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ื ืืจืืื ืืืืขืื ืชืขืฉื ืืกื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ื; ืื ืื ืงืจืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืคื ื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืืื ื ืขืื ืฉืืขื ืื ืืจื ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืงืืื ื ืงืืื ื ืืจืฆืช ืืืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื; ืืืื ืืจื ืืงืจืืชื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืืข ืื ืืืณ ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืชื ืืืจืื ื ืืขืชื ืื ืชื ืงืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืชื; ืืืืขืช ืืช ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื ืื ืืืืจืืช ืืช ืฉืืืชื ืืื ืฉืืืื
What kind of ethical message does Shlomo want to pass on to us, here in ืกืคืจ ืืฉืื? You could argue that he does mention obeying ืืณ in ืืืจื ืืืืื and Tit for Tat (be gracious with others by default, but respond to evil-doers in kind) in ืกืคืจ ืืืืื, but truth is that Shlomo has a different โืืโ in mind.
ืืื ืืื ื ืืืช ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืื; ืืืืื ืืชื ืืกื ืืืืืชื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืขืืืื
Shlomo wasnโt Davidโs son. He was G-dโs. That was his role as ืืื ืืฉืจืื. And his point here is that he is telling his audience that they are all children of G-d. The previous expressions of ืฉืืข ืื ื were in the singular, metaphors for a parent lecturing a child. This is different : ืื ืื is plural. Not metaphoric. He is talking to ืื ื ืืฉืจืื directly.
ืฉืืขื ืื ืื: ืืชื ืื ื ืึพื ืื ืฉืืขื ืืืืกืจ ืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืืืกืจ ืขื ืืืื ื ืืืงืฉืืื ืืืขืช ืืืชื.
ืื ืื ืืชื ืืืณ ืืืงืืื; ืื ืชืชืืืื ืืื ืชืฉืืื ืงืจืื ืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืชื
And so we have to look at the allusion to ืื ืื ืืชื ืืืณ ืืืงืืื, which is connected to ืื ืชืชืืืื.
ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืฉ ืืงืืฉ ืืจืื ืืืื ื: ืืืงืจื ืืื ืึนื ืชึดืชึฐืึผืึนืึฐืืึผ, ืื ืชืขืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืช. ืืื ืึนื ืชึดืชึฐืึผืึนืึฐืืึผ ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืืคืื, ืืืืจ ืจืืื ื: ืื ืชืขืฉื ืืืืจื ืขื ืืช! ืื ืื, ืืืื ืงืจื ืึนื ืชึฐืืึนืึฐืืึผ. ืืื ืชึดืชึฐืึผืึนืึฐืืึผ? ืฉืืข ืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ืืืชื.
Metaphorically, it means donโt separate into factions. You need to work together. Rabbi Bashevkin cites the old joke:
A Jewish man has been stranded on a island alone for 20 years. Finally, he is rescued.
The Jewish man insists on showing his rescuers the life that he has built for himself on the island.
They come across a small clearing with a bunch of makeshift buildings.
He points to the closest one, โThatโs my home.โ He continues to point to the other buildings as they walk by.
โThereโs the supermarket. And the bank. And the saloon. Over there is my synagogue, where I went to pray that someone would come rescue me.โ
A rescuer pointed to a lone building away from the rest. โAnd whatโs that?โ The Jewish man disdainfully says โOh, that. Thatโs the other shul. We donโt go there.โ
The prohibition of separating from the community is couched within a verse whose plain meaning is discussing cutting oneself in mourning.
What do these prohibitions have to do with one another?
The answer lies at the beginning of the verse: You are all children of God.
How does this reason explain either prohibitionโcutting during mourning or creating a separatist community?
At the heart of this statementโthat the Jewish People are described as the children of Godโis our distinct embodiment of transcendence and eternity. ื ืฆื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืฉืงืจโthe eternity of the Jewish People is undeniable.
It is for this reason that we are cautioned against excessive mourning. Of course, it is ok to be sad, but excessive mourning evinces a detachment from the reality of the eternity of the Jewish soul and the Jewish People. A reminder that we are the children of Hashem is the very reason why our mourning should never become self-harm since a part of each of us continues within the eternal family that is the Jewish People.
