ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Better to Have Loved and Lost

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

When we left off, Avner had offered to defect to David. David responded (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื’:ื™ื’)โ€Žื•ื™ืืžืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืื›ืจืช ืืชืš ื‘ืจื™ืช; ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืืœ ืžืืชืš ืœืืžืจ ืœื ืชืจืื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืืš ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ. We donโ€™t know any details of what Avner does to make that happen, but when David next makes the request of Ish Boshet (with whom he is still at war), Ish Boshet agrees:

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ; ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื—ื” ืžืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ืฉ (ืœื™ืฉ)ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

Paltiel seems quite the tragic figure here, caught in the international intrigue between Israel and Judah, and ื—ื–ืดืœ saw him in only positive terms:

ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคืœื˜ื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืืžืจ ืจืณ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคืœื˜ื™ ืฉืžื• ื•ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ืฉืคืœื˜ื• ืึพืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ืžื” ืขืฉื”? ื ืขืฅ ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื”; ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื“ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) โ€ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื”โ€œ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื” ื›ืื™ืฉื”. ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’) โ€ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื”โ€œ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื”. โ€ืขื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ืโ€œ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื˜ืขืžื• ื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืื”.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘

But what does Michal think? We donโ€™t see her reaction here at all.

Iโ€™d like to spend some time looking at Michal and her history in ืชื ืดืš.


ืžื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืžืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืข; ื•ืฉื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ืชื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ืžืจื‘ ื•ืฉื ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื™ื›ืœืƒ ื  ื•ืฉื ืืฉืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืื—ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืช ืื—ื™ืžืขืฅ; ื•ืฉื ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ืื• ืื‘ื™ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืื•ืœืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™ื“

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ; ื•ื”ืณ ืขืžื•ืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืจื ืฉืื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืžืื“; ื•ื™ื’ืจ ืžืคื ื™ื•ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“; ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื•ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืืƒ

ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืจื‘ ืืชื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืœืืฉื” ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืณ; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืืžืจ ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ืชื”ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ

ื™ื— ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื™ ืื ื›ื™ ื•ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื—ืชืŸ ืœืžืœืšืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืชืช ืืช ืžืจื‘ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ื“; ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืชื™ ืœืืฉื”ืƒ ื› ื•ืชืื”ื‘ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื ื ื” ืœื• ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœื• ืœืžื•ืงืฉ ื•ืชื”ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื ืชืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื• ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื• ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื˜ ืœืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืš ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืื”ื‘ื•ืš; ื•ืขืชื” ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœืšืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœืš ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืจืฉ ื•ื ืงืœื”ืƒ ื›ื“ ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื• ืœืืžืจ; ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“ืƒ ื›ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ื›ื” ืชืืžืจื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืžื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืœืš; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœืš; ื•ืœื ืžืœืื• ื”ื™ืžื™ืืƒ ื›ื– ื•ื™ืงื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืœืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื• ื•ื™ืš ื‘ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืžืืชื™ื ืื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืขืจืœืชื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืžืœืื•ื ืœืžืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœืš; ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื• ืœืืฉื”ืƒ

ื›ื— ื•ื™ืจื ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืณ ืขื ื“ื•ื“; ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื”ื•ืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื™ืืกืฃ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืจื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ื“; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™ื—

Does Michal love David? The text is clear. Does David love Michal? The text never says. Rav Amnon Bazak argues that David wasnโ€™t interested in Michal as a person, only as a way to become part of the royal family:

ื•ื™ื’ื“ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืœืš; ื•ืœื ืžืœืื• ื”ื™ืžื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื™ื—:ื›ื•

And he points to an interesting parallel. Thereโ€™s one other story in ืชื ืดืš of a courtship that involves two sisters and an unreasonable trial imposed by the girlโ€™s father: the story of Jacob and Rachel. Itโ€™s hard to miss the parallels, but that only points out the contrast: we hear explicitly:

ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจื—ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื; ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืืชื”ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื˜:ื›

