ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจ: ืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืช (ืื ืืืช) ืืจืืื
ื ืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืืช ืืช ืืื ืืืจื ืืช ืืืงืช ืื ืืืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืขืื ื ืฆื ืขืืืื; ืืชืื ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืจืื ืืืงืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ืืื; ืืืกืฃ ืฉืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืจืืชื ืืืื ืขื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืืจ ืืืคื ืฉืืืื ืืืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืื ืืืช (ืื ืืืช) ืืจืืื
ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืืช (ื ืืืช) ืืจืื; ืืชืื ืขืืื ืื ืืื ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืืช (ืื ืืืช) ืืจืืื
ืื ืืืคืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืชื ืื ืื ืืื ืืคื ื ืฉืืืื ืืืคื ืขืจื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื; ืขื ืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื
Much of this analysis is based on a shiur by Rav Amnon Bazak from Yeshivat Etzion.
What has happened to Saul? The targum of ืืืคื ืขืจื is ืื ืคื ืืจืฉื, which ืจืฉืดื translates based on the Arabic as ืืฉืืืข, insane. And indeed there is a fine line between prophecy and insanity:
ื ืื ืชืฉืื ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืื ืื ืืช ืืขื ืืืืื; ืืืืช ืืชื ื ืขื ืื ืืจื ืืช ืืืื
โฆ
ื ืืื ืืื ืืคืงืื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืืขื ืืฉืจืื; ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืข ืืืฉ ืืจืื ืขื ืจื ืขืื ื ืืจืื ืืฉืืืื
Thereโs no way to tell from the outside whether someone has actually communicated with G-d or is just hallucinating; ืืืชื ืื literally means โto talk to oneselfโ. All we can judge is whether what the ื ืืื is saying is consistent with the Torah, with being the word of ืืณ.
But still, ืืืคืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืืื sounds pretty insane. The ืืคืจืฉืื, however, soften it to mean that he removed his royal garments so be part of the ืื ื ื ืืืื:
ืคืฉื ืืืื ืืืืืช, ืืืชืืืืช ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืฉื ืืื ืืชืืื ืขืืืื
So it seems that Saul and his messengers were overcome with the sense of ื ืืืื, which kept them from trying to arrest David. Note the use of the word ืืืชื ืื.โ ื ืืืื reallly has two parts: we think about being a messenger from ืืณ to humanity, but the most important part is the personal connection to ืืงืืดื. That is the part that can be practiced and learned; whether or not ืืณ decides to use you as a messenger is out of your control. ืืชื ืื is the personal part, the โbeing a spokesman to yourselfโ:
ืื ืืืจื ืืณ ืืขื ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืฆื ืื ืืจืื ืืฉืจ ืขืืื ืืืชื ืขื ืฉืืขืื ืืืฉ ืืืงื ืื; ืืืื ืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืจืื ืืืชื ืืื ืืื ืืกืคืื
ืื ืืืฉืืจื ืฉื ื ืื ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืฉื ื ืืืื ืืชื ื ืขืืื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืื; ืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืื
ืื ืื is being a spokesman to others:
ื ืืืชื ืขืื ืื ืืณ ืืืืฆืื ื ืืจืื ืืณ ืืื ืืื ื ืืชืื ืืืงืขื; ืืืื ืืืื ืขืฆืืืชื
โฆ
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืจืื; ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืื ืืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ื ืืณ ืืืจืืข ืจืืืืช ืืื ืืจืื ืืคืื ืืืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื
ื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืฉืจ ืฆืื ื; ืืชืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืขืืื ืขื ืจืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืฆืืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืื; ืื ื ืืืจืื ืืืฉื ืขืฆืืืชืื ื ืืืืื ืชืงืืชื ื ื ืืืจื ื ืื ืื
ืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ื ืืณ ืื ื ืื ื ืคืชื ืืช ืงืืจืืชืืื ืืืขืืืชื ืืชืื ืืงืืจืืชืืื ืขืื; ืืืืืชื ืืชืื ืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจืืื
And there is a principle that a ื ืืื can only reveal his ืืืื to others if he is commanded to do so; (ืืืื ื,ื)โ ืื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืจื ืฉืืื ืืดืื ืืืืจ" ืขื ืฉืืืืจ ืื โืื ืืืืจโ? ืฉื ืืืจ (ืืืงืจื ื:ื): ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขื ืืืืจ.