And this is the very reason why we are cautioned from separating from the community. A family sticks together. Our differencesโas long as they do not threaten the very essence of Jewish lifeโcan be bridged. To remain part of Knesseth Yisroelโthe collective soul of our peopleโis not merely a choice but a calling, reminding us that unity can prevail over division and that the ties that bind us are stronger than the disagreements that divide us.
ืฉืืขื ืื ืื is reminding the Jewish people that they are One, and that oneness comes through their relationship with ืืงืืดื and the Torah. ืืงื ืืื ื ืชืชื ืืื is a reference to the giving of the Torah:
ื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืจื; ืืชืฉืืข ืืืจืฅ ืืืจื ืคืื ื ืืขืจืฃ ืืืืจ ืืงืื ืชืื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืืฉืขืืจื ืขืื ืืฉื ืืืจืืืืื ืขืื ืขืฉืื
ืโืืงืืโ ืืื ืขืืืง ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืชืืจื ืฉืื ืืืืืขื ืืขืื, ืืืฉืดื ื ืงืจื ืืงืโฆืคืืณ ืืงื ื ืขืฉื ืื ืืืกืฃ ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืขื. ืืขืดื ืคืืณ ืืื ืืืกืฃ ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืขื ืืืฉืดื ื ืงืจืืช ืืงืื.
Shlomo doesnโt explicitly say it, but he alludes to the fact that the ethical lessons of ืกืคืจ ืืฉืื cannot be for an individual; ืืจื ืืจืฅ is how society works. ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื is in this together. And that takes work.
The mishna emphasizes that we know that ืืณ loves us.
โฆืืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉื ืงืจืื ืื ืื ืืืงืื. ืืื ืืชืจื ื ืืืขืช ืืื ืฉื ืงืจืื ืื ืื ืืืงืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืึผึธื ึดืื ืึทืชึผึถื ืึทืืณ ืึฑืึนืงึตืืึถื. ืืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉื ืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื. ืืื ืืชืจื ื ืืืขืช ืืื ืฉื ืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื ืืขืืื, ืฉื ืืืจ ืึผึดื ืึถืงึทื ืืึนื ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื ืึธืึถื, ืชึผืึนืจึธืชึดื ืึทื ืชึผึทืขึฒืึนืืึผ.
ืืื ืงืฉืื ืืฆื โืืืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉื ืงืจืื ืื ืืโ, ืื ืื ืื ืืืืกืืฃ ืืื ืฉืืืจ โืืื ืืชืืจื ื ืืืขืช ืืืโ, ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืงืจืื โืื ืื ืืืงืืโ, ืืืจ ืื ื ืืืข ืื.
โฆืืฉ ืืคืจืฉ ืืื ืืื ื ืืืขืช ืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ื ื ืืืขืช ืื. ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืขืช ืืืืืข ืื ืืืื ืืคื ืฉืืืงืฉ ืืืืชืโฆืฉืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืื ืืืชื, ืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืชืงืจื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื. ืืืื ืืืจ โืืื ืืชืืจื ื ืืืขืช ืืโ, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืื ืื, ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืืขืช ืื ืื ืืื, ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืกืชืจืช. ืืคื ื ืฉืืฉื ืืชืืจื ืจืืฆื ืฉืืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืข ืืื ืืืื.
This pasuk creates an obligation. The facts are that we are ืื ืื and that we are aware of that status. That means we have to accept the ืืงื ืืื.
That is what Shlomo learned from ืืงืืดื, and that is what he is telling us here.
Now Shlomo talks about the mussar that his ืื gave him.
ื ืืืจื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืชืื ืืืจื ืืื; ืฉืืจ ืืฆืืชื ืืืืื
ื ืงื ื ืืืื ืงื ื ืืื ื; ืื ืชืฉืื ืืื ืชื ืืืืจื ืคืื
ื ืื ืชืขืืื ืืชืฉืืจื; ืืืื ืืชืฆืจืื
ื ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืงื ื ืืืื; ืืืื ืงื ืื ื ืงื ื ืืื ืื
ื ืกืืกืื ืืชืจืืืื; ืชืืืื ืื ืชืืืงื ืื
ื ืชืชื ืืจืืฉื ืืืืช ืื; ืขืืจืช ืชืคืืจืช ืชืืื ืื
ืืณ is giving him career advice. Itโs like the scene from The Graduate:
Mr. McGuire: I want to say one word to you. Just one word.