We never hear of the feelings of David for Michal. We do know that David likes his beautiful women, and Michal is described as such:

ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ืืจื‘ืข ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื: ืฉืจื” (ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ, ืจื—ื‘) +ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืดืก: [ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ]+, ื•ืืกืชืจโ€ฆ ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื” ื–ื™ื ืชื”, ื™ืขืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœื”, ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื™ืจืชื”, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืชื”.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•,ื

ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื” ื–ื ืชื” ื›ื•ืณืƒ ื’ื ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื [ืœืื• ืžืงืจื ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื”]. ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืจืžื– ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื โ€ฆื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืฉืงืคื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืณ ื•ื‘ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืชืฆื ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœืงืจืืชื• ื’ื•ืณ ื“ืืฉืžืขื™ื ืŸ ืงืจื ื“ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื ื” ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ืคื ื™ืžื” ื“ืืคื™ืณ ืืฉื” ื‘ืช ืžืœืš ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื ื” ืื—ืจ.

ืžื”ืจืฉืดื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื

But that is physical, not the ืื”ื‘ื” we expect from a ืฆื“ื™ืง.


Michal acts on her love:

ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืฉืื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืœืฉืžืจื• ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจ; ื•ืชื’ื“ ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืชื• ืœืืžืจ ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžืžืœื˜ ืืช ื ืคืฉืš ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžื—ืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ืžืชืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ืชืจื“ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื‘ืจื— ื•ื™ืžืœื˜ืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ืชืงื— ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืจืคื™ื ื•ืชืฉื ืืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื•ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืขื–ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืžืจืืฉืชื™ื•; ื•ืชื›ืก ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ืƒ

โ€ฆ

ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœืžื” ื›ื›ื” ืจืžื™ืชื ื™ ื•ืชืฉืœื—ื™ ืืช ืื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื™ืžืœื˜; ื•ืชืืžืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื ื™ ืœืžื” ืืžื™ืชืšืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™ื˜

But again, we never see Davidโ€™s reaction. Does David love Michal?


Then, when David is on the run, Saul gives her to Paltiel:

ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื• ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“; ืœืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืžื’ืœื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื“

We donโ€™t know how long Michal and David have been separated; one of the problems of ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ is the lack of any coherent chronology. Based on the flow of the text, I would assume itโ€™s been one to two years.

How does Saul justify taking Michal from David? ื—ื–ืดืœ give two answers:

ืืดืœ ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ืช ื“ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืžื™ื›ืœ ื–ื™ืœ ืื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื–ืœ ืื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื” ืืดืœ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื™ืช ืœืš ื’ื‘ืื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืืžืœื•ื” ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ืขืชื™ื” ืืคืจื•ื˜ื”

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘

ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจืณ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™, ืืžืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ ื”ืœื ืžื•ืจื“ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืช, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชื™ืจ ืงื•ื ืขืชื• ื•ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืก, ื•ื›ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžืช ื•ื“ืžื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฉืชื• ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืขืžื“ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืœืคืœื˜ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืฉ.

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืคืจืฉื” ืœื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื

Both are probably true. The first is the halachic justification, a technicality that makes it permissible. The second is the real reason. Saul has just declared David dead. How does Michal feel? Her last interaction with David was saving his life. Now David has married two other women (ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ and ืื—ื™ื ืขื). The text doesnโ€™t tell us.


ื‘ ื•ื™ืœื“ื• (ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ื•) ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื• ืืžื ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ื–ืจืขืืœืชืƒ ื’ ื•ืžืฉื ื”ื• ื›ืœืื‘ ืœืื‘ื™ื’ืœ (ืœืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ) ืืฉืช ื ื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืจืžืœื™; ื•ื”ืฉืœืฉื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื›ื” ื‘ืช ืชืœืžื™ ืžืœืš ื’ืฉื•ืจืƒ ื“ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืื“ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื’ื™ืช; ื•ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืคื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœืƒ ื” ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื™ืชืจืขื ืœืขื’ืœื” ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“; ืืœื” ื™ืœื“ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

We discussed before that ืขื’ืœื” ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“ is likely Michal. Note that David has a total of six wives, two of whom he married before he went to Ziklag and one of whom (ืžืขื›ื”) was likely a captive from his time in Ziklag. So by the time Michal returns to David in Hebron, heโ€™s got at least 3 other wives (possibly all 5). Does David love Michal?

