ื‘ืกืดื“

Kavanot: Battle Royale

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

And now we go back to David.

ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืžื—ื ื™ืžื”; ื•ืื‘ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื–:ื›ื“

When David retreats across the Jordan, he establishes his base in Machanaim, which we know from Yaakovโ€™s story:

ื ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื™ื ืฉืง ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืชื”ื; ื•ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ืœืžืงืžื•ืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืœืš ืœื“ืจื›ื•; ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ืžืœืื›ื™ ืืœืงื™ืืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื ืžื—ื ื” ืืœืงื™ื ื–ื”; ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื ื™ืืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ืœื‘

It is in the modern Golan Heights, easily defensible and very isolated from Israel proper. Itโ€™s where Avner re-established the independent kingdom of Israel after Saul was defeated by the Philistines:

ื— ื•ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ื ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืงื— ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืขื‘ืจื”ื• ืžื—ื ื™ืืƒ ื˜ ื•ื™ืžืœื›ื”ื• ืืœ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ืืœ ื”ืืฉื•ืจื™ ื•ืืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ; ื•ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื‘

So again, we have these references to the beginning of Davidโ€™s reign, but in reverse. Ish Boshet, Saulโ€™s son, was king on the east bank of the Jordan, with David as king in Chevron, then Jerusalem. Now, David is king on the east bank of the Jordan, and Avshalom is king in Chevron, then Jerusalem. This almost chiastic structure gives us the sense that we at the end of Davidโ€™s reign, and the cycle of Jewish history, of salvation, sin and exile, is going to continue. The text is setting up the tension, hinting that ื”ืณ will save David, and at the same time hinting that he will fall here in Machanaim.

And Avshalom comes, ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืžื•. Itโ€™s the same pasuk as ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื ืžื—ื ื™ืžื” but it clearly comes some time later; it takes time to muster ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. That was Chushaiโ€™s plan:

ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืขืฆืชื™ ื”ืืกืฃ ื™ืืกืฃ ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืจื‘; ื•ืคื ื™ืš ื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืƒ ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื—ืช (ื‘ืื—ื“) ื”ืžืงื•ืžืช ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื•ื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืœ ื”ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”; ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ื’ื ืื—ื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื–

The Yerushalmi says that David was in exile for 6 months, which seems to me to fit the sense of the story:

ืจื‘ ื—ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžืคื ื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื›ืคืจ ื›ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜.

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื:ื, ื“ืฃ ื‘,ื‘

So for 6 months Avshalom is gathering his forces, and at the same time (as we will see) David is gathering his forces. We donโ€™t have the details of what happened, but I assume there was an uneasy stalemate until Avshalom crosses the Jordan to attack.

ื›ื” ื•ืืช ืขืžืฉื ืฉื ืื‘ืฉืœื ืชื—ืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื; ื•ืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื•ืฉืžื• ื™ืชืจื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉ ืื—ื•ืช ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืื ื™ื•ืื‘ืƒ ื›ื• ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื‘ืฉืœื ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื–

Davidโ€™s general is ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื”, his nephew by his sister ืฆืจื•ื™ื”. Avshalom picks another cousin, ืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืชืจื, the son of Davidโ€™s other sister, ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ. But his identification is odd. He is a ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ (arenโ€™t we all?); his father is a ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, and his mother is ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉ, but her (and Davidโ€™s father) was named ื™ืฉื™.

ื•ืขืžืฉื ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ: ืจืดืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœืื™ืฉ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื–:ื›ื”

ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื ื“ืžืขืœืช ืขืžืฉื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžืขืœืช ื™ื•ืื‘, ืฉื™ื•ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ืืžื•, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืžืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืื—ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“โ€ฆื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื”ืœืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขืœ ืžืฉืขื ืช ืงื ื” ื–ื• ืกืžืš ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžืจื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ืื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืืžื•, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืื‘.

ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘, ืฉื

Avshalom is the sort of person to be impressed by external things like yichus; heโ€™s Davidโ€™s vain and pretty son:

ื•ื›ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืœืœ ืžืื“; ืžื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœื• ื•ืขื“ ืงื“ืงื“ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื•ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื“:ื›ื”

And we have the same sense from the way his father is described, ื™ืชืจื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. It wasnโ€™t his real name:

ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืืช ืขืžืฉื; ื•ืื‘ื™ ืขืžืฉื ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘:ื™ื–

ื™ืชืจื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™: ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื โ€ื™ืชืจื ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™โ€œ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ืœืคื™ืณ ื ืงืจื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™; ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื–:ื›ื”

Avshalom is emphasizing his yichus; he canโ€™t call him ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™. So he calls him ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ instead. And calling ืขืžืฉื's mother ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉ has a similar reason:

ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื‘ืช ื ื—ืฉ: ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื™ ืื‘ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื™ืฉื™ ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื˜ืขื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืื™ืฉ ืื‘ื™ื’ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื ืืœื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉืื ื” ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขืžืฉื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื. ื•ืจื–ืดืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ื™ืฉื™ ื ื—ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืช ื‘ืœื ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื—ืฉ ืจืดืœ ื‘ืขืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื™ืขืฅ ืœื—ื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืื– ื ืงื ืกื” ืžื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื™ ืขื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ื•ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื–ืดืœ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืงืจืื• ื ื—ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื• ืฆืคืขื•ื ื™ืณ ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื–:ื›ื”

ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืฉื˜ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงืจื ื™ืฉื™ ื’ื โ€ื ื—ืฉโ€œ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™: ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘.

ื”ืจื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง, ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ

Any way we look at it, whether he is emphasizing how ืขืžืฉื's grandfather (and his own!) was so righteous or so tough, or descended from the first ื ืฉื™ื of ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, it points out the family connection without any sense that ืขืžืฉื is actually capable of leading a battle. The fact is that he is a capable general, and in ืคืจืง ื™ื˜ David will hire him as his own military leader, but thereโ€™s no sense that Avshalom is thinking in those terms.


And while Avshalom is appointing his general and mustering his army, David is getting local support:

ื›ื– ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ื“ ืžื—ื ื™ืžื”; ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ ืžืจื‘ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ืืœ ืžืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ืžืจื’ืœื™ืืƒ ื›ื— ืžืฉื›ื‘ ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ืงืžื— ื•ืงืœื™ ื•ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืงืœื™ืƒ ื›ื˜ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ื—ืžืื” ื•ืฆืืŸ ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ; ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ื”ืขื ืจืขื‘ ื•ืขื™ืฃ ื•ืฆืžื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื–

Who are these people?

ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ is a familiar name:

ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืžืช ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ; ื•ื™ืžืœืš ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืชื—ืชื™ื•ืƒ
ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืืขืฉื” ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืื‘ื™ื• ืขืžื“ื™ ื—ืกื“ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื—ืžื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื•; ื•ื™ื‘ืื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืืจืฅ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ืืœ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื›ื‘ื“ ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืื‘ื™ืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืฉืœื— ืœืš ืžื ื—ืžื™ื; ื”ืœื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืจื’ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ืืœื™ืšืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืงื— ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื’ืœื— ืืช ื—ืฆื™ ื–ืงื ื ื•ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ ืฉืชื•ืชื™ื”ื; ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™

And that led to the disastrous war with Ammon and the eventual conquest and enslavement of its people. So ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ, presumably the brother of ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ, should hate David. But instead he saves him (the midrash says that ืฉื‘ื™ was ื—ื ื•ืŸ, who did โ€œืชืฉื•ื‘ื”โ€).

And weโ€™ve seen ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ืืœ before as well:

ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืืคืก ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืืขืฉื” ืขืžื• ื—ืกื“ ืืœืงื™ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ื ื›ื” ืจื’ืœื™ืืƒ ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื; ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ืืœ ื‘ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื”ืžืœืš ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ืงื—ื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ืืœ ืžืœื• ื“ื‘ืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื˜

So he was the one hiding the remnants of ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœ, now supporting David.

ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ is more subtle:

ื™ื– ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืจื‘ ืืชื” ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืœืืฉื” ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืณ; ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ืืžืจ ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื• ื•ืชื”ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ื“ ืคืœืฉืชื™ืืƒ

ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืชืช ืืช ืžืจื‘ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ื“; ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืชื™ ืœืืฉื”ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ืคืจืง ื™ื—

ื— ื•ื™ืงื— ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฆืคื” ื‘ืช ืื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืืจืžื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืคื‘ืฉืช; ื•ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืชื™ืƒ ื˜ ื•ื™ืชื ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื•ื™ืงื™ืขื ื‘ื”ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื•ื™ืคืœื• ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื (ืฉื‘ืขืชื) ื™ื—ื“; ื•ื”ื (ื•ื”ืžื”) ื”ืžืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื ื™ื ืชื—ืœืช (ื‘ืชื—ืœืช) ืงืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืจื™ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื›ื

ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืขื“ืจื™ืืœ: ื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื”? ื•ื”ืœื ืžื™ืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื” ืœื•! ืืœื ืžื™ืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื”, ื•ืžื™ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืœื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื™ืชื•ื ื•ื™ืชื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื›ืืœื• ื™ืœื“ื• ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื˜,ื‘).

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื:ื—

If ื‘ืจื–ืœื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™ is the father of ืขื“ืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ืœื™, then David has caused the death of 5 of his grandchildren. And yet he supports David.

ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื• ืœื“ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืœื” ืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื•, ื•ืœื ื ื˜ื• ืœื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉืคื›ื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฆื“ืงืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“.

ื•ืฉืžื ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ืกื™ื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื“. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื ื—ืฉ ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•, ื•ืฉืœื— ืืœื™ื• ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืžื ื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ืคืจืง ื™ืณ). ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ืœืฉืžืขื™ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื, ื›ืš ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื ื—ืฉโ€”ืฉืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื•โ€”ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ืœื—ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ื™ื•.

ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจืง, ื•ืกื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ื“ื•ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื•ืข, ื•ืžื•ืฆื ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื.

ื”ืจื‘ ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืง, ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ

Now we look at Davidโ€™s army.

ื ื•ื™ืคืงื“ ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื•; ื•ื™ืฉื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืจื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ ืžืื•ืชืƒ ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ืฉืœืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืœืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฆืจื•ื™ื” ืื—ื™ ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืœืฉืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืืชื™ ื”ื’ืชื™;
ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฆื ืืฆื ื’ื ืื ื™ ืขืžื›ืืƒ ื’ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืขื ืœื ืชืฆื ื›ื™ ืื ื ืก ื ื ื•ืก ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ ื•ืื ื™ืžืชื• ื—ืฆื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื›ืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื” ืืœืคื™ื; ื•ืขืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื–ื™ืจ (ืœืขื–ื•ืจ)ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื—

The ื•ื™ืคืงื“ ื“ื•ื“ is important, because it is part of the process of preparing the army for war.

ื•ื™ืฉื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืจื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ ืžืื•ืช: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื•ืฉื ื ืคืœื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืœื–ื” ืฆื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉื•ื— ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื• ืžืฉื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื‘.

ืจืœื‘ืดื’, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื—:ื

ื— ื•ื™ืกืคื• ื”ืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื ื•ืืžืจื• ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืจื ื•ืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื‘ ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•; ื•ืœื ื™ืžืก ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ ืื—ื™ื• ื›ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืƒ ื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื›ืœืช ื”ืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื; ื•ืคืงื“ื• ืฉืจื™ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืขืืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื›

So the irony is that ืคืงื™ื“ื” is when you send people back who canโ€™t fight. David is the one sent back. Heโ€™s 65 years old now, and his kids have taken away his car keys. All he can do is stay in the city and pray. And David is good at that; we have one ืคืจืง ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื that is explicitly connected to this battle:

ืืœื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืกื™ื;
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืณ ืืœืงื™ื ื• ื ื–ื›ื™ืจืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›:ื—

ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ืดื—:ื’ืณ-ื“ืณ) ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื™ืœืžืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›:ื

Weโ€™ve already looked at that perek, so I want to look at another prayer of David on behalf of the people:

ืชืคืœื” ืœืขื ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืขื˜ืฃ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืณ ื™ืฉืคืš ืฉื™ื—ื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื

This perek, like many ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, has two parts, with the volta at ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื’:โ€Ž ื•ืืชื” ื”ืณ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืฉื‘; ื•ื–ื›ืจืš ืœื“ืจ ื•ื“ืจ.