Benjamin: Yes, sir.
Mr. McGuire: Are you listening?
Benjamin: Yes, I am.
Mr. McGuire: Plastics.
Benjamin: Exactly how do you mean?
Mr. McGuire: Thereโs a great future in plastics. Think about it. Will you think about it?
Except here the one word is ืืืื, in the sense of the ืืงื ืืื, the good investment, mentioned above.
Thus Shlomo tells us ืงื ื ืืืื ืงื ื ืืื ืโฆืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืงื ื ืืืื. Acquiring the wisdom of Torah takes work. But itโs the only worthwhile thing to work on.
ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืชืื ืื ืืงื ืืื ื ืชืชื ืืื ืชืืจืชื ืื ืชืขืืืื. ืืงื ืืื; ืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืฉื ื ืคืจืืืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืื ื ืื ืืืงื ืืืืกื [raw silk] ืืื ืืืงื ืืืืืกืืจืงื [silk garments]. ืขืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจื ืืืงืฉ ืืชื ืืืืืืฃ, ืืืจ ืืื ืื, ืืืืืคื ืื ืขื ืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืืกืื ืืืงื ืืืืืกืืจืงื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื. ืืื ืชืืจื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืกืืจ ืืจืขืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืกืืจ ื ืืืงืื ืขืืื ืฉื ืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืืฉื ื ืื ืกืืจ ืืจืขืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ื ืื ืกืืจ ื ืืืงืื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืื ืฉื ืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืื ืืฉ ืืงื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืื ืืืืณ.
ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืกืคืื ื ืฉืืื ืื ืคืจืืืืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืจื ืื ืื ืคืจืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืฆื ืขืช ืืื. ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืจืื ืื ื ืืืชื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืฉืืื ืก ืืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืกืคืื ื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืชืืืื ืฉืืืงืื ืขืืื ืืืืณ ืขืืื ืืืืืกืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืฉ. ืืืชื ืืืจ ื ืื ืก ืืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืืชืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืจืฉ ืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืคืจื ืก ืืืชื, ืืืชื ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืกืคืื ื ืืชืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืงืฉืื ืืื ื, ืืืจื ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืชื ืืืืจ ืืืชื ื ืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืช, ืื ืืจื ืื ืืื ืฆื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืื ืืงื ืืื.
That is because, if the Torah is the blueprint of the worldโืืกืชืื ืืืืจืืืชื ืืืจื ืขืืืโthen keeping the Torah keeps the world running.
ืืืื ืฉืืชืืจื ืืื ืกืืจ ืืืื, ืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืกืืจ ืฉื ืืขืืืโฆืจืง ืื ืกืืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืคืืจืฉ ืืชืืจืโฆืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืช ืืกืืจ ืืจืืื ืืโฆืืื ืกืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืชืืจื, ืฉืืื ืืชืืจื ืจืง ืกืืจ ืืฆืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืจืฉ (ืืจืืฉืืช ืจืื ื,ื) ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืืช ืขืืืื. ืจืืฆื ืืืืจ ืฉืืชืืจื ืืขืฆืื ืืื ืกืืจ ืืืโฆ
ืืืืฉืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืฉืจ ืืืกืืืจ ืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืื ืืกืืจ, ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืจ ืืืืโฆ
ืืืื ืืืจ ืึทืึผึนืจึตื ึดื ืึทืึผึนืืึถืจ ืึดื ืึดืชึฐืืืึฐ ืึผึฐืึธืจึทื ืึดืึผึถืึธ ืฉืึฐืึนืจ ืึดืฆึฐืึบืชึทื ืึถืึฐืึตื, ืื ืืชืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืฉื ืืชืืจื, ืชืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืข ืืืื ืืืชื, ืฉืืชืืจื ืืงืืืืช ืืื. ืืืืจ ืฉืึฐืึนืจ ืึดืฆึฐืึบืชึทื ืึถืึฐืึตื ื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืืฆืืช, ืืฉืืฉืืืจ ืืืชื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืืื. ืืืืจ ืึทืึผึนืจึตื ึดื, ืฉืืื ืืฉืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืืชืืจื ืืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืงืจืืช ืืฉื โืืืืโโฆืื ืืชืืจื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืช ืืืจื, ืืฉืจ ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืข ืื ืชืืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืืืขื, ืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืื.