So then what is ืฉืืืื doing here? Is ืจืื ืืืงืื a weapon to destroy ืฉืืืื's enemies? On first glance it seems that way, that the messengers and Saul are simply left incapacitated and unable to arrest David, but that is hard to reconcile an earlier episode in Saulโs life:
ื ืืืืื ืฉื ืืืืขืชื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืงืจืืชื; ืืชืฆืื ืขืืื ืจืื ืืืงืื ืืืชื ืื ืืชืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืืืชืืื ืฉืืฉื ืืืจืื ืืื ื ืขื ื ืืืื ื ืื:
ืืืืืจ ืืขื ืืืฉ ืื ืจืขืื ืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืงืืฉ ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืขื ืืืฉ ืืฉื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื; ืขื ืื ืืืชื ืืืฉื ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืืื
This is similar to what we saw in Davidโs prayer that we looked at earlier (ืชืืืืื ื ื:ืื)โ ืื ืชืืจืื ืคื ืืฉืืื ืขืื.โ ืืืชื ืืื represents a positive experience, a kind of enlightenment that should change a person forever. And that is what happened to Saul the first time; the expression of ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื represents the admiration that the people now had. The tragedy and the irony now is that the second ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื shows Saul in his decline; he may be back with the ื ืืืื, and he now leaves David alone, but it will not last. Saulโs paranoia will return in the next perek.
Three Strikes and Youโre Out
There is a contrasting story in ืืืืื, when ืืืืื tries to arrest ืืืืื:
ื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืืฉืื; ืืืขื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืขื ืจืืฉ ืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืจืืื
ื ืืืขื ื ืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืฉืจ ืืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืืงืื ืื ื ืชืจื ืืฉ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืชื ืืืช ืืืฉืื; ืืชืจื ืืฉ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืชื ืืืช ืืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืจ ืืืืฉืื; ืืืขื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืจื ืจืืื
ืื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืื ื ืชืจื ืืฉ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืชื ืืืช ืืืฉืื; ืืชืจื ืืฉ ืืืงืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืชื ืืืช ืืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืฉืจ ืืืฉืื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืืฉืื; ืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืจ ืืืืฉืื ืืฉืืืฉื ืืืืจืข ืขื ืืจืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืชืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืชืืงืจ ื ื ื ืคืฉื ืื ืคืฉ ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืื
ืื ืื ื ืืจืื ืืฉ ืื ืืฉืืื ืืชืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืฉืจื ืืืืฉืื ืืจืืฉื ืื ืืืช ืืืฉืืื; ืืขืชื ืชืืงืจ ื ืคืฉื ืืขืื ืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืณ ืื ืืืืื ืจื ืืืชื ืื ืชืืจื ืืคื ืื; ืืืงื ืืืจื ืืืชื ืื ืืืืื
ืืืืื responds not by bringing the ืจืื ืืณ on his enemies but by destroying them. ืฉืืืื's response is more similar to that of ืืื ืงืืืก in the gemara:
ืืื ืงืืืก ืืจ ืงืืื ืืืืก ืืืืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืงืืกืจ ืืื ืื ืืจืืืื ืืืชืจืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืงืจืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืืื ืื ืืจืืืื [ืืืจืื ื] ืืืชืจืื ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืชืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืฉืงืื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืืขืืื ื ืืคืืืจื ื ืงื ื ืืจื ืงืื ืคืืคืืืจื ืคืืคืืืจื ืืืืืกื ืืืืกื ืืืืืื ื ืืืืื ื ืืงืืื ืงืืื ืื ื ืงื ื ืืจื ืืงืื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืงืืดื ื ืงื ื ืืจื ืงืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืช ืื) ืืืณ ืืืื ืืคื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืณ ืืืืืืจ [ืืืืื] ืืืจ ืฉืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืจืื ื ืืืชืจืื ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืชืฉืชืขื ืืืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืงืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืชื [ืืื ืื ืืคืชืื] ืืืชืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืคื ืื ืืขืืืื ืืฉืืจืื ืืืชื ืืืืืฅ ืืืืื ืืงืืดื ืขืืืื ืืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืจื ืืืืืฅ ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืืื ืงืื) ืืณ ืืฉืืจ ืฆืืชื ืืืืื ืืขืชื ืืขื ืขืืื ืืืืืืจ ืชื ืื ืฉืืจ ืืชืจืื