In the first half, David describes himself as poor and starving. The ื›ื•ืชืจืช is ืชืคืœื” ืœืขื ื™, but there is no prayer here, just verse after verse of misery. The second half makes the individualโ€™s suffering a metaphor for the exile of the people, and the prayer is that ื”ืณ should return them to their land. We have been trying to understand all of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื as written by David, and our story in ืฉืžื•ืืœ is Davidโ€™s experience in exile (and his experience with poverty and hunger).

In modern Hebrew (from Mishnaic Hebrew), ืขื˜ืฃ means to wrap or envelope. In ืชื ืดืš, it means to bend over or collapse.

ื•ื‘ื”ืขื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืฆืืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื˜ืคื™ื ืœืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘ืƒ

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœ:ืžื‘

ืงืฉื” ืื™ืคื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ืจื ืžื–ืœื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ื–ืง ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื ืดืš ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืคืจื•ืฉื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.

ืคื™ื‘ืœ ืžืœืฆืจ, ืคื ื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘

ื‘ ื”ืณ ืฉืžืขื” ืชืคืœืชื™; ื•ืฉื•ืขืชื™ ืืœื™ืš ืชื‘ื•ืืƒ
ื’ ืืœ ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ืš ืžืžื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจ ืœื™;
ื”ื˜ื” ืืœื™ ืื–ื ืš; ื‘ื™ื•ื ืืงืจื ืžื”ืจ ืขื ื ื™ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

โ€ฆื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ืืœื™ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืชโ€ฆื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืขืคืดื™ ืฉื”ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืฆืจื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืื• ืœืคื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจืงื ื• โ€ื™ืฉืคืš ืฉื™ื—ื•โ€œ, ืฆืขืจื• ื”ื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืชื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืืฃ ืื ื”ืฆืจื” ืฆืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื.

ืคื™ื‘ืœ ืžืœืฆืจ, ืคื ื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘

The next section is a brutal depiction of poverty, starvation and loneliness:

ื“ ื›ื™ ื›ืœื• ื‘ืขืฉืŸ ื™ืžื™; ื•ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ืงื“ ื ื—ืจื•ืƒ
ื” ื”ื•ื›ื” ื›ืขืฉื‘ ื•ื™ื‘ืฉ ืœื‘ื™; ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืžืื›ืœ ืœื—ืžื™ืƒ
ื• ืžืงื•ืœ ืื ื—ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืงื” ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ืฉืจื™ืƒ
ื– ื“ืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ; ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื›ื•ืก ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชืƒ
ื— ืฉืงื“ืชื™ ื•ืื”ื™ื” ื›ืฆืคื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ื’ื’ืƒ
ื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ืจืคื•ื ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™; ืžื”ื•ืœืœื™ ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืƒ
ื™ ื›ื™ ืืคืจ ื›ืœื—ื ืื›ืœืชื™; ื•ืฉืงื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ ืžืกื›ืชื™ืƒ
ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื–ืขืžืš ื•ืงืฆืคืš ื›ื™ ื ืฉืืชื ื™ ื•ืชืฉืœื™ื›ื ื™ืƒ
ื™ื‘ ื™ืžื™ ื›ืฆืœ ื ื˜ื•ื™; ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืขืฉื‘ ืื™ื‘ืฉืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

ืฉืึธืงึทึฅื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึธืึถึฝื”ึฐื™ึถึ‘ื” has an ืืชื ื—ืชืึ‘ under ื•ืื”ื™ื”, a pause. Artscroll translates it as โ€œI perservere but I remainโ€, but Meltzer cites Benno Jacob who connects ื•ืื”ื™ื” to ื”ึดื™, a sigh of pain:

ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืจึนืฉื‚ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ื›ึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธื—ื•ึนืจ; ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืงึดื ึดื™ื ื•ึธื”ึถื’ึถื” ื•ึธื”ึดื™ืƒ

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื‘:ื™

It connects all these verses together: I am like a starving, abandoned bird, crying in the wilderness.