There is a well-known aggadah about this; that we are given the Torah in the womb. ืืืจื ื ืืืืืจ ืืโฆืฉืืจ ืืฆืืชื, ืืืื: G-d taught me and told me to keep the mitzvot, and then go and live!
ืืืืืืื ืืืชื [ืืืื ืืืขื ืืื] ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืึทืึผึนืจึตื ึดื ืึทืึผึนืืึถืจ ืึดื ืึดืชึฐืืืึฐ ืึผึฐืึธืจึทื ืึดืึผึถืึธ ืฉืึฐืึนืจ ืึดืฆึฐืึบืชึทื ืึถืึฐืึตืโฆืืืืื ืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืขืืื ืื ืืืื ืืกืืจื ืขื ืคืื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืจืืฉืืช ื:ื) ืึทืคึผึถืชึทื ืึทืึผึธืืช ืจึนืึตืฅ.
In Living Inspired, Rabbi Tatz explains that all of the Torah learned in the womb is found within a person on subconscious level. Throughout our lives, we work on bringing this knowledge to the fore, to a level of consciousness. This is why, when we hear something beautiful and inspiring, we often feel a sense of familiarity; we are not really learning something new but recognizing something weโve known. Knowing that all of this knowledge is already within us, and all we have to do is uncover it, Rabbi Tatz explains, serves as an inspiration that we can indeed succeed in our spiritual journeys and questsโฆ
Investing great effort in Torah learning is a reality of This Worldโand a prerequisite to truly attaining it. This helps explain why Yaakov Avinu was constantly kicking in the womb, eager to leave, whenever Rivkah passed a beis medrash. While he was already being taught Torah by a malach, Yaakov Avinu understood that to acquire Torah, one must workโโubโToraso yehegeh yomam valailah.โ Indeed, many great rabbanim have refused to learn Torah from maggidim, instead insisting on conquering their learning through tremendous effort. But while it takes struggle and exertion to master Torah learning, our ability to do so is entirely predicated on the gift of inherent knowledge that we have received before birth.
Rabbi Akiva Tatz (in his Chanukah CD) cites the Maharal (Iโm not sure of the original source) that the โinbornโ Torah that is inherent in us is wordless and cannot be expressed in words. Just as the universe โknowsโ the Torah, so too do we.
ื ืืฉืืื ืืกืคืจืื ืืืื ืึพื; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืงืืขืโฆ ื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืจืื; ืืื ื ืฉืืข ืงืืืื
But as human beings, we have to say things in words, express them explicitly, to understand them. That is what it means to be โstruck on the mouthโ; it is the gift of speech. The fetus โforgetsโ its Torah in the sense that now it has to learn Torah in a completely different way. Rabbi Tatz cites the gemara that, after death, we are called to account for the mitzvot we did, the sins we did, and the Torah we produced. The Vilna Gaon says that when we see the angel asking us about our Torah, we will recognize them. It will be the angel who taught us in the womb, asking whether we have brought that wordless knowledge into fruition.
The pasuk says about the Torah, ืึฑืึธืึถืึธ, love it.
ืืืื: ืืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืืืกืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืชืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืื ื.
This is how we love Torah. Real care for Torah is when we struggle to understand it and build upon that understanding. Itโs when weโre not content to simply โprotectโ what is written. Rather, itโs when we take the idea to the next step. Then we venture into the unwritten. We create a โnewโ idea (chiddush) in Torah.
โฆWe see that true learning must produce original thoughts. This is the relationship that we create with Torah through loveโฆRejuvenation is an essentional nourishment in life and Torah living.
And we have to โturn it overโ: ืกึทืึฐืกึฐืึถืึธ ืึผืชึฐืจืึนืึฐืึถืึผึธ
ืื ืืื ืืืขื ืจืื ื ืืื ืกึทืึฐืกึฐืึถืึธ ืึผืชึฐืจืึนืึฐืึถืึผึธ. ืฉืืขืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืจืื ืืืืืช ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืคื ืืืืืื, ืืืจื ืืื: ืขื ืืชื ืืชื ืืกืืกื ืืฉืขืจื?
