And now we go back to David.
ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืื; ืืืืฉืื ืขืืจ ืืช ืืืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืขืืื
When David retreats across the Jordan, he establishes his base in Machanaim, which we know from Yaakovโs story:
ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืงืจ ืืื ืฉืง ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืชืื ืืืืจื ืืชืื; ืืืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืงืืื ื ืืืขืงื ืืื ืืืจืื; ืืืคืืขื ืื ืืืืื ืืืงืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืขืงื ืืืฉืจ ืจืื ืืื ื ืืืงืื ืื; ืืืงืจื ืฉื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื
It is in the modern Golan Heights, easily defensible and very isolated from Israel proper. Itโs where Avner re-established the independent kingdom of Israel after Saul was defeated by the Philistines:
ื ืืืื ืจ ืื ื ืจ ืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืืื ืืงื ืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืขืืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืฉืืจื ืืื ืืืจืขืื; ืืขื ืืคืจืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื
So again, we have these references to the beginning of Davidโs reign, but in reverse. Ish Boshet, Saulโs son, was king on the east bank of the Jordan, with David as king in Chevron, then Jerusalem. Now, David is king on the east bank of the Jordan, and Avshalom is king in Chevron, then Jerusalem. This almost chiastic structure gives us the sense that we at the end of Davidโs reign, and the cycle of Jewish history, of salvation, sin and exile, is going to continue. The text is setting up the tension, hinting that ืืณ will save David, and at the same time hinting that he will fall here in Machanaim.
And Avshalom comes, ืืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื ืขืื. Itโs the same pasuk as ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื but it clearly comes some time later; it takes time to muster ืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืื. That was Chushaiโs plan:
ืื ืื ืืขืฆืชื ืืืกืฃ ืืืกืฃ ืขืืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืจ ืฉืืข ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืืื ืืจื; ืืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืงืจืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืช (ืืืื) ืืืงืืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืืฆื ืฉื ืื ืื ื ืขืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืคื ืืื ืขื ืืืืื; ืืื ื ืืชืจ ืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืื ืืืื
The Yerushalmi says that David was in exile for 6 months, which seems to me to fit the sense of the story:
ืจื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืื ืืืชื ืฉืฉื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืคื ื ืืืฉืืื ืื ื ืืฉืขืืจื ืืื ืืชืืคืจ ืืืืืื.
So for 6 months Avshalom is gathering his forces, and at the same time (as we will see) David is gathering his forces. We donโt have the details of what happened, but I assume there was an uneasy stalemate until Avshalom crosses the Jordan to attack.
ืื ืืืช ืขืืฉื ืฉื ืืืฉืื ืชืืช ืืืื ืขื ืืฆืื; ืืขืืฉื ืื ืืืฉ ืืฉืื ืืชืจื ืืืฉืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉ ืืืืช ืฆืจืืื ืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืฉืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืขืื
Davidโs general is ืืืื ืื ืฆืจืืื, his nephew by his sister ืฆืจืืื. Avshalom picks another cousin, ืขืืฉื ืื ืืชืจื, the son of Davidโs other sister, ืืืืื. But his identification is odd. He is a ืื ืืืฉ (arenโt we all?); his father is a ืืฉืจืืื, and his mother is ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉ, but her (and Davidโs father) was named ืืฉื.
ืืขืืฉื ืื ืืืฉ: ืจืดื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืื ืืื ืืืืงืช ืืืืืช ืืืืฉ.
ืืืชื ืืืืืืดื ืืืขืืช ืขืืฉื ืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืขืืช ืืืื, ืฉืืืื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืื ืฆืจืืื, ืืืื ืืืืืก ืืืฉืื ืจืง ืืืืช ืืื, ืฉืืืชื ืืชื ืฉื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืขืืฉื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืื, ืื ืืกืฃ ืขื ืืืืชื ืื ื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืโฆืืืกืคืจ ืงืืืช ืืขืงื ืืืกืืฃ ืืืืจ, ืฉืขื ืืฉืขื ืช ืงื ื ืื ืกืื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืกืืืจ ืฉืื ืืฆืืืืชืื ืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืจ ืฆืืื, ืืืื ืืฉื ืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืจ ืฆืื ืืฉืื ืืืชืจ, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืืืืก ืื ืืฆื ืืืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืื, ืืืื ืืืฆืืื ืืคืืื ื ืื ืืืื.