ื“ืžื™ืชื™: ื”ืงืืช ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืง ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืงื•ืœื• ื›ืงื•ืœ ื ื”ื™, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื“ืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืงื•ืœื•.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ืก ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฃ ื•ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœื• ื›ืงื•ืœ ื ื”ื™.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื–

Then the psalmist turns to the ืชืคื™ืœื” part: end the exile; it is time:

ื™ื’ ื•ืืชื” ื”ืณ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืฉื‘; ื•ื–ื›ืจืš ืœื“ืจ ื•ื“ืจืƒ
ื™ื“ ืืชื” ืชืงื•ื ืชืจื—ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ; ื›ื™ ืขืช ืœื—ื ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื“ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

ื•ืืชื” ื”ืณ: ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืงืฆืจื• ื™ืžื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืื” ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ:

ื•ืืชื”: ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื•ืช ืืชื” ืชืฉื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืชืจืื” ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืื•ืชื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ.

ืจื“ืดืง, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื™ื’

And the reason that ื”ืณ should listen to his prayer to end the ื’ืœื•ืช is that he (and the people as a whole) want it so badly:

ื˜ื• ื›ื™ ืจืฆื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื”; ื•ืืช ืขืคืจื” ื™ื—ื ื ื•ืƒ
ื˜ื– ื•ื™ื™ืจืื• ื’ื•ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื”ืณ; ื•ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืšืƒ
ื™ื– ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื” ื”ืณ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

ื›ื™ ืจืฆื•: ืื”ื‘ื• ืืฃ ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืขืคืจื”

ืจืฉืณื™, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื˜ื•

ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื [ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”]? ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™: ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื“ื”ื•ืฆืœ, ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื“ืฉืฃ ื•ื™ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื”ืจื“ืขื.

ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื˜,ื

ื“ืฉืฃ ื•ื™ืชื™ื‘: ื•ื‘ื ืื” ื™ื›ื ื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ืžืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืขืคืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืจืฆื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืขืคืจื” ื™ื—ื•ื ื ื•.

ืจืฉืณื™, ืฉื

ืจืณ ืื‘ื ืžื ืฉืง ื›ื™ืคื™ ื“ืขื›ื•. ืจืณ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืžืชืงืœื™ื”โ€ฆืจืณ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ื’ืžื“ื ืžื™ื’ื ื“ืจ ื‘ืขืคืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื˜ื•) ื›ื™ ืจืฆื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืขืคืจื” ื™ื—ื•ื ื ื•

ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘,ื-ื‘

Itโ€™s a very Zionist sentiment: ื”ืณ will end the exile because we love ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ so much.

ืคึผึธื ึธื” ืืœ ืชืคืœืช ื”ืขืจืขืจ; ื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืชืคืœืชืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื™ื—

ืขืจืขืจ is the โ€œruined oneโ€, an echo of the ืคืจืง of ื’ืœื•ืช:

ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืณ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื;
ื”ืืžืจื™ื ืขืจื• ืขืจื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื–:ื–

ื™ื˜ ืชื›ืชื‘ ื–ืืช ืœื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ; ื•ืขื ื ื‘ืจื ื™ื”ืœืœ ื™ึพื”ืƒ
ื› ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืฃ ืžืžืจื•ื ืงื“ืฉื•; ื”ืณ ืžืฉืžื™ื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืƒ
ื›ื ืœืฉืžืข ืื ืงืช ืืกื™ืจ; ืœืคืชื— ื‘ื ื™ ืชืžื•ืชื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

Our response to this new salvation will be to write new ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื:

ืชื›ืชื‘: ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื ื•ืขื ื ื‘ืจื ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘:ื™ื˜

ื›ื‘ ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืณ; ื•ืชื”ืœืชื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืืƒ
ื›ื’ ื‘ื”ืงื‘ืฅ ืขืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื•; ื•ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืณืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

This is what we are looking for; not victory over our enemies but an end to enmity.

