This week’s parsha starts with a very problematic paragraph:
It’s problematic for a number of reasons: the biggest one is that it doesn’t belong here; this section of the Torah is about the building of the משכן. This is not about the building or dedication; it is about the ongoing lighting of the menorah. We have a whole sefer dedicated to the operation of the משכן: ספר ויקרא. And our paragraph appears there as well:
With some more details in ספר במדבר (it’s pushed off for reasons that we won’t go into here):
In fact, the text tells us it does not belong here. ואתה תצוה means “you will command”; the actual command to command comes later: צו את בני ישראל.
The Kli Yakar lists a whole set of problems with this paragraph:
Rashi is not bothered by the תמיד question:
The Kli Yakar says that תמיד means constant, and there is a specific halachic meaning to that word here. There are two sets of lamps: one (hence the singular) נר תמיד, and the rest of the lamps of the menorah, lit מערב עד בקר:
Moshe experienced the שכינה constantly, communicating with הקב״ה מבין שני הכרובים. He wanted everyone else to have some of that experience as well (the כהנים could go into the משכן, and the rest of בני ישראל could at least see it).
What was the נס תמידי זה בנר מערבי that served as דבר המורה על שהשכינה שרויה בישראל?
The oil in the נר תמיד would miraculously last far longer than it should. That was the עדות that שָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם. This obviously connects to the Chanukah story, ואכמ״ל.
Hence the description of באהל מועד מחוץ לפרכת אשר על העדת. The נר תמיד serves as the external counterpart of the internal עדות, and was part of the structure of the משכן. This part of the מצווה of the menorah belongs here.
But this still doesn’t explain why the parsha emphasizes ואתה. Why is this Moshe’s מצווה?
The menorah is the symbol of תלמוד תורה, which is Moshe’s role in בני ישראל.
And specifically it is a symbol of תורה שבעל פה, transmitted from teacher to student. The symbolism of the נר תמיד is both that it lights the other lights without being diminished, and that it, despite being miraculous, needs human intervention to occasionally clean and re-light it.
There’s another aspect of Moshe’s role in the נר תמיד, emphasized by “ואתה”.
We could object that the parshiot are later developments; there is no “פרשת תצוה” in the text of the Torah. But Moshe’s missing name is actually very noticeable in the text itself:
There is a huge gap with no משה, in the entire discussion of the vestments and roles of the כהנים. We would have expected a few “וידבר ה׳ אל משה”s in there. The absence of his name is striking.
Moshe is not mentioned because he isn’t part of the עבודת ה׳ that is represented by the משכן. But still, ה׳ tells him ואתה, ”and as for you“, you will have the נר תמיד, and the inauguration of the כהנים:
The menorah, pace Reb Zadok, does not have a כתר תורה. It has lots of little decorations: כפתורים ופרחים. Everyone has a part to play in the transmission of תורה שבעל פה.
The נר תמיד and the מסורה itself are the עדות לכל באי העולם שהשכינה בישראל. Moshe’s consolation (and ours) at being “left out” of the משכן is that we are really all there.