Avshalom is the sort of person to be impressed by external things like yichus; heโs Davidโs vain and pretty son:
ืืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืคื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืืื; ืืืฃ ืจืืื ืืขื ืงืืงืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื
And we have the same sense from the way his father is described, ืืชืจื ืืืฉืจืืื. It wasnโt his real name:
ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืช ืขืืฉื; ืืืื ืขืืฉื ืืชืจ ืืืฉืืขืืืื
ืืชืจื ืืืฉืจืืื: ืืืืืจื ืืืืื โืืชืจื ืืืฉืืขืืืโ. ืืฉืจืื ืืื, ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืืจืฅ ืืฉืืขืื. ืืคืืณ ื ืงืจื ืืฉืจืืื ืืืฉืืขืืื; ืืฉืืขืืื ืขื ืืืืจืืช, ืืืฉืจืืื ืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืขืืื.
Avshalom is emphasizing his yichus; he canโt call him ืืฉืืขืืื. So he calls him ืืฉืจืืื instead. And calling ืขืืฉื's mother ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉ has a similar reason:
ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ื ืืฉ: ืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืฉื ื ืฉืืืช ืืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืฉ ืืืืืื ืจืืื, ืืืขื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื ืืืื ืงืืื ืฉืืฉืื ื ืืืืื ืืขืืฉื ืืคืืื ืืืจ ืืฉืจ ืื. ืืจืืดื ืืจืฉื ืื ืืคืืื ื ืงืจื ืืฉื ื ืืฉ ืืคื ืฉืืช ืืื ืขืื ืืขืืื ืฉื ื ืืฉ ืจืดื ืืขืฆืชื ืฉื ื ืืฉ ืฉืืขืฅ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืฅ ืืืขืช ืืื ื ืงื ืกื ืืืชื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืขืื ืืืจ ืฉืืช ืืขืืืจื. ืืืืื ื ืืื ืืดื ืคืืจืฉ ืื ืงืจืื ื ืืฉ ืืคื ืฉืืฆืื ืืื ื ืฆืคืขืื ืืณ ืฉืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืืขืืื.
ืืกืืจ ืงืจืื ืืืชืจ ืืคืฉื ืืืืข ื ืงืจื ืืฉื ืื โื ืืฉโ ื ืืชื ืืืฆืื ืืฉืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืชืื ืืืคืืจืกืืื ืฉื ืืฉื: ื ืืฉืื ืื ืขืืื ืื.
Any way we look at it, whether he is emphasizing how ืขืืฉื's grandfather (and his own!) was so righteous or so tough, or descended from the first ื ืฉืื of ืืืืื, it points out the family connection without any sense that ืขืืฉื is actually capable of leading a battle. The fact is that he is a capable general, and in ืคืจืง ืื David will hire him as his own military leader, but thereโs no sense that Avshalom is thinking in those terms.
And while Avshalom is appointing his general and mustering his army, David is getting local support:
ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื; ืืฉืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืืจืืช ืื ื ืขืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืจืืื ืืืืขืื ืืจืืืืื
ืื ืืฉืื ืืกืคืืช ืืืื ืืืฆืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืขืจืื ืืงืื ืืงืื ืืคืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืงืืื
ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืื ืืฆืื ืืฉืคืืช ืืงืจ ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืืืื; ืื ืืืจื ืืขื ืจืขื ืืขืืฃ ืืฆืื ืืืืืจื
Who are these people?
ืื ื ืืฉ is a familiar name:
ื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืื ื ืขืืื; ืืืืื ืื ืื ืื ื ืชืืชืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืกื ืขื ืื ืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืขืฉื ืืืื ืขืืื ืืกื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืืื; ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืจืฅ ืื ื ืขืืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืฉืจื ืื ื ืขืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืขืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืื ืืืื; ืืืื ืืขืืืจ ืืงืจ ืืช ืืขืืจ ืืืจืืื ืืืืคืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืช ืขืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืงื ืื ืื ืืช ืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฆื ืืงื ื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืฆื ืขื ืฉืชืืชืืื; ืืืฉืืืื
And that led to the disastrous war with Ammon and the eventual conquest and enslavement of its people. So ืฉืื ืื ื ืืฉ, presumably the brother of ืื ืื ืื ื ืืฉ, should hate David. But instead he saves him (the midrash says that ืฉืื was ืื ืื, who did โืชืฉืืืโ).
And weโve seen ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื before as well:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืคืก ืขืื ืืืฉ ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื ืืืงืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืชื ื ืื ืจืืืืื ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืคื ืืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืื; ืืืงืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจื
So he was the one hiding the remnants of ืืืืืช ืฉืืื, now supporting David.