ื—ื–ืดืœ say so:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ืขื’ืœื” ื–ื• ืžื™ื›ืœ. ื•ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ืขื’ืœื”? ืฉื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืขื’ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื“) ืœื•ืœื™ ื—ืจืฉืชื ื‘ืขื’ืœืชื™ ื•ื’ื•ืณ.

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื,ื

But thereโ€™s another understanding of the name ืขื’ืœื” that has nothing to do with Davidโ€™s love:

ื•ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ืขื’ืœื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื™ืชืจืขื ืœืขื’ืœื” ืืฉืช ื“ื•ื“ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื’:ื”), ื–ื• ืžื™ื›ืœ ื•ืœืžื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื” ืขื’ืœื”, ืžื” ื”ืขื’ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื”, ื›ืš ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœ ืžืื‘ื™ื”, ืืœื ืงื™ื ื˜ืจื” ืื•ืชื•.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื ื˜:ื“

So sheโ€™s named ืขื’ืœื” because she is independent (โ€œfriskyโ€ is the word we use for a calf in English but it doesnโ€™t have the right connotations here). Michal has her own opinions and her own mind, and will make her own decisions (notably, sheโ€™s the only woman in ืชื ืดืš whoโ€™s feelings toward her husband are recorded). But what does she feel now, being pulled from Paltiel back to David? We donโ€™t know.

This is a good point to mention Michalโ€™s other area of independence:

ื“ืชื ื™ื: ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื.

ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•,ื

Now, Iโ€™m not going to touch the contemporary question of women wearing tefillin. For a discussion, see Rabbi Brodyโ€™s article in Torah Musings.

But why would ื—ื–ืดืœ see Michal as the paradigm for a woman putting on tefillin? Unfortunately, despite the gallons of ink spilled on the halachic question, virtually nobody discussed the narrative question.

The ื‘ื”ืดื’ understands that the problem is based on the prohibition of a woman wearing a manโ€™s garment, and that a daughter of the king had more leeway there. The ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ sees it as a sign of her righteousness:

ื“ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ื“ืžืกืชืžื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื“ืงืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ.

ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืดื— ืœื—:ื•

The ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื brings an interesting kabbalistic explanation:

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืณ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืคืณ ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ื‘ืกืณ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืฉื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–ืดืœ ื›ืœื™ ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืดืช ื‘ืดืฉ ื’ื™ืณ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืกื•ื“ ืขืœืžื ื“ื“ื›ื•ืจื ื•ื›ื•ืณ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืดื›. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื™ืคื” ืœืœื‘ ื–ืดืœ ืื•ืช ื‘ืณ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืดืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืณ ืืคืฉืดืœ ื“ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืฉื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื™ื“ืขื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื ืฉืžื” ืžืขืœืžื ื“ื“ื›ื•ืจื ื•ืœื›ืš ื•ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื•ืœื“.ืขื›ืดืœ.

ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื—:ื˜

Iโ€™m not satisfied with any of these answers, and would like some hint from the text about this. Perhaps we are left with ืžื” ื”ืขื’ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ but that was only the ืขื•ืœ of the men in her life and she readily accepted the ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื as symbolized by her tefillin. Maybe.


ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื‘ื ืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืชื—ืชื• ืœืืžืจ ืœืžื™ ืืจืฅ; ืœืืžืจ ื›ืจืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืชืš ืืชื™ ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžืš ืœื”ืกื‘ ืืœื™ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ ื™ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืื›ืจืช ืืชืš ื‘ืจื™ืช; ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืืœ ืžืืชืš ืœืืžืจ ืœื ืชืจืื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื›ื™ ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืืš ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ืƒ

ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ; ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ ื˜ื• ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื—ื” ืžืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ืฉ (ืœื™ืฉ)ืƒ ื˜ื– ื•ื™ืœืš ืืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื‘ื›ื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื‘ื ืจ ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’

ื”ืขืงืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืฉืื•ืœ ื˜ืขื” ื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืงื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžืœื•ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœืžื›ื” ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื• ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืฉื•ื™ื ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืง ื“ื•ื“ (ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉื ื™ื“) ืชื ื” ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืืจืฉืชื™ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืื” ืขืจืœื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืดื– ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื ื•ืกื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื˜ืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื” ืžืช ื‘ืขืœืš ื•ื ืฉืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืืกืจื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื›ื”:ืžื“, ื“ืดื” ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•

We understand how David takes her back. But why? Rav Bazak and others who donโ€™t think David had any personal feelings toward Michal would say that it was political: David wanted to establish himself as Saulโ€™s successor and the rightful king of Israel. But Iโ€™m a little hesitant about that. David doesnโ€™t publicly call her ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ, just ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื›ืœ. His claim of kingship is based on Samuelโ€™s anointing, not his relationship to Saul. The ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ brings up another political reason: if Saul gave Michal to Paltiel because he claimed David was a rebel and thus dead, when the house of Saul returned Michal to David, it would be clear that David had not been a rebel and in fact had been loyal to Saul the whole time. Itโ€™s not ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ per se that David wanted but the admission from Saulโ€™s son that he (David) was innocent.

Or maybe David really loved Michal. But does Michal love David?


But five years later, things have gone sour:

ื˜ื– ื•ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืณ ื‘ื ืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ื“; ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืฉืงืคื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืชืจื ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“ ืžืคื–ื– ื•ืžื›ืจื›ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื•ืชื‘ื– ืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื”ืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืณ ื•ื™ืฆื’ื• ืืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื”ืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ื” ืœื• ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื•ืฉืœืžื™ืืƒ ื™ื— ื•ื™ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื; ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ ืฆื‘ืื•ืชืƒ ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื—ืœืง ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืื™ืฉ ื•ืขื“ ืืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื—ืœืช ืœื—ื ืื—ืช ื•ืืฉืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืืฉื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช; ื•ื™ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•ืƒ ื› ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื•;
ื•ืชืฆื ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืชืืžืจ ืžื” ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื ื’ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื›ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื ื’ืœื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืงื™ืืƒ ื›ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ ืžืื‘ื™ืš ื•ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืฆื•ืช ืืชื™ ื ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขื ื”ืณ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืฉื—ืงืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณืƒ ื›ื‘ ื•ื ืงืœืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ืืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืคืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™; ื•ืขื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืืžืจืช ืขืžื ืื›ื‘ื“ื”ืƒ ื›ื’ ื•ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื™ืœื“ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื•

Does Michal love David? Does David love Michal? Did Michal not have children because she was barrenโ€”or because she no longer had a relationship with David?


And we have one more mention of Michal, highlighting her righteousness and concern for others:

ื•ื™ืงื— ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฆืคื” ื‘ืช ืื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืืจืžื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืคื‘ืฉืช; ื•ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืชื™ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื:ื—

ื•ืจืณ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื—ื” ื ืžื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืžืจ ืœืš ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ื”ืœื ืžื™ืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื” ืžื™ืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื” ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื’ื™ื“ืœื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจืื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื” ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื™ืชื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืœื“ื•

ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘

So what happened? We will never know. But it certainly seems that the feelings that David and Michal had for each other turned eventually to scorn and even hate. And the story of Michal ends with a complete tragedy.

ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉื” ืขื–ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘ืช ืจื•ื— ืงืจืืš ื”ืณ; ื•ืืฉืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืžืืก ืืžืจ ืืœืงื™ืšืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื“:ื•