ื•ึทื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืื•ึนืชึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืจ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉึดืื™ ื•ึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึตื™ืช ืชึฐึผืคึดืœึธึผืชึดื™ ืขื•ึนืœึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืœ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึฐึผื—ึดื™; ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืชึฐึผืคึดืœึธึผื” ื™ึดืงึธึผืจึตื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ืืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื•:ื–

Then the psalmist goes back to the beginning, to his hunger and pain:

ื›ื“ ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื—ื• (ื›ื—ื™); ืงืฆืจ ื™ืžื™ืƒ
ื›ื” ืืžืจ ืืœื™ ืืœ ืชืขืœื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื™ืžื™; ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื™ืšืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

But his children will dwell forever in presence of ื”ืณ:

ื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืกื“ืช; ื•ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ืš ืฉืžื™ืืƒ
ื›ื– ื”ืžื” ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื•ืืชื” ืชืขืžื“;
ื•ื›ืœื ื›ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื‘ืœื•; ื›ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื ื•ื™ื—ืœืคื•ืƒ
ื›ื— ื•ืืชื” ื”ื•ื; ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ืš ืœื ื™ืชืžื•ืƒ
ื›ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ืš ื™ืฉื›ื•ื ื•; ื•ื–ืจืขื ืœืคื ื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืŸืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืงื‘

Thereโ€™s another perek that seems related, that deals with the glorious past and ignomious present, and the hope for a better future. It is attributed to ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื—, who are listed in the titles of 11 chapters of ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื.

ื˜ื– ื•ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ: ืžืžื ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืŸืƒ ื™ื– ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืขื“ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืณ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื; ื•ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืืƒ ื™ื— ื•ืืœื” ื”ืขืžื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื: ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ืชื™ ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœืƒ ื™ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืจื—ื ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ื—ืƒ ื› ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ืฃ (ืฆื•ืฃ) ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื‘ืŸ ืžื—ืช ื‘ืŸ ืขืžืฉื™ืƒ ื›ื ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฆืคื ื™ื”ืƒ ื›ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื‘ืŸ ืืกื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื—ืƒ ื›ื’ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืงื”ืช ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื•

We assume that ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— are the cousins of ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, one the choirmasters in the time of David. Their ืคืจืงื™ื are almost all described as ืœืžื ืฆื—, โ€for the masterโ€œ, and ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, which weโ€™ve translated as a lecture or polemic. Some of them are very upbeat and patriotic, like the ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™,โ€Ž ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื—,โ€Ž ื™ืคื” ื ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื›ืชื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ. Others are much more negative; unlike Davidโ€™s psalms, this starts happy and ends on a negative note.

It starts with how glorious the nationโ€™s past was:

ื ืœืžื ืฆื— ืœื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— ืžืฉื›ื™ืœืƒ
ื‘ ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื•;
ืคืขืœ ืคืขืœืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ืืƒ
ื’ ืืชื” ื™ื“ืš ื’ื•ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืชื˜ืขื;
ืชืจืข ืœืืžื™ื ื•ืชืฉืœื—ืืƒ
ื“ ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื‘ื ื™ืจืฉื• ืืจืฅ ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื” ืœืžื•;
ื›ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืš ื•ื–ืจื•ืขืš ื•ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

Then the ongoing history of Israel:

ื” ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื™ ืืœืงื™ื; ืฆื•ื” ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ืƒ
ื• ื‘ืš ืฆืจื™ื ื• ื ื ื’ื—; ื‘ืฉืžืš ื ื‘ื•ืก ืงืžื™ื ื•ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

And then it becomes more personal, in the first person singular:

ื– ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—; ื•ื—ืจื‘ื™ ืœื ืชื•ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืƒ
ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฉืขืชื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•; ื•ืžืฉื ืื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืชืƒ
ื˜ ื‘ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื; ื•ืฉืžืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื ื•ื“ื” ืกืœื”ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