ืืจืืื ืืืืขืื is more subtle:
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืืจื ืืชื ืืชื ืื ืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืืณ; ืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืื ืชืื ืืื ืื ืืชืื ืื ืื ืคืืฉืชืืื
ืื ืืืื ืืขืช ืชืช ืืช ืืจื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืืื; ืืืื ื ืชื ื ืืขืืจืืื ืืืืืชื ืืืฉืื
ื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืื ื ืจืฆืคื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืื ื ืืืช ืืคืืฉืช; ืืืช ืืืฉืช ืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืขืืจืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืชืื ื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืืงืืขื ืืืจ ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืืคืื ืฉืืขืชืื (ืฉืืขืชื) ืืื; ืืื (ืืืื) ืืืชื ืืืื ืงืฆืืจ ืืจืืฉื ืื ืชืืืช (ืืชืืืช) ืงืฆืืจ ืฉืขืจืืื
ืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืขืืจืืื: ืืื ืืืื ืืืื? ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืื! ืืื ืืืจื ืืืื, ืืืืื ืืืื, ืืคืืื ื ืงืจื ืขื ืฉืื, ืืืืืื ืืชืื ืืืชืืื ืืชืื ืืืชื, ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืขื ืฉืื (ืกื ืืืจืื ืื,ื).
If ืืจืืื ืืืืขืื is the father of ืขืืจืืื ืื ืืจืืื, then David has caused the death of 5 of his grandchildren. And yet he supports David.
ืืกืืืข ืฉืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืงืืจืื ืฉืืื ืืกืชืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืช, ืืื ืฉืืขื ืื ืืจื. ืจืืื ืืื ืืืืงื ืืขืจืืื ืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืคืืื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืจืืฃ ืืืจืื ืืืจืื, ืืื ื ืื ืืืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืื ืฉื ืฉืคืื ืืืืจืืขืื ืืฉืื ืื. ืงืืืื ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืกืคืจืืชื ื ืืกืฃ ืืฆืืงืช ืืจืื ืฉื ืืื.
ืืฉืื ืื ืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืืช ืกืืืขื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืืืื. ืกืืืจ ืืื ืื ืฉืฉืืื ืืื ืื ื ืฉื ื ืืฉ ืืื ืื ื ืขืืื, ืฉืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืืืื ืืกื ืขื ืื ืื ืื ื, ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืช ืืืื (ืืขืื ืคืจืง ืืณ). ืืืืืจ, ืื ืื ืืชืืื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืืฆืื ืืืช, ืืืืฉืื ืืช ืืืฉืืืช ืื ืืกืืื ืจืืืื. ืืืื, ืืฉื ืฉืชืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืชืื ืืฉืืขื ืื ืืจื, ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืฉโืฉืืขืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืกืืืข ืืโืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืกืชืืื ืืคืจืง, ืืกืืืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืงืจืืช ืืืืืช. ืืื ืืงืื ืกืืืข, ืืืืฆื ืื ืืงืื ืืืงืฃ ืืืืืืื. ืืืื ืคืชืืื ืืืจื ืืืชืจืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืงืจื ืืื.
Now we look at Davidโs army.
ื ืืืคืงื ืืื ืืช ืืขื ืืฉืจ ืืชื; ืืืฉื ืขืืืื ืฉืจื ืืืคืื ืืฉืจื ืืืืชื
ื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืช ืืขื ืืฉืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืฉื ืื ืฆืจืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืฉืช ืืื ืืชื ืืืชื;
ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืขื ืืฆื ืืฆื ืื ืื ื ืขืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื ืชืฆื ืื ืื ื ืก ื ื ืืก ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืฆืื ื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืื ืื ืขืชื ืืื ื ืขืฉืจื ืืืคืื; ืืขืชื ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืื ื ืืขืืจ ืืขืืืจ (ืืขืืืจ)ื
The ืืืคืงื ืืื is important, because it is part of the process of preparing the army for war.
ืืืฉื ืขืืืื ืฉืจื ืืืคืื ืืฉืจื ืืืืช: ืืื ืฉืืืื ืกืืืจ ืืืืืื ืืืืคื ืืจืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืื ืจืืฉื ื ืคืื ืืืืขืช ืืชืืืืช ืืืืืงืฉ ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฆืืชื ืืชืืจื ืืคืจืฉืช ืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืืื ืืืืคื ืืืจ ืฉืืืกืจื ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจืืื ืืจืื ืืืื.
ื ืืืกืคื ืืฉืืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืขื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืืฉ ืืืจื ืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืชื; ืืื ืืืก ืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืฉืืจืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืขื; ืืคืงืื ืฉืจื ืฆืืืืช ืืจืืฉ ืืขืื
So the irony is that ืคืงืืื is when you send people back who canโt fight. David is the one sent back. Heโs 65 years old now, and his kids have taken away his car keys. All he can do is stay in the city and pray. And David is good at that; we have one ืคืจืง ืชืืืืื that is explicitly connected to this battle:
ืืื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืกืืกืื;
ืืื ืื ื ืืฉื ืืณ ืืืงืื ื ื ืืืืจื
ืืืืืืจ ืืื ืขื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืจืืฉืื ืืืชืคืื ืขืืืื ืืขื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืฉืืืื ื ืืดื:ืืณ-ืืณ) ืืื ืื ืชืืื ืื ื ืืขืืจ ืืขืืืจ ืืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืืื ืืืืื.
Weโve already looked at that perek, so I want to look at another prayer of David on behalf of the people:
ืชืคืื ืืขื ื ืื ืืขืืฃ ืืืคื ื ืืณ ืืฉืคื ืฉืืืื
This perek, like many ืชืืืืื, has two parts, with the volta at ืคืกืืง ืื:โ ืืืชื ืืณ ืืขืืื ืชืฉื; ืืืืจื ืืืจ ืืืจ.
In the first half, David describes himself as poor and starving. The ืืืชืจืช is ืชืคืื ืืขื ื, but there is no prayer here, just verse after verse of misery. The second half makes the individualโs suffering a metaphor for the exile of the people, and the prayer is that ืืณ should return them to their land. We have been trying to understand all of ืชืืืืื as written by David, and our story in ืฉืืืื is Davidโs experience in exile (and his experience with poverty and hunger).
In modern Hebrew (from Mishnaic Hebrew), ืขืืฃ means to wrap or envelope. In ืชื ืดื, it means to bend over or collapse.
ืืืืขืืืฃ ืืฆืื ืื ืืฉืื; ืืืื ืืขืืคืื ืืืื ืืืงืฉืจืื ืืืขืงืื
ืงืฉื ืืืคืื ืืืืื, ืืืืข ืืจื ืืืื ืฉื ืคืืขื ืืืง ืื, ืื ืืฆื ืืชื ืดื ืคืขืืื ืื ืืขืืืช, ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ื ื ืืืืืจื ืืช ืืืืขื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืฉืื ืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืฃ ืืื ืืืืขืื ืคืจืืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืืขื ืขืืจืืช.
ื ืืณ ืฉืืขื ืชืคืืชื; ืืฉืืขืชื ืืืื ืชืืืื
ื ืื ืชืกืชืจ ืคื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืฆืจ ืื;
ืืื ืืื ืืื ื; ืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืจ ืขื ื ืื
โฆืื ืืืืง ืืจืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืชืคืจืฉ ืืืืืืืจืื ืืขื ืื ืืืืืชโฆืืชืื ืืืชืื ืฉืืขืคืดื ืฉืืฆืจื ืืื ืฆืจืช ืืืื, ืฆืจื ืืืืืืช, ืืืื ืืืืืช, ืืฉืคืื ืืฉืืจืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ืื ืืคื ืืืื ืฉื ืคืจืงื ื โืืฉืคื ืฉืืืโ, ืฆืขืจื ืืื, ืืคื ืฉืืื ืืจืืืฉ ืืช ืฆืจืช ืืืื ืืืืืคื ืื ืชืื ืืืื ืช ืฆืืจืช ืืืืื ืืืืืจ, ืืฃ ืื ืืฆืจื ืฆืจืช ืืืื ืืื.
The next section is a brutal depiction of poverty, starvation and loneliness:
ื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืื; ืืขืฆืืืชื ืืืืงื ื ืืจืื
ื ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืืฉ ืืื; ืื ืฉืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื
ื ืืงืื ืื ืืชื ืืืงื ืขืฆืื ืืืฉืจืื
ื ืืืืชื ืืงืืช ืืืืจ; ืืืืชื ืืืืก ืืจืืืชื
ื ืฉืงืืชื ืืืืื ืืฆืคืืจ ืืืื ืขื ืืื
ื ืื ืืืื ืืจืคืื ื ืืืืื; ืืืืืื ืื ื ืฉืืขืื
ื ืื ืืคืจ ืืืื ืืืืชื; ืืฉืงืื ืืืื ืืกืืชืื
ืื ืืคื ื ืืขืื ืืงืฆืคื ืื ื ืฉืืชื ื ืืชืฉืืืื ืื
ืื ืืื ืืฆื ื ืืื; ืืื ื ืืขืฉื ืืืืฉื
ืฉืึธืงึทึฅืึฐืชึผึดื ืึธืึถึฝืึฐืึถึื has an ืืชื ืืชืึ under ืืืืื, a pause. Artscroll translates it as โI perservere but I remainโ, but Meltzer cites Benno Jacob who connects ืืืืื to ืึดื, a sigh of pain:
ืึทืึผึดืคึฐืจึนืฉื ืืึนืชึธืึผ ืึฐืคึธื ึทื ืึฐืึดืื ืึฐืชืึผืึธื ืคึผึธื ึดืื ืึฐืึธืืึนืจ; ืึฐืึธืชืึผื ืึตืึถืืึธ ืงึดื ึดืื ืึธืึถืึถื ืึธืึดืื
It connects all these verses together: I am like a starving, abandoned bird, crying in the wilderness.
ืืืืชื: ืืงืืช ืืื ืงืืง ืืื ืขืืฃ ืืืืจ, ืืงืืื ืืงืื ื ืื, ืืคืืื ืืืจ ืืืืชื ืืงืืช ืืืืจ ืืจืืฆื ืืืืจ ืืงืืื.
ืืื ืืืืก ืืจืืืช, ืฉืืื ืขืฃ ืืฉืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืจืืื ืืงืืื ืืงืื ื ืื.
Then the psalmist turns to the ืชืคืืื part: end the exile; it is time:
ืื ืืืชื ืืณ ืืขืืื ืชืฉื; ืืืืจื ืืืจ ืืืจื
ืื ืืชื ืชืงืื ืชืจืื ืฆืืื; ืื ืขืช ืืื ื ื ืื ืื ืืืขืื
ืืืชื ืืณ: ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืงืฆืจื ืืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืงืฆืืจ ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืืจ:
ืืืชื: ืืฃ ืขื ืคื ืฉืื ื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืชื ืชืฉื ืืขืืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืืื ืืืืชื ืฉืืืื ืืืืชื ืืืืจ.
And the reason that ืืณ should listen to his prayer to end the ืืืืช is that he (and the people as a whole) want it so badly:
ืื ืื ืจืฆื ืขืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื; ืืืช ืขืคืจื ืืื ื ืื
ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืณ; ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืช ืืืืืื
ืื ืื ืื ื ืืณ ืฆืืื ื ืจืื ืืืืืืื
ืื ืจืฆื: ืืืื ืืฃ ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืช ืขืคืจื
ืืืื ืืืื [ืืฉืืื ื]? ืืืจ ืืืื: ืืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืืืืฆื, ืืืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืืฉืฃ ืืืชืื ืื ืืจืืขื.
ืืฉืฃ ืืืชืื: ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืกืืขืชื ืืืื ืื ืืขืคืจ ืฉืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืืืชื ืืงืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ืจืฆื ืขืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืช ืขืคืจื ืืืื ื ื.
ืจืณ ืืื ืื ืฉืง ืืืคื ืืขืื. ืจืณ ืื ืื ื ืืชืงื ืืชืงืืืโฆืจืณ ืืืื ืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืจ ืืขืคืจื, ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืงื:ืื) ืื ืจืฆื ืขืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืช ืขืคืจื ืืืื ื ื
Itโs a very Zionist sentiment: ืืณ will end the exile because we love ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจืื so much.
ืคึผึธื ึธื ืื ืชืคืืช ืืขืจืขืจ; ืืื ืืื ืืช ืชืคืืชืื
ืขืจืขืจ is the โruined oneโ, an echo of the ืคืจืง of ืืืืช:
ืืืจ ืืณ ืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืจืืฉืื;
ืืืืจืื ืขืจื ืขืจื ืขื ืืืกืื ืืื
ืื ืชืืชื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืืืจืื; ืืขื ื ืืจื ืืืื ืึพืื
ื ืื ืืฉืงืืฃ ืืืจืื ืงืืฉื; ืืณ ืืฉืืื ืื ืืจืฅ ืืืืื
ืื ืืฉืืข ืื ืงืช ืืกืืจ; ืืคืชื ืื ื ืชืืืชืื
Our response to this new salvation will be to write new ืชืืืืื:
ืชืืชื: ืื ืืคืกืืง ืืืืช, ืื ืืืช ืืจื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืจืจืื ืืืขื ืืขื ื ืืจื ืื ืืืื ื ืืจื ืืฉืื ืืฉื ืฉืืืช ืฆืืื.
ืื ืืกืคืจ ืืฆืืื ืฉื ืืณ; ืืชืืืชื ืืืจืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืงืืฅ ืขืืื ืืืื; ืืืืืืืช ืืขืื ืืช ืืณื
This is what we are looking for; not victory over our enemies but an end to enmity.
ืึทืึฒืึดืืืึนืชึดืื ืึถื ืึทืจ ืงึธืึฐืฉึดืื ืึฐืฉึดืืึทึผืึฐืชึดึผืื ืึฐึผืึตืืช ืชึฐึผืคึดืึธึผืชึดื ืขืึนืึนืชึตืืึถื ืึฐืึดืึฐืึตืืึถื ืึฐืจึธืฆืึนื ืขึทื ืึดืึฐืึฐึผืึดื; ืึดึผื ืึตืืชึดื ืึตึผืืช ืชึฐึผืคึดืึธึผื ืึดืงึธึผืจึตื ืึฐืึธื ืึธืขึทืึดึผืืื
Then the psalmist goes back to the beginning, to his hunger and pain:
ืื ืขื ื ืืืจื ืืื (ืืื); ืงืฆืจ ืืืื
ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืชืขืื ื ืืืฆื ืืื; ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืฉื ืืชืืื
But his children will dwell forever in presence of ืืณ:
ืื ืืคื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืืกืืช; ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืืื
ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืชืขืื;
ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื; ืืืืืฉ ืชืืืืคื ืืืืืคืื
ืื ืืืชื ืืื; ืืฉื ืืชืื ืื ืืชืืื
ืื ืื ื ืขืืืื ืืฉืืื ื; ืืืจืขื ืืคื ืื ืืืืื
Thereโs another perek that seems related, that deals with the glorious past and ignomious present, and the hope for a better future. It is attributed to ืื ื ืงืจื, who are listed in the titles of 11 chapters of ืชืืืืื.
ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืขืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืจ ืืืช ืืณ: ืืื ืื ืืืจืืื
ืื ืืืืื ืืฉืจืชืื ืืคื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืขื ืืฉืืจ ืขื ืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืช ืืืช ืืณ ืืืจืืฉืื; ืืืขืืื ืืืฉืคืื ืขื ืขืืืืชืื
ืื ืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืืื: ืืื ื ืืงืืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืืจืจ ืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืืืื
ืื ืื ืืืงื ื ืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืชืืื
ื ืื ืฆืืฃ (ืฆืืฃ) ืื ืืืงื ื ืื ืืืช ืื ืขืืฉืื
ืื ืื ืืืงื ื ืื ืืืื ืื ืขืืจืื ืื ืฆืคื ืืื
ืื ืื ืชืืช ืื ืืกืืจ ืื ืืืืกืฃ ืื ืงืจืื
ืื ืื ืืฆืืจ ืื ืงืืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืืื
We assume that ืื ื ืงืจื are the cousins of ืืืื ืืืฉืืจืจ, one the choirmasters in the time of David. Their ืคืจืงืื are almost all described as ืืื ืฆื, โfor the masterโ, and ืืฉืืื, which weโve translated as a lecture or polemic. Some of them are very upbeat and patriotic, like the ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืืื ืฉื ื,โ ืชืืืืื ืคืจืง ืื,โ ืืคื ื ืืฃ ืืฉืืฉ ืื ืืืจืฅ; ืืจ ืฆืืื ืืจืืชื ืฆืคืื. Others are much more negative; unlike Davidโs psalms, this starts happy and ends on a negative note.
It starts with how glorious the nationโs past was:
ื ืืื ืฆื ืืื ื ืงืจื ืืฉืืืื
ื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืื ื ืฉืืขื ื ืืืืชืื ื ืกืคืจื ืื ื;
ืคืขื ืคืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืงืืื
ื ืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืฉืช ืืชืืขื;
ืชืจืข ืืืืื ืืชืฉืืืื
ื ืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืจืฉื ืืจืฅ ืืืจืืขื ืื ืืืฉืืขื ืืื;
ืื ืืืื ื ืืืจืืขื ืืืืจ ืคื ืื ืื ืจืฆืืชืื
Then the ongoing history of Israel:
ื ืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืงืื; ืฆืื ืืฉืืขืืช ืืขืงืื
ื ืื ืฆืจืื ื ื ื ืื; ืืฉืื ื ืืืก ืงืืื ืื
And then it becomes more personal, in the first person singular:
ื ืื ืื ืืงืฉืชื ืืืื; ืืืจืื ืื ืชืืฉืืขื ืื
ื ืื ืืืฉืขืชื ื ืืฆืจืื ื; ืืืฉื ืืื ื ืืืืฉืืชื
ื ืืืืงืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืืื; ืืฉืื ืืขืืื ื ืืื ืกืืื
I think this is a reference to David:
ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืงืฉืช ืื ื ืืชืืื ืขื ืกืคืจ ืืืฉืจื
But then things get worse:
ื ืืฃ ืื ืืช ืืชืืืืื ื; ืืื ืชืฆื ืืฆืืืืชืื ืื
ืื ืชืฉืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ื ืฆืจ; ืืืฉื ืืื ื ืฉืกื ืืืื
ืื ืชืชื ื ื ืืฆืื ืืืื; ืืืืืื ืืจืืชื ืื
ืื ืชืืืจ ืขืื ืืื ืืื; ืืื ืจืืืช ืืืืืจืืืื
Whatโs interesting is that this is a ืงืื ื without any mention of responsibility; ืื ื ืงืจื are claiming that ืชืืืจ ืขืื ืืื ืืื. Thereโs no sense that the people sinned and deserve their fate.
The argument is that the disgrace of Israel (or the singular speaker; the sense goes back and forth as in ืชืืืืื ืงื) is a ืืืืื ืืณ.โ ืืฉืช ืคื ื is equivalent to ืืืจืฃ ืืืืืฃ.
ืื ืชืฉืืื ื ืืจืคื ืืฉืื ืื ื; ืืขื ืืงืืก ืืกืืืืืชืื ืื
ืื ืชืฉืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืื; ืื ืื ืจืืฉ ืืืืืืื
ืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ื ืืื; ืืืฉืช ืคื ื ืืกืชื ืื
ืื ืืงืื ืืืจืฃ ืืืืืฃ; ืืคื ื ืืืื ืืืชื ืงืื
The prayer for salvation is based on the premise that we, ืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื, have remained faithful despite everything ืืณ has done to us:
ืื ืื ืืืช ืืืชื ื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื; ืืื ืฉืงืจื ื ืืืจืืชืื
ืื ืื ื ืกืื ืืืืจ ืืื ื; ืืชื ืืฉืจืื ื ืื ื ืืจืืื
ื ืื ืืืืชื ื ืืืงืื ืชื ืื; ืืชืืก ืขืืื ื ืืฆืืืืชื
ืื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืฉื ืืืงืื ื; ืื ืคืจืฉ ืืคืื ื ืืื ืืจื
ืื ืืื ืืืงืื ืืืงืจ ืืืช; ืื ืืื ืืืข ืชืขืืืืช ืืื
This has a very different feel from the โDavidโ psalms. Itโs not โwe deserve all this, and ืืณ will make sure it all works out in the end, ืื ืืขืืื ืจืืื ื ืืื ืขืืืโ. This simply states the fact, argues the case that we deserve redemption, not punishment, and ends with the plea:
ืื ืื ืขืืื ืืจืื ื ืื ืืืื; ื ืืฉืื ื ืืฆืื ืืืืื
ืื ืขืืจื ืืื ืชืืฉื ืืื ึพื; ืืงืืฆื ืื ืชืื ื ืื ืฆืื
ืื ืืื ืคื ืื ืชืกืชืืจ; ืชืฉืื ืขื ืื ื ืืืืฆื ืื
ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืขืคืจ ื ืคืฉื ื; ืืืงื ืืืจืฅ ืืื ื ืื
ืื ืงืืื ืขืืจืชื ืื ื; ืืคืื ื ืืืขื ืืกืืื
โืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ื ืื ืืืืโ ืื ืืืืืื ืืขื ืืืืชืจ ืืืืช-ืงืืืฉืื, ืื ืฉืืจ ืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืชืืืขื ืื ืคืืฅ ืืืืชืจ ืฉืื ืกืช ืืฉืจืื ืืืืฉื ืืงืืดื: ืขืืื, ืขื ืฉืื, ืขื ืงืืืฉ ืฉืื, ืขื ืืืืชื ื ืื ื ืขื ืืณ ืืืจืื ื ืื ืืืื. ืืื ืคืฉืืืช ืืฉ ืืืืื โืื ืืืืโ ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืื ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืขืืื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืจ ืขืืืืื ืขืืื ื ืืืืืชื ืโืื ืืืื. ืืฉ ืืืืง ืขืฆืื ืืืงื ืืคืฉืืืช ืื, ืฉืืฉ ืื ื ืืื ืืืืืชืืช-ืคืฉืื ืืช.
In our narrative, David never expresses this feeling. But it is in ืกืคืจ ืชืืืืื because it is a legitimate approach to suffering, and itโs hard to imagine that the historical David behind the text never felt this way. He has paid for his sin with Bat Sheva and Uriah multiple times over, he has done ืชืฉืืื, and he is still starving, in exile, unable to even fight for himself (we left the narrative with ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืื ืชืฆื ืื ืื ื ืก ื ื ืืก).
Back in the text, the description of the battle itself is brief:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืขืื ืืื ืืขืฉื; ืืืขืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืื ืืขื ืืฆืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืคืืื
ื ืืืฆื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืฉื ืืืช ืืชื ืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืขืจ ืืืืฉืืื; ืืื ืืขื ืฉืืขื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืืฉืืืื
ื ืืืฆื ืืขื ืืฉืื ืืงืจืืช ืืฉืจืื; ืืชืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืจ ืืคืจืืื
ื ืืื ืืคื ืฉื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืคื ื ืขืืื ืืื; ืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืคื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขืฉืจืื ืืืฃื
ื ืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ื ืคืฆืืช (ื ืคืืฆืช) ืขื ืคื ื ืื ืืืจืฅ; ืืืจื ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืืขื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื
ืืืขืืื ืืืื: ืืฉ ืื ืฉืคืืจืฉ ืฉืขืื ืืชืคืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืชืคืื ืืืฉืืดื ืืืฉืจ ืืืจื ืื ืฉืืขืืจื ืืชืคืืชื. ืืืคืฉืจ ืืคื ืื ืืืดืฉ ืื ืื ืืฉืขืจ ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืจื (ืืืืื ื ื:ื) ืึท๏ฌนึท๏ญึตื ืึถืช ๏ญึธื ึธืื ืึถื ืึท๏ญึดืืจ [ืึท๏ฌนึดืชึฐ๏ญึท๏ฌผึตื ืึถื ืืณ].
The battle happens in ืืขืจ ืืคืจืื, which is an area on the east side of the Jordan (even though ืืคืจืื was on the west):
ืืืขืจ ืืคืจืื: ืืฃ ืฉื ืืืช ืืคืจืื ืืืชื ืืขืืจ ืืืจืื ืืืขืจืื, ืื ืืืจื ืจืืืชืื ื ืืดื (ืืื ืงืื ืคื ื) ืฉืืืืฉืข ืชืงื ืฉืื ืืงืคืืื ืืฉืืืื ืื ืขื ืื ืืืื ืชืช ืืจืขืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืื ืื, ืืื ื ืืคืจืื ืจืขื ืืช ืืืืชื ืืืขืืจ ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืขื ืฉืื.
And it is an allusion to a previous Israelite civil war that happened there:
ื ืืืงืืฅ ืืคืชื ืืช ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืช ืืคืจืื; ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืขื ืืช ืืคืจืื ืื ืืืจื ืคืืืื ืืคืจืื ืืชื ืืืขื ืืชืื ืืคืจืื ืืชืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืืืื ืืืขื ืืช ืืขืืจืืช ืืืจืื ืืืคืจืื; ืืืื ืื ืืืืจื ืคืืืื ืืคืจืื ืืขืืจื ืืืืืจื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืขื ืืืคืจืชื ืืชื ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืจ ื ื ืฉืืืช ืืืืืจ ืกืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชื ืืืฉืืืืื ืื ืืขืืจืืช ืืืจืื; ืืืคื ืืขืช ืืืื ืืืคืจืื ืืจืืขืื ืืฉื ืื ืืืฃื
ืืจื ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืืขื ืืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืืจื tells us about the panic in Avshalomโs forces:
ืืชืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ื ืคืืฆืช ืขื ืคื ื ืื ืืืจืฅ: ืืืื ืื ืืคื ื ื ืคืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืื ื ืคื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืคืืฆืื ืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืขื ืคื ื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืขื ืฉืืจืืชื ืืืช ืืืขืจ ืืืฉืืืช ืืขื ืืื ืื ืฉืืฉืืืชื ืืืจื.
But I think it emphasizes the fact that David is trying his best to not kill ืขื ืืฉืจืื, just as he insists they go ืืืโฆืื ืขืจ ืืืืฉืืื. David is trying to be king over all of ืขื ืืฉืจืื. The tragedy is that it just doesnโt work, foreshadowing the tragedy of Avshalom to come.