This week’s parsha emphasizes the role of the כהן in diagnosing צרעת:
What’s odd about this is that it is a legal section that comes in the middle of the narrative about the opening ceremonies of the משכן:
So we have
5 perakim of halachic instructions that could have been put anywhere, but interrupt the narrative of the dedication of the משכן. I would assume that these laws are inherent to what being a כהן is.
My model for the chronology of מתן תורה is that Moshe comes down from הר סיני (with the second לוחות) and spends the next 6 months (while the craftsmen are building the משכן) teaching everyone the תורה that he had learned:
And these laws were reviewed as a kind of refresher course, aimed specifically at the כהנים. It starts with last week’s parsha, with the laws of כשרות:
Those 5 perakim are the laws of כשרות, childbirth, צרעת and זב. What do they have in common? Rabbi Leibtag suggests that they all fundamentally deal with טומאה and טהרה, and טומאה cannot enter the מקדש. So after the sin of נדב and אביהו, which (however we understand it) involved being in the wrong place at the wrong time in the מקדש, Moshe reviews the rules for not going into the מקדש. However, missing from our collection of laws is the אב הטומאה itself, טומאת מת (that won’t be recorded until פרשת חקת). And the problem with נדב and אביהו was not one of טומאה!
So I’m going to propose a different answer, based on פרשת שמיני תש״פ. כהנים come up in an interesting place in the halacha:
על פיהם יהיה כל ריב וכל נגע? We know about the role of the כהן in נגעים (that’s our parsha). But what do they have to do with ריב, arguments, legal issues? It seems that the כהנים had two roles:
And the Torah says that the כהן had a role in judgment:
I think it goes back to an interesting comment in the gemara:
The כהנים were the keepers of the תורה שבכתב.
Rav Naftali Bar-Ilan (grandson of Rav Meir Bar Ilan, great grandson of the Netziv) that this was the role of the כהנים: to preserve the text, to be the carriers of tradition, not just in ritual, but in תלמוד תורה as well:
But it’s not just the text of the תורה שבכתב. The כהנים are the keepers of the מסורה of the תורה שבעל פה. When we use the term תורה שבעל פה, we are referring to two different things.
The כהן represents the people to G-d in the עבודה, and represents G-d to the people in הוראה. The כהן is the keeper of the authentic תורה שבכתה, and the voice of the original תורה שבעל פה (what Rav Lichtenstein calls the ideal Torah which is ba-shamayyim), as opposed to the human-derived תורה שבעל פה that is the חידושים of every generation.
There is a dialectic inherent in our understanding of Torah, between innovation and conservatism. An important part of Torah is what we as human beings bring into it:
But there is equally a place to say “this is what is was, this is what it always will be”.
כשרות, צרעת, the laws of טומאה and טהרה, are less about figuring things out and more about מסורה, a continuous tradition that this is how things are done (please don’t ask me about turkeys!). Our parsha reminds us that we can’t be enthralled with our own cleverness; our goal is to achieve the רצון ה׳ that remains, tantalizingly out of reach, בשמים.