I think this is a reference to David:

ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉืช ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื:ื™ื—

But then things get worse:

ื™ ืืฃ ื–ื ื—ืช ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืžื ื•; ื•ืœื ืชืฆื ื‘ืฆื‘ืื•ืชื™ื ื•ืƒ
ื™ื ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืื—ื•ืจ ืžื ื™ ืฆืจ; ื•ืžืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืฉืกื• ืœืžื•ืƒ
ื™ื‘ ืชืชื ื ื• ื›ืฆืืŸ ืžืื›ืœ; ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื ื–ืจื™ืชื ื•ืƒ
ื™ื’ ืชืžื›ืจ ืขืžืš ื‘ืœื ื”ื•ืŸ; ื•ืœื ืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื”ืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

Whatโ€™s interesting is that this is a ืงื™ื ื” without any mention of responsibility; ื‘ื ื™ ืงืจื— are claiming that ืชืžื›ืจ ืขืžืš ื‘ืœื ื”ื•ืŸ. Thereโ€™s no sense that the people sinned and deserve their fate.

The argument is that the disgrace of Israel (or the singular speaker; the sense goes back and forth as in ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื‘) is a ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืณ.โ€Ž ื‘ืฉืช ืคื ื™ is equivalent to ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ.

ื™ื“ ืชืฉื™ืžื ื• ื—ืจืคื” ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื ื•; ืœืขื’ ื•ืงืœืก ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืƒ
ื˜ื• ืชืฉื™ืžื ื• ืžืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื; ืžื ื•ื“ ืจืืฉ ื‘ืœืืžื™ืืƒ
ื˜ื– ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืœืžืชื™ ื ื’ื“ื™; ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืคื ื™ ื›ืกืชื ื™ืƒ
ื™ื– ืžืงื•ืœ ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ; ืžืคื ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืชื ืงืืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

The prayer for salvation is based on the premise that we, ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, have remained faithful despite everything ื”ืณ has done to us:

ื™ื— ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืชื ื• ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—ื ื•ืš; ื•ืœื ืฉืงืจื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชืšืƒ
ื™ื˜ ืœื ื ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•; ื•ืชื˜ ืืฉืจื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ ืืจื—ืšืƒ
ื› ื›ื™ ื“ื›ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชื ื™ื; ื•ืชื›ืก ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœืžื•ืชืƒ
ื›ื ืื ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ื•; ื•ื ืคืจืฉ ื›ืคื™ื ื• ืœืืœ ื–ืจืƒ
ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื—ืงืจ ื–ืืช; ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืœื‘ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

This has a very different feel from the โ€œDavidโ€ psalms. Itโ€™s not โ€œwe deserve all this, and ื”ืณ will make sure it all works out in the end, ื›ืœ ื“ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื˜ื‘ ืขื‘ื™ื“โ€. This simply states the fact, argues the case that we deserve redemption, not punishment, and ends with the plea:

ื›ื’ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืจื’ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื; ื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ื›ืฆืืŸ ื˜ื‘ื—ื”ืƒ
ื›ื“ ืขื•ืจื” ืœืžื” ืชื™ืฉืŸ ืื“ื ึพื™; ื”ืงื™ืฆื” ืืœ ืชื–ื ื— ืœื ืฆื—ืƒ
ื›ื” ืœืžื” ืคื ื™ืš ืชืกืชื™ืจ; ืชืฉื›ื— ืขื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื—ืฆื ื•ืƒ
ื›ื• ื›ื™ ืฉื—ื” ืœืขืคืจ ื ืคืฉื ื•; ื“ื‘ืงื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื˜ื ื ื•ืƒ
ื›ื– ืงื•ืžื” ืขื–ืจืชื” ืœื ื•; ื•ืคื“ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื—ืกื“ืšืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืžื“

โ€ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš ื”ื•ืจื’ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืโ€œ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืขื– ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ืช-ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื–ื” ืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื— ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืดื”: ืขืœื™ืš, ืขืœ ืฉืžืš, ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืžืš, ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ื”ืณ ื”ื•ืจื’ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื›ืžื” ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ โ€ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืโ€œ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืขื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืœื•ืชื ื•โ€”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืง ืขืฆื•ื ื“ื™ืงื ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื ื™ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ืช-ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช.

ืคื™ื‘ืœ ืžืœืฆืจ, ืคื ื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื“

In our narrative, David never expresses this feeling. But it is in ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื because it is a legitimate approach to suffering, and itโ€™s hard to imagine that the historical David behind the text never felt this way. He has paid for his sin with Bat Sheva and Uriah multiple times over, he has done ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, and he is still starving, in exile, unable to even fight for himself (we left the narrative with ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ืขื ืœื ืชืฆื ื›ื™ ืื ื ืก ื ื ื•ืก).


Back in the text, the description of the battle itself is brief:

ื“ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžืœืš ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืืขืฉื”; ื•ื™ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืื•ืช ื•ืœืืœืคื™ืืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืฆื• ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื•ืืช ืื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื•ืืช ืืชื™ ืœืืžืจ ืœืื˜ ืœื™ ืœื ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืฉืœื•ื; ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ืืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืฆื ื”ืขื ื”ืฉื“ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ื•ืชื”ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืืคืจื™ืืƒ ื– ื•ื™ื ื’ืคื• ืฉื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“; ื•ืชื”ื™ ืฉื ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืขืฉืจื™ื ืืœืฃืƒ ื— ื•ืชื”ื™ ืฉื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืคืฆื•ืช (ื ืคื•ืฆืช) ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื•ื™ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœืื›ืœ ื‘ืขื ืžืืฉืจ ืื›ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ืคืจืง ื™ื—

ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš: ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืชืคืœื” ื“ืื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืœื ืชืคืœื” ื›ืžืฉื–ืดืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืชืคืœืชื•. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื“ื–ืดืฉ ืืœ ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›:ื‘) ื•ึท๏ฌนึท๏ญึตื‘ ืึถืช ๏ญ„ึธื ึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื”ึท๏ญ‡ึดื™ืจ [ื•ึท๏ฌนึดืชึฐ๏ญ„ึท๏ฌผึตืœ ืึถืœ ื”ืณ].

ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื—:ื“

The battle happens in ื™ืขืจ ืืคืจื™ื, which is an area on the east side of the Jordan (even though ืืคืจื™ื was on the west):

ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืืคืจื™ื: ืืฃ ืฉื ื—ืœืช ืืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ืดืœ (ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืคื ื) ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืชืช ืœืจืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ืจืขื• ืืช ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื‘ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื.

ืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื—:ื•

And it is an allusion to a previous Israelite civil war that happened there:

ื“ ื•ื™ืงื‘ืฅ ื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ื•ื™ืœื—ื ืืช ืืคืจื™ื; ื•ื™ื›ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ืืช ืืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ืืชื ื’ืœืขื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื ืฉื”ืƒ ื” ื•ื™ืœื›ื“ ื’ืœืขื“ ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ื; ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืืžืจื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ืืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ืืคืจืชื™ ืืชื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืืƒ ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืืžืจ ื ื ืฉื‘ืœืช ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืกื‘ืœืช ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืื—ื–ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื•ื”ื• ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ; ื•ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืจื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืืœืฃืƒ

ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

ื™ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœืื›ืœ ื‘ืขื ืžืืฉืจ ืื›ืœื” ื”ื—ืจื‘ tells us about the panic in Avshalomโ€™s forces:

ื•ืชื”ื™ ืฉื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืคื•ืฆืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ: ื™ื“ืžื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื ืคืœ ืžื•ืจืš ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื‘ืชื” ื—ื™ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ืจื‘.

ืจืœื‘ืดื’, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื—:ื—

But I think it emphasizes the fact that David is trying his best to not kill ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, just as he insists they go ืœืื˜โ€ฆืœื ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืฉืœื•ื. David is trying to be king over all of ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. The tragedy is that it just doesnโ€™t work, foreshadowing the tragedy of Avshalom to come.