ืื ืื ืื ืืืืจ: ืืคื ืื ืืืคื ืื, ืืืืื ืื.
We need to โturn overโ Torah. This means thinking about it in different ways. It means "sifting through it to discover new ideas. Itโs about thoughtful review. And then Ben Bag Bag tells us to do it againโฆWhat weโve learned before becomes something new when we come back to it.
And now Shlomo returns to the central metaphor of this book of ืืฉืื: the parent lecturing the child, summarizing the greatest lesson so far: our moral judgment is formed from our observation of others, so donโt hang around with bad influences.
ื ืฉืืข ืื ื ืืงื ืืืจื; ืืืจืื ืื ืฉื ืืช ืืืืื
ืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืจืืชืื; ืืืจืืชืื ืืืขืืื ืืฉืจื
ืื ืืืืชื ืื ืืฆืจ ืฆืขืื; ืืื ืชืจืืฅ ืื ืชืืฉืื
ืื ืืืืง ืืืืกืจ ืื ืชืจืฃ; ื ืฆืจื ืื ืืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืื ืชืื; ืืื ืชืืฉืจ ืืืจื ืจืขืืื
ืื ืคืจืขืื ืื ืชืขืืจ ืื; ืฉืื ืืขืืื ืืขืืจื
ืื ืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืื ืื ืืจืขื; ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืชื ืื ืื ืืืฉืืื (ืึทืึฐืฉึดืืืืึผ)ื
ืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืฉืข; ืืืื ืืืกืื ืืฉืชืื
And Shlomo continues:
ืื ืืืจื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืืจ ื ืื; ืืืื ืืืืจ ืขื ื ืืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืืคืื; ืื ืืืขื ืืื ืืืฉืืื
The gemara uses this metaphor of the light of the righteous in the context of this paragraph, and returns to the fetus in the womb, knowing all of Torah:
ืืจืฉ ืจืื ืฉืืืื: ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืื? ืืคื ืงืก ืฉืืงืืคื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืชื ืฆืืขืื, ืฉืชื ืืฆืืืื ืขื ืฉืชื ืืจืืืืืชืื, ืืฉืชื ืขืงืืื ืขื ืฉืชื ืขืืืืชืื ืืจืืฉื ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืจืืืโฆืื ืจ ืืืืง ืื ืขื ืจืืฉื ืืฆืืคื ืืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืืขืืื ืืขื ืกืืคื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืื ืื:ื-ื) [ืึดื ืึดืชึผึฐื ึตื ึดื ืึฐืึทืจึฐืึตื ืงึถืึถื ืึผึดืืึตื ืึฑืืึนืงึผึท ืึดืฉืึฐืึฐืจึตื ึดื;] ืึผึฐืึดืึผืึน ื ึตืจืึน ืขึฒืึตื ืจึนืืฉืึดื ืึฐืืึนืจืึน ืึตืึถืึฐ ืึนืฉืึถืึฐ.
Shlomo will use that metaphor again:
ื ืจ ืืณ ื ืฉืืช ืืื; ืึนืคึตืฉื ืื ืืืจื ืืื
As Rabbi Tatz says in the lecture quoted above, this is a spiritual light that illuminates the fetusโs whole world. There are no questions, no uncertain decisions. It is part of the answer to my thesis from Fatherly Advice that our moral judgment is mimetic; it comes from what we observe as โnormalโ behavior in others.
Because people are highly attuned to the emergence of group norms, the model proposes that the mere fact that friends, allies, and acquaintances have made a moral judgment exerts a direct influence on others, even if no reasoned persuasion is used.
Here Shlomo reassures us that we do have an innate moral sense that comes from ืืงืืดื, and we develop that (or better, re-develop that) when we learn Torah. So there are three things that go into our ethical decisionmaking: our minds, what I call ethics, our hearts, what I call morals, and our conscience, that inner voice of that innate Torah that we were given.
But I would add that ืจืื ืฉืืืื emphasizes that the fetus is enfolded up in itself; the uncertainty starts when it has to interact with other people. As we said above, ืืจื ืืจืฅ is how society works. All of us, ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื, are in this together. And